2. Mucalindavaggo

1. Mucalindasuttavaṇṇanā

11. Mucalindavaggassa paṭhame mucalindamūleti ettha mucalindo vuccati nīparukkho. So ‘‘niculo’’tipi vuccati, tassa samīpe. Keci pana ‘‘mucaloti tassa rukkhassa nāmaṃ, taṃ vanajeṭṭhakatāya pana mucalindoti vutta’’nti vadanti. Mahā akālameghoti asampatte vassakāle uppannamahāmegho. So hi gimhānaṃ pacchime māse sakalacakkavāḷagabbhaṃ pūrento udapādi. Sattāhavaddalikāti tasmiṃ uppanne sattāhaṃ avicchinnavuṭṭhikā ahosi. Sītavātaduddinīti sā ca sattāhavaddalikā udakaphusitasammissena sītavātena samantato paribbhamantena dusitadivasattā duddinī nāma ahosi. Mucalindo nāma nāgarājāti tasseva mucalindarukkhassa samīpe pokkharaṇiyā heṭṭhā nāgabhavanaṃ atthi, tattha nibbatto mahānubhāvo nāgarājā. Sakabhavanāti attano nāgabhavanato. Sattakkhattuṃ bhogehi parikkhipitvāti sattavāre attano sarīrabhogehi bhagavato kāyaṃ parivāretvā. Uparimuddhani mahantaṃ phaṇaṃ vihaccāti bhagavato muddhappadesassa upari attano mahantaṃ phaṇaṃ pasāretvā. ‘‘Phaṇaṃ karitvā’’tipi pāṭho, so evattho.

Tassa kira nāgarājassa etadahosi ‘‘bhagavā ca mayhaṃ bhavanasamīpe rukkhamūle nisinno, ayañca sattāhavaddalikā vattati, vāsāgāramassa laddhuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti. So sattaratanamayaṃ pāsādaṃ nimminituṃ sakkontopi ‘‘evaṃ kate kāyasāro gahito na bhavissati, dasabalassa kāyaveyyāvaccaṃ karissāmī’’ti mahantaṃ attabhāvaṃ katvā satthāraṃ sattakkhattuṃ bhogehi parikkhipitvā upari phaṇaṃ katvā dhāresi. ‘‘Parikkhepabbhantaraṃ lohapāsāde bhaṇḍāgāragabbhappamāṇaṃ ahosī’’ti khandhakaṭṭhakathāyaṃ (mahāva. aṭṭha. 5) vuttaṃ. Majjhimaṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana ‘‘heṭṭhālohapāsādappamāṇa’’nti (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.284). ‘‘Icchiticchitena iriyāpathena satthā viharissatī’’ti kira nāgarājassa ajjhāsayo. Bhagavā pana yathānisinnova sattāhaṃ vītināmesi. Tañca ṭhānaṃ supihitavātapānaṃ suphusitaaggaḷadvāraṃ kūṭāgāraṃ viya ahosi. Mā bhagavantaṃ sītantiādi tassa tathā karitvā ṭhānakāraṇaparidīpanaṃ. So hi ‘‘mā bhagavantaṃ sītaṃ bādhayittha, mā uṇhaṃ, mā ḍaṃsādisamphasso bādhayitthā’’ti tathā karitvā aṭṭhāsi.

Tattha kiñcāpi sattāhavaddalikāya uṇhameva natthi, sace pana antarantarā megho vigaccheyya, uṇhaṃ bhaveyya, tampi mā bādhayitthāti evaṃ tassa cintetuṃ yuttaṃ. Keci panettha vadanti ‘‘uṇhaggahaṇaṃ bhogaparikkhepassa vipulabhāvakaraṇe kāraṇakittanaṃ. Khuddake hi tasmiṃ bhagavantaṃ nāgassa sarīrasambhūtā usmā bādheyya, vipulabhāvakaraṇena pana tādisaṃ ‘mā uṇhaṃ bādhayitthā’ti tathā karitvā aṭṭhāsī’’ti.

Viddhanti ubbiddhaṃ, meghavigamena dūrībhūtanti attho. Vigatavalāhakanti apagatameghaṃ. Devanti ākāsaṃ. Viditvāti ‘‘idāni vigatavalāhako ākāso, natthi bhagavato sītādiupaddavo’’ti ñatvā. Viniveṭhetvāti apanetvā. Sakavaṇṇanti attano nāgarūpaṃ. Paṭisaṃharitvāti antaradhāpetvā. Māṇavakavaṇṇanti kumārakarūpaṃ.

Etamatthanti vivekasukhappaṭisaṃvedino yattha katthaci sukhameva hotīti etamatthaṃ sabbākārena jānitvā. Imaṃ udānanti imaṃ vivekasukhānubhāvadīpakaṃ udānaṃ udānesi.

Tattha sukho vivekoti nibbānasaṅkhāto upadhiviveko sukho. Tuṭṭhassāti catumaggañāṇasantosena tuṭṭhassa. Sutadhammassāti pakāsitadhammassa vissutadhammassa. Passatoti taṃ vivekaṃ, yaṃ vā kiñci passitabbaṃ nāma, taṃ sabbaṃ attano vīriyabalādhigatena ñāṇacakkhunā passantassa. Abyāpajjanti akuppanabhāvo, etena mettāpubbabhāgo dassito. Pāṇabhūtesu saṃyamoti sattesu ca saṃyamo avihiṃsanabhāvo sukhoti attho. Etena karuṇāpubbabhāgo dassito.

Sukhā virāgatā loketi vigatarāgatāpi loke sukhā. Kīdisī? Kāmānaṃ samatikkamoti, yā kāmānaṃ samatikkamoti vuccati, sā vigatarāgatāpi sukhāti attho, etena anāgāmimaggo kathito. Asmimānassa yo vinayoti iminā pana arahattaṃ kathitaṃ. Arahattañhi asmimānassa paṭippassaddhivinayoti vuccati, ito parañca sukhaṃ nāma natthi, tenāha ‘‘etaṃ ve paramaṃ sukha’’nti. Evaṃ arahattena desanāya kūṭaṃ gaṇhīti.

Paṭhamasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

2. Rājasuttavaṇṇanā

12. Dutiye sambahulānanti vinayapariyāyena tayo janā ‘‘sambahulā’’ti vuccanti, tato paraṃ saṅgho. Suttantapariyāyena pana tayo tayo eva, tato uddhaṃ sambahulā. Tasmā idhāpi suttantapariyāyena sambahulāti veditabbā. Upaṭṭhānasālāyanti dhammasabhāmaṇḍape. Sā hi dhammaṃ desetuṃ āgatassa tathāgatassa bhikkhūnaṃ upaṭṭhānakaraṇaṭṭhānanti ‘‘upaṭṭhānasālā’’ti vuccati. Atha vā yattha bhikkhū vinayaṃ vinicchinanti, dhammaṃ kathenti, sākacchaṃ samāpajjanti, sannipatanavasena pakatiyā upatiṭṭhanti, sā sālāpi maṇḍapopi ‘‘upaṭṭhānasālā’’tveva vuccati. Tatthāpi hi buddhāsanaṃ niccaṃ paññattameva hoti. Idañhi buddhānaṃ dharamānakāle bhikkhūnaṃ cārittaṃ. Sannisinnānanti nisajjanavasena saṅgamma nisinnānaṃ. Sannipatitānanti tato tato āgantvā sannipatanavasena sannipatitānaṃ. Atha vā buddhāsanaṃ purato katvā satthu sammukhe viya ādaruppattiyā sakkaccaṃ nisīdanavasena sannisinnānaṃ, samānajjhāsayattā aññamaññasmiṃ ajjhāsayena suṭṭhu sammā ca nipatanavasena sannipatitānaṃ. Ayanti idāni vuccamānaṃ niddisati. Antarākathāti kammaṭṭhānamanasikārauddesaparipucchādīnaṃ antarā aññā ekā kathā, atha vā majjhanhike laddhassa sugatovādassa, sāyaṃ labhitabbassa dhammassavanassa ca antarā pavattattā antarākathā, samaṇasamācārasseva vā antarā pavattā aññā ekā kathāti antarākathā. Udapādīti uppannā.

Imesaṃ dvinnaṃ rājūnanti niddhāraṇe sāmivacanaṃ. Mahaddhanataro vātiādīsu pathaviyaṃ nikhaṇitvā ṭhapitaṃ sattaratananicayasaṅkhātaṃ mahantaṃ dhanaṃ etassāti mahaddhano, dvīsu ayaṃ atisayena mahaddhanoti mahaddhanataro. Vāsaddo vikappattho. Sesapadesupi eseva nayo. Ayaṃ pana viseso – niccaparibbayavasena mahanto bhogo etassāti mahābhogo. Devasikaṃ pavisanaāyabhūto mahanto koso etassāti mahākoso. Apare pana ‘‘devasikaṃ pavisanaāyabhūtaṃ maṇisārapheggugumbādibhedabhinnaṃ pariggahavatthu dhanaṃ, tadeva sāragabbhādīsu nihitaṃ koso’’ti vadanti. Vajiro, mahānīlo, indanīlo, marakato, veḷuriyo, padumarāgo, phussarāgo, kakketano, pulāko, vimalo, lohitaṅko, phaliko, pavāḷo, jotiraso, gomuttako, gomedako, sogandhiko, muttā, saṅkho, añjanamūlo, rājapaṭṭo, amataṃsako, piyako, brāhmaṇī cāti catubbīsati maṇi nāma. Satta lohāni kahāpaṇo ca sāro nāma. Sayanacchādanapāvuraṇagajadantasilādīni pheggu nāma. Candanāgarukuṅkumatagarakappūrādi gumbā nāma. Tattha purimena ādisaddena sālivīhiādimuggamāsādipubbaṇṇāparaṇṇabhedaṃ dhaññavikatiṃ ādiṃ katvā yaṃ sattānaṃ upabhogaparibhogabhūtaṃ vatthu, taṃ sabbaṃ saṅgayhati. Mahantaṃ vijitaṃ raṭṭhaṃ etassāti mahāvijito. Mahanto hatthiassādivāhano etassāti mahāvāhano. Mahantaṃ senābalañceva thāmabalañca etassāti mahabbalo. Icchitanibbattisaṅkhātā puññakammanipphannā mahatī iddhi etassāti mahiddhiko. Tejasaṅkhāto ussāhamantapabhusattisaṅkhāto vā mahanto ānubhāvo etassāti mahānubhāvo.

Ettha ca paṭhamena āyasampadā, dutiyena vittūpakaraṇasampadā, tatiyena vibhavasampadā, catutthena janapadasampadā, pañcamena yānasampadā, chaṭṭhena parivārasampadāya saddhiṃ attasampadā, sattamena puññakammasampadā, aṭṭhamena pabhāvasampadā tesaṃ rājūnaṃ pakāsitā hoti. Tena yā sā sāmisampatti, amaccasampatti, senāsampatti, raṭṭhasampatti, vibhavasampatti, mittasampatti, duggasampattīti satta pakatisampadā rājūnaṃ icchitabbā. Tā sabbā yathārahaṃ paridīpitāti veditabbā.

Dānādīhi catūhi saṅgahavatthūhi parisaṃ rañjetīti rājā. Magadhānaṃ issaroti māgadho. Mahatiyā senāya samannāgatattā seniyagottattā vā seniyo. Bimbi vuccati suvaṇṇaṃ, tasmā sārabimbivaṇṇatāya bimbisāro. Keci pana ‘‘nāmamevetaṃ tassa rañño’’ti vadanti. Paccāmittaṃ parasenaṃ jinātīti pasenadi. Kosalaraṭṭhassa adhipatīti kosalo. Ayañcarahīti ettha carahīti nipātamattaṃ. Vippakatāti apariyositā. Ayaṃ tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ antarākathā aniṭṭhitāti attho.

Sāyanhasamayanti sāyanhe ekaṃ samayaṃ. Paṭisallānā vuṭṭhitoti tato tato rūpādiārammaṇato cittassa paṭisaṃharaṇato paṭisallānasaṅkhātāya phalasamāpattito yathākālaparicchedaṃ vuṭṭhito. Bhagavā hi pubbaṇhasamayaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto sāvatthiṃ pavisitvā bhikkhūnaṃ sulabhapiṇḍapātaṃ katvā katabhattakicco bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ sāvatthito nikkhamitvā vihāraṃ pavisitvā gandhakuṭippamukhe ṭhatvā vattaṃ dassetvā ṭhitānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ yathāsamuṭṭhitaṃ sugatovādaṃ datvā tesu araññarukkhamūlādidivāṭṭhānaṃ uddissa gatesu gandhakuṭiṃ pavisitvā phalasamāpattisukhena divasabhāgaṃ vītināmetvā yathākālaparicchede samāpattito vuṭṭhāya, ‘‘mayhaṃ upagamanaṃ āgamayamānā catasso parisā sakalavihāraṃ paripūrentiyo nisinnā, idāni me dhammadesanatthaṃ dhammasabhāmaṇḍalaṃ upagantuṃ kālo’’ti āsanato vuṭṭhāya, kesarasīho viya kañcanaguhāya surabhigandhakuṭito nikkhamitvā yūthaṃ upasaṅkamanto mattavaravāraṇo viya akāyacāpallena cāruvikkantagamano asītianubyañjanappaṭimaṇḍitabāttiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇasamujjalāya byāmappabhāya parikkhepavilāsasampannāya pabhassaraketumālālaṅkatāya nīlapītalohitodātamañjiṭṭhapabhassarānaṃ vasena chabbaṇṇabuddharaṃsiyo vissajjentiyā acinteyyānubhāvāya anupamāya buddhalīlāya samannāgatāya rūpakāyasampattiyā sakalavihāraṃ ekālokaṃ kurumāno upaṭṭhānasālaṃ upasaṅkami. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘atha kho bhagavā…pe… tenupasaṅkamī’’ti.

Evaṃ upasaṅkamitvā vattaṃ dassetvā nisinne te bhikkhū tuṇhībhūte disvā ‘‘mayi akathente ime bhikkhū buddhagāravena kappampi na kathessantī’’ti kathāsamuṭṭhāpanatthaṃ ‘‘kāya nuttha, bhikkhave’’tiādimāha. Tattha kāya nutthāti katamāya nu bhavatha. ‘‘Kāya notthā’’tipi pāḷi, so evattho, ‘‘kāya nvetthā’’tipi paṭhanti, tassa katamāya nu etthāti attho. Tatrāyaṃ saṅkhepattho – bhikkhave, katamāya nāma kathāya idha sannisinnā bhavatha, katamā ca tumhākaṃ kathā mamāgamanapaccayā aniṭṭhitā, taṃ niṭṭhāpessāmīti evaṃ sabbaññupavāraṇāya pavāresi.

Na khvetanti na kho etaṃ, ayameva vā pāṭho. ‘‘Na khota’’ntipi paṭhanti, na kho etaṃ icceva padavibhāgo. Kulaputtānanti jātiācārakulaputtānaṃ. Saddhāti saddhāya, kammaphalasaddhāya ratanattayasaddhāya ca. Agārasmāti gharato, gahaṭṭhabhāvāti attho. Anagāriyanti pabbajjaṃ. Pabbajitānanti upagatānaṃ. Yanti kiriyāparāmasanaṃ. Tatthāyaṃ padayojanā – ‘‘bhikkhave, tumhe neva rājābhinītā na corābhinītā na iṇaṭṭā na jīvitapakatā pabbajitā, atha kho saddhāya agārato nikkhamitvā mama sāsane pabbajitā, tumhe etarahi evarūpiṃ rājappaṭisaṃyuttaṃ tiracchānakathaṃ katheyyātha, yaṃ evarūpāya kathāya kathanaṃ, etaṃ tumhākaṃ na kho patirūpaṃ na yuttamevā’’ti.

Evaṃ sannipatitānaṃ pabbajitānaṃ appatirūpaṃ paṭikkhipitvā idāni nesaṃ patirūpaṃ paṭipattiṃ anujānanto ‘‘sannipatitānaṃ vo, bhikkhave, dvayaṃ karaṇīyaṃ dhammī vā kathā ariyo vā tuṇhībhāvo’’ti āha. Tattha voti tumhākaṃ. Karaṇīyanti hi padaṃ apekkhitvā kattari sāmivacanametaṃ, tasmā tumhehīti attho. Dvayaṃ karaṇīyanti dve kātabbā. Dhammī kathāti catusaccadhammato anapetā kathā, pavattinivattiparidīpinī dhammadesanāti attho. Dasakathāvatthusaṅkhātāpi hi dhammakathā tadekadesā evāti. Ariyoti ekantahitāvahattā ariyo, visuddho uttamoti vā ariyo. Tuṇhībhāvoti samathavipassanābhāvanābhūtaṃ akathanaṃ. Keci pana ‘‘vacīsaṅkhārapaṭipakkhabhāvato dutiyajjhānaṃ ariyo tuṇhībhāvo’’ti vadanti. Apare ‘‘catutthajjhānaṃ ariyo tuṇhībhāvo’’ti vadanti. Ayaṃ panettha attho – ‘‘bhikkhave, cittavivekassa paribrūhanatthaṃ vivekaṭṭhakāyā suññāgāre viharantā sace kadāci sannipatatha, evaṃ sannipatitehi tumhehi ‘assutaṃ sāveti sutaṃ vā pariyodapetī’ti vuttanayena aññamaññassūpakārāya khandhādīnaṃ aniccatādipaṭisaṃyuttā dhammakathā vā pavattetabbā, aññamaññaṃ abyābādhanatthaṃ jhānasamāpattiyā vā viharitabba’’nti.

Tattha purimena karaṇīyavacanena anotiṇṇānaṃ sāsane otaraṇūpāyaṃ dasseti, pacchimena otiṇṇānaṃ saṃsārato nissaraṇūpāyaṃ. Purimena vā āgamaveyyattiye niyojeti, pacchimena adhigamaveyyattiye. Atha vā purimena sammādiṭṭhiyā paṭhamaṃ uppattihetuṃ dīpeti, dutiyena dutiyaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘Dveme, bhikkhave, hetū dve paccayā sammādiṭṭhiyā uppādāya parato ca ghoso, paccattañca yoniso manasikāro’’ti (a. ni. 2.127).

Purimena vā lokiyasammādiṭṭhiyā mūlakāraṇaṃ vibhāveti, pacchimena lokuttarasammādiṭṭhiyā mūlakāraṇanti evamādinā ettha yojanā veditabbā.

Etamatthaṃ viditvāti tehi bhikkhūhi kittitakāmasampattito jhānādisampatti santatarā ceva paṇītatarā cāti etamatthaṃ sabbākārato viditvā. Imaṃ udānanti imaṃ ariyavihārasukhānubhāvadīpakaṃ udānaṃ udānesi.

Tattha yañca kāmasukhaṃ loketi lokasaddo ‘‘khandhaloko āyatanaloko dhātuloko’’tiādīsu (mahāni. 3, 7; cūḷani. ajitamāṇavapucchāniddesa 2) saṅkhāresu āgato.

‘‘Yāvatā candimasūriyā pariharanti,

Disā bhanti virocanā;

Tāva sahassadhā loko,

Ettha te vattatī vaso’’ti. –

Ādīsu (ma. ni. 1.503) okāse āgato. ‘‘Addasā kho bhagavā buddhacakkhunā lokaṃ volokento’’tiādīsu (mahāva. 9; ma. ni. 1.283) sattesu. Idha pana sattaloke okāsaloke ca veditabbo. Tasmā avīcito paṭṭhāya upari brahmalokato heṭṭhā etasmiṃ loke yaṃ vatthukāme paṭicca kilesakāmavasena uppajjanato kāmasahagataṃ sukhaṃ. Yañcidaṃ diviyaṃ sukhanti yañca idaṃ divi bhavaṃ dibbavihāravasena ca laddhabbaṃ brahmānaṃ manussānañca rūpasamāpattisukhaṃ. Taṇhakkhayasukhassāti yaṃ āgamma taṇhā khīyati, taṃ nibbānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā taṇhāya ca paṭipassambhanavasena pavattaphalasamāpattisukhaṃ taṇhakkhayasukhaṃ nāma, tassa taṇhakkhayasukhassa. Eteti liṅgavipallāsena niddeso, etāni sukhānīti attho. Keci ubhayampi sukhasāmaññena gahetvā ‘‘eta’’nti paṭhanti, tesaṃ ‘‘kalaṃ nāgghatī’’ti pāṭhena bhavitabbaṃ.

Soḷasinti soḷasannaṃ pūraṇiṃ. Ayañhettha saṅkhepattho – cakkavattisukhaṃ ādiṃ katvā sabbasmiṃ manussaloke manussasukhaṃ, nāgasupaṇṇādiloke nāgādīhi anubhavitabbaṃ sukhaṃ, cātumahārājikādidevaloke chabbidhaṃ kāmasukhanti yaṃ ekādasavidhe kāmaloke uppajjantaṃ kāmasukhaṃ, yañca idaṃ rūpārūpadevesu dibbavihārabhūtesu rūpārūpajjhānesu ca uppannattā ‘‘diviya’’nti laddhanāmaṃ lokiyajjhānasukhaṃ, sakalampi tadubhayaṃ taṇhakkhayasukhasaṅkhātaṃ phalasamāpattisukhaṃ soḷasa bhāge katvā tato ekabhāgaṃ soḷasabhāgaguṇe laddhaṃ ekabhāgasaṅkhātaṃ kalaṃ na agghatīti.

Ayañca atthavaṇṇanā phalasamāpattisāmaññena vuttā. Pāḷiyaṃ avisesena taṇhakkhayassa āgatattā paṭhamaphalasamāpattisukhassāpi kalaṃ lokiyaṃ na agghati eva. Tathā hi vuttaṃ –

‘‘Pathabyā ekarajjena, saggassa gamanena vā;

Sabbalokādhipaccena, sotāpattiphalaṃ vara’’nti. (dha. pa. 178);

Sotāpattisaṃyuttepi vuttaṃ –

‘‘Kiñcāpi, bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī catunnaṃ dīpānaṃ issariyādhipaccaṃ rajjaṃ kāretvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ sahabyataṃ, so tattha nandane vane accharāsaṅghaparivuto dibbehi ca pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāreti, so catūhi dhammehi asamannāgato. Atha kho so aparimuttova nirayā, aparimutto tiracchānayoniyā, aparimutto pettivisayā, aparimutto apāyaduggativinipātā. Kiñcāpi, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako piṇḍiyālopena yāpeti, nantakāni ca dhāreti, so catūhi dhammehi samannāgato, atha kho so parimutto nirayā, parimutto tiracchānayoniyā, parimutto pettivisayā, parimutto apāyaduggativinipātā.

‘‘Katamehi catūhi? Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ…pe... buddho bhagavā’ti. Dhamme aveccappasādena…pe… viññūhī’ti. Saṅghe aveccappasādena…pe… puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’ti. Ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgato hoti akhaṇḍehi…pe… samādhisaṃvattanikehi. Imehi catūhi dhammehi samannāgato hoti. Yo ca, bhikkhave, catunnaṃ dīpānaṃ paṭilābho, yo catunnaṃ dhammānaṃ paṭilābho, catunnaṃ dīpānaṃ paṭilābho catunnaṃ dhammānaṃ paṭilābhassa kalaṃ nāgghati soḷasi’’nti (saṃ. ni. 5.997).

Evaṃ bhagavā sabbattha lokiyasukhaṃ sauttaraṃ sātisayaṃ, lokuttarasukhameva anuttaranti atisayanti bhājesīti.

Dutiyasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

3. Daṇḍasuttavaṇṇanā

13. Tatiye kumārakāti dārakā. Antarā ca sāvatthiṃ antarā ca jetavananti antarāsaddo ‘‘tadantaraṃ ko jāneyya, aññatra tathāgatā’’ti (a. ni. 6.44; 10.75), ‘‘janā saṅgamma mantenti, mañca tvañca kimantara’’ntiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 1.228) kāraṇe āgato. ‘‘Addasā maṃ, bhante, aññatarā itthī vijjantarikāya bhājanaṃ dhovantī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 2.149) khaṇe. ‘‘Yassantarato na santi kopā’’tiādīsu (udā. 20) citte. ‘‘Antarā vosānamāpādī’’tiādīsu vemajjhe. ‘‘Apicāyaṃ, bhikkhave, tapodā dvinnaṃ mahānirayānaṃ antarikāya āgacchatī’’tiādīsu (pārā. 231) vivare. Svāyamidhāpi vivare veditabbo. Tasmā sāvatthiyā ca jetavanassa ca vivareti, evamettha attho veditabbo. Antarāsaddayogato cettha upayogavacanaṃ ‘‘antarā ca sāvatthiṃ antarā ca jetavana’’nti. Īdisesu ṭhānesu akkharacintakā ‘‘antarā gāmañca nadiñca gacchatī’’ti ekameva antarāsaddaṃ payujjanti, so dutiyapadenapi yojetabbo hoti. Idha pana yojetvā vutto.

Ahiṃ daṇḍena hanantīti bilato nikkhamitvā gocarāya gacchantaṃ kaṇhasappaṃ chātajjhattaṃ anubandhitvā yaṭṭhīhi pothenti. Tena ca samayena bhagavā sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya gacchanto antarāmagge te dārake ahiṃ daṇḍena hanante disvā ‘‘kasmā kumārakā imaṃ ahiṃ daṇḍena hanathā’’ti pucchitvā ‘‘ḍaṃsanabhayena, bhante’’ti ca vutte ‘‘ime attano sukhaṃ karissāmāti imaṃ paharantā nibbattaṭṭhāne dukkhaṃ anubhavissanti, aho avijjāya nikatikosalla’’nti dhammasaṃvegaṃ uppādesi. Teneva ca dhammasaṃvegena udānaṃ udānesi. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘atha kho bhagavā’’tiādi.

Tattha etamatthaṃ viditvāti ‘‘ime dārakā attasukhāya paradukkhaṃ karontā sayaṃ parattha sukhaṃ na labhissantī’’ti etamatthaṃ jānitvāti evameke vaṇṇenti. Aññesaṃ duppaṭipannānaṃ sukhapariyesanaṃ āyatiṃ dukkhāya saṃvattati, suppaṭipannānaṃ ekantena sukhāya saṃvattati. Tasmā ‘‘paravihesāvinimuttā accantameva sukhabhāgino vata mayhaṃ ovādappaṭikarā’’ti somanassavasenevetampi satthā udānaṃ udānesīti vadanti. Apare pana bhaṇanti ‘‘evaṃ tehi kumārakehi pavattitaṃ paraviheṭhanaṃ sabbākārena ādīnavato viditvā paravihesāya parānukampāya ca yathākkamaṃ ādīnavānisaṃsavibhāvanaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesī’’ti.

Tattha sukhakāmānīti ekanteneva attano sukhassa icchanato sukhānugiddhāni. Bhūtānīti pāṇino. Yo daṇḍena vihiṃsatīti ettha daṇḍenāti desanāmattaṃ, daṇḍena vā leḍḍusatthapāṇippahārādīhi vāti attho. Atha vā daṇḍenāti daṇḍanena. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yo sukhakāmāni sabbabhūtāni jātiādinā ghaṭṭanavasena vacīdaṇḍena vā pāṇimuggarasatthādīhi pothanatāḷanacchedanādivasena sarīradaṇḍena vā sataṃ vā sahassaṃ vā ṭhāpanavasena dhanadaṇḍena vāti imesu daṇḍesu yena kenaci daṇḍena vihiṃsati viheṭheti dukkhaṃ pāpeti, attano sukhamesāno, pecca so na labhate sukhanti so puggalo attano sukhaṃ esanto gavesanto patthento pecca paraloke manussasukhaṃ dibbasukhaṃ nibbānasukhanti tividhampi sukhaṃ na labhati, aññadatthu tena daṇḍena dukkhameva labhatīti attho.

Pecca so labhate sukhanti yo khantimettānuddayasampanno ‘‘yathāhaṃ sukhakāmo dukkhappaṭikūlo, evaṃ sabbepī’’ti cintetvā sampattaviratiādīsu ṭhito vuttanayena kenaci daṇḍena sabbānipi bhūtāni na hiṃsati na bādhati, so puggalo paraloke manussabhūto manussasukhaṃ, devabhūto dibbasukhaṃ, ubhayaṃ atikkamanto nibbānasukhaṃ labhatīti. Ettha ca tādisassa puggalassa avassaṃbhāvitāya taṃ sukhaṃ paccuppannaṃ viya hotīti dassanatthaṃ ‘‘labhate’’ti vuttaṃ. Purimagāthāyapi eseva nayo.

Tatiyasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

4. Sakkārasuttavaṇṇanā

14. Catutthe tena kho pana samayena bhagavā sakkato hotīti kappānaṃ satasahassādhikesu catūsu asaṅkhyeyyesu paripūritassa puññasambhāravisesassa phalabhūtena ‘‘ito paraṃ mayhaṃ okāso natthī’’ti ussahajātena viya uparūpari vaḍḍhamānena sakkārādinā bhagavā sakkato hoti. Sabbadisāsu hi yamakamahāmegho vuṭṭhahitvā mahoghaṃ viya sabbapāramiyo ‘‘ekasmiṃ attabhāve vipākaṃ dassāmā’’ti sampiṇḍitā viya bhagavato lābhasakkāramahoghaṃ nibbattayiṃsu. Tato annapānavatthayānamālāgandhavilepanādihatthā khattiyabrāhmaṇādayo āgantvā ‘‘kahaṃ buddho, kahaṃ bhagavā, kahaṃ devadevo, kahaṃ narāsabho, kahaṃ purisasīho’’ti bhagavantaṃ pariyesanti. Sakaṭasatehi paccaye āharitvā okāsaṃ alabhamānā samantā gāvutappamāṇepi sakaṭadhurena sakaṭadhuraṃ āhacca tiṭṭhanti ceva anubandhanti ca andhakavindabrāhmaṇādayo viya. Sabbaṃ taṃ khandhake (mahāva. 282) tesu tesu ca suttesu āgatanayena veditabbaṃ. Yathā ca bhagavato, evaṃ bhikkhusaṅghassāti. Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘Yāvatā kho, cunda, etarahi saṅghā vā gaṇā vā loke uppannā, nāhaṃ, cunda, aññaṃ ekasaṅghampi samanupassāmi evaṃ lābhaggayasaggappattaṃ, yatharivāyaṃ, cunda, bhikkhusaṅgho’’ti (dī. ni. 3.176).

Svāyaṃ bhagavato ca bhikkhusaṅghassa ca uppanno lābhasakkāro ekato hutvā dvinnaṃ mahānadīnaṃ udakogho viya appameyyo ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘tena kho pana samayena bhagavā sakkato hoti…pe… parikkhārānaṃ, bhikkhusaṅghopi sakkato…pe… parikkhārāna’’nti.

Titthiyā pana pubbe akatapuññatāya ca duppaṭipannatāya ca asakkatā agarukatā, buddhuppādena pana visesato vipannasobhā sūriyuggamane khajjopanakā viya nippabhā nittejā hatalābhasakkārā ahesuṃ. Te tādisaṃ bhagavato saṅghassa ca lābhasakkāraṃ asahamānā issāpakatā ‘‘evaṃ ime pharusāhi vācāhi ghaṭṭetvāva palāpessāmā’’ti usūyā visuggāraṃ uggirantā tattha tattha bhikkhū akkosantā paribhāsantā vicariṃsu. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘aññatitthiyā pana paribbājakā asakkatā honti…pe… parikkhārānaṃ. Atha kho te aññatitthiyā paribbājakā bhagavato sakkāraṃ asahamānā bhikkhusaṅghassa ca gāme ca araññe ca bhikkhū disvā asabbhāhi pharusāhi vācāhi akkosanti paribhāsanti rosenti vihesentī’’ti.

Tattha asabbhāhīti asabhāyoggāhi sabhāyaṃ sādhujanasamūhe vattuṃ ayuttāhi, duṭṭhullāhīti attho. Pharusāhīti kakkhaḷāhi mammacchedikāhi. Akkosantīti jātiādīhi akkosavatthūhi khuṃsenti. Paribhāsantīti bhaṇḍanavasena bhayaṃ uppādentā tajjenti. Rosentīti yathā parassa roso hoti, evaṃ anuddhaṃsanavasena rosaṃ uppādenti. Vihesentīti viheṭhenti, vividhehi ākārehi aphāsuṃ karonti.

Kathaṃ panete samantapāsādike bhagavati bhikkhusaṅghe ca akkosādīni pavattesunti? Bhagavato uppādato pahīnalābhasakkāratāya upahatacittā pathaviṃ khaṇitvā pakkhalantā viya avaṇe veḷuriyamaṇimhi vaṇaṃ uppādentā viya ca sundarikaṃ nāma paribbājikaṃ saññāpetvā tāya satthu bhikkhūnañca avaṇṇaṃ vuṭṭhāpetvā akkosādīni pavattesuṃ. Taṃ panetaṃ sundarīvatthu parato sundarīsutte (udā. 38) pāḷiyaṃyeva āgamissati, tasmā yamettha vattabbaṃ, taṃ tattheva vaṇṇayissāma.

Bhikkhū bhagavato santikaṃ upasaṅkamitvā taṃ pavattimārocesuṃ. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu…pe… vihesentī’’ti. Taṃ vuttatthameva.

Etamatthaṃ viditvāti etaṃ issāpakatānaṃ titthiyānaṃ vippaṭipattiṃ sabbākārato viditvā. Imaṃ udānanti imaṃ tehi kate vippakāre pasannacittehi ca parehi kate upakāre tādibhāvānubhāvadīpakaṃ udānaṃ udānesi.

Tattha gāme araññe sukhadukkhaphuṭṭhoti gāme vā araññe vā yattha katthaci sukhena dukkhena ca phuṭṭho sukhadukkhāni anubhavanto, tesaṃ vā paccayehi samaṅgībhūto. Nevattato no parato dahethāti ‘‘ahaṃ sukhito, ahaṃ dukkhito, mama sukhaṃ, mama dukkhaṃ, parenidaṃ mayhaṃ sukhadukkhaṃ uppādita’’nti ca neva attato na parato taṃ sukhadukkhaṃ ṭhapetha. Kasmā? Na hettha khandhapañcake ahanti vā mamanti vā paroti vā parassāti vā passitabbayuttakaṃ kiñci atthi, kevalaṃ saṅkhārā eva pana yathāpaccayaṃ uppajjitvā khaṇe khaṇe bhijjantīti. Sukhadukkhaggahaṇañcettha desanāsīsaṃ, sabbassāpi lokadhammassa vasena attho veditabbo. Iti bhagavā ‘‘nāhaṃ kvacani, kassaci kiñcanatasmiṃ, na ca mama kvacani, katthaci kiñcanatatthī’’ti catukoṭikaṃ suññataṃ vibhāvesi.

Idāni tassa attato parato ca adahanassa kāraṇaṃ dasseti ‘‘phusanti phassā upadhiṃ paṭiccā’’ti. Ete sukhavedanīyā dukkhavedanīyā ca phassā nāma khandhapañcakasaṅkhātaṃ upadhiṃ paṭicca tasmiṃ sati yathāsakaṃ visayaṃ phusanti, tattha pavattantiyeva. Adukkhamasukhā hi vedanā santasabhāvatāya sukhe eva saṅgahaṃ gacchatīti duvidhasamphassavasenevāyaṃ atthavaṇṇanā katā.

Yathā pana te phassā na phusanti, taṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘nirupadhiṃ kena phuseyyuṃ phassā’’ti vuttaṃ. Sabbaso hi khandhūpadhiyā asati kena kāraṇena te phassā phuseyyuṃ, na taṃ kāraṇaṃ atthi. Yadi hi tumhe akkosādivasena uppajjanasukhadukkhaṃ na icchatha, sabbaso nirupadhibhāveyeva yogaṃ kareyyāthāti anupādisesanibbānadhātuyā gāthaṃ niṭṭhapesi. Evaṃ iminā udānena vaṭṭavivaṭṭaṃ kathitaṃ.

Catutthasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

5. Upāsakasuttavaṇṇanā

15. Pañcame icchānaṅgalakoti icchānaṅgalanāmako kosalesu eko brāhmaṇagāmo, taṃnivāsitāya tattha vā jāto bhavoti vā icchānaṅgalako. Upāsakoti tīhi saraṇagamanehi bhagavato santike upāsakabhāvassa paveditattā upāsako pañcasikkhāpadiko buddhamāmako, dhammamāmako, saṅghamāmako. Kenacideva karaṇīyenāti uddhārasodhāpanādinā kenacideva kattabbena. Tīretvāti niṭṭhāpetvā. Ayaṃ kira upāsako pubbe abhiṇhaṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā payirupāsati, so katipayaṃ kālaṃ bahukaraṇīyatāya satthu dassanaṃ nābhisambhosi. Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘cirassaṃ kho tvaṃ, upāsaka, imaṃ pariyāyamakāsi, yadidaṃ idhāgamanāyā’’ti.

Tattha cirassanti cirena. Pariyāyanti vāraṃ. Yadidanti nipāto, yo ayanti attho. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – idha mama santike āgamanāya yo ayaṃ ajja kato vāro, taṃ imaṃ cirena papañcaṃ katvā akāsīti. Cirapaṭikāhanti cirapaṭiko ahaṃ, cirakālato paṭṭhāya ahaṃ upasaṅkamitukāmoti sambandho. Kehici kehicīti ekaccehi ekaccehi. Atha vā kehici kehicīti yehi vā tehi vā. Tattha gāravaṃ dasseti. Satthari abhippasannassa hi satthudassanadhammassavanesu viya na aññattha ādaro hoti. Kiccakaraṇīyehīti ettha avassaṃ kātabbaṃ kiccaṃ, itaraṃ karaṇīyaṃ. Paṭhamaṃ vā kātabbaṃ kiccaṃ, pacchā kātabbaṃ karaṇīyaṃ. Khuddakaṃ vā kiccaṃ, mahantaṃ karaṇīyaṃ. Byāvaṭoti ussukko. Evāhanti evaṃ iminā pakārena ahaṃ nāsakkhiṃ upasaṅkamituṃ, na agāravādināti adhippāyo.

Etamatthaṃ viditvāti dullabhe buddhuppāde manussattalābhe ca sattānaṃ sakiñcanabhāvena kiccapasutatāya kusalantarāyo hoti, na akiñcanassāti etamatthaṃ sabbākārato viditvā. Imaṃ udānanti tadatthaparidīpanameva imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi.

Tattha sukhaṃ vata tassa na hoti kiñcīti yassa puggalassa kiñci rūpādīsu ekavatthumpi ‘‘mameta’’nti taṇhāya pariggahitabhāvena na hoti natthi na vijjati, sukhaṃ vata tassa puggalassa, aho sukhamevāti attho. ‘‘Na hosī’’tipi pāṭho, tassa atītakālavasena attho veditabbo. Keci pana na hoti kiñcīti padassa ‘‘rāgādikiñcanaṃ yassa na hotī’’ti atthaṃ vaṇṇenti, taṃ na sundaraṃ pariggahadhammavasena desanāya āgatattā. Rāgādikiñcananti pariggahetabbassāpi saṅgahe sati yuttameva vuttaṃ siyā atha vā yassa puggalassa kiñci appampi kiñcanaṃ palibodhajātaṃ rāgādikiñcanābhāvato eva na hoti, taṃ tassa akiñcanattaṃ sukhassa paccayabhāvato sukhaṃ vataṃ, aho sukhanti attho. Kassa pana na hoti kiñcananti ce, āha ‘‘saṅkhātadhammassa bahussutassā’’ti. Yo catūhipi maggasaṅkhāhi soḷasakiccanipphattiyā saṅkhātadhammo katakicco, tato eva paṭivedhabāhusaccena bahussuto, tassa.

Iti bhagavā akiñcanabhāve ānisaṃsaṃ dassetvā sakiñcanabhāve ādīnavaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘sakiñcanaṃ passā’’tiādimāha. Tassattho – rāgādikiñcanānaṃ āmisakiñcanānañca atthitāya sakiñcanaṃ, sakiñcanattā eva aladdhānañca laddhānañca kāmānaṃ pariyesanārakkhaṇahetu kiccakaraṇīyavasena ‘‘ahaṃ mamā’’ti gahaṇavasena ca vihaññamānaṃ vighātaṃ āpajjamānaṃ passāti dhammasaṃvegappatto satthā attano cittaṃ vadati. Jano janasmiṃ paṭibandharūpoti sayaṃ añño jano samāno aññasmiṃ jane ‘‘ahaṃ imassa, mama aya’’nti taṇhāvasena paṭibandhasabhāvo hutvā vihaññati vighātaṃ āpajjati. ‘‘Paṭibaddhacitto’’tipi pāṭho. Ayañca attho –

‘‘Puttā matthi dhanammatthi, iti bālo vihaññati;

Attā hi attano natthi, kuto puttā kuto dhana’’nti. (dha. pa. 62) –

Ādīhi suttapadehi dīpetabboti.

Pañcamasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

6. Gabbhinīsuttavaṇṇanā

16. Chaṭṭhe aññatarassa paribbājakassāti ekassa kuṭumbikassa paribbājakassa. Daharāti taruṇī. Māṇavikāti brāhmaṇadhītāya vohāro. Pajāpatīti bhariyā. Gabbhinīti āpannasattā. Upavijaññāti ajja suveti paccupaṭṭhitavijāyanakālā hotīti sambandho. So kira brāhmaṇajātiko sabhariyo vādapatthassame ṭhito, tena naṃ sapajāpatikaṃ paribbājakavohārena samudācaranti. Bhariyā panassa brāhmaṇajātikattā brāhmaṇāti ālapati. Telanti tilatelaṃ. Telasīsena cettha yaṃ yaṃ vijātāya pasavadukkhappaṭikāratthaṃ icchitabbaṃ, taṃ sabbaṃ sappiloṇādiṃ āharāti āṇāpeti. Yaṃ me vijātāya bhavissatīti yaṃ telādi mayhaṃ vijātāya bahinikkhantagabbhāya upakārāya bhavissati. ‘‘Paribbājikāyā’’tipi pāṭho. Kutoti kasmā ṭhānā, yato ñātikulā vā mittakulā vā telādiṃ āhareyyaṃ, taṃ ṭhānaṃ me natthīti adhippāyo. Telaṃ āharāmīti vattamānasamīpatāya vattamānaṃ katvā vuttaṃ, telaṃ āharissāmīti attho. Samaṇassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā sappissa vā telassa vāti ca samuccayattho vā-saddo ‘‘aggito vā udakato vā mithubhedā vā’’tiādīsu (mahāva. 286; dī. ni. 2.152; udā. 76) viya. Sappissa vā telassa vāti paccatte sāmivacanaṃ, sappi ca telañca yāvadatthaṃ pātuṃ pivituṃ dīyatīti attho. Apare pana ‘‘sappissa vā telassa vāti avayavasambandhe sāmivacanaṃ. Sappitelasamudāyassa hi avayavo idha yāvadatthasaddena vuccatī’’ti vadanti. No nīharitunti bhājanena vā hatthena vā bahi netuṃ no dīyati, ucchadditvānāti vamitvā, yaṃnūna dadeyyanti sambandho. Evaṃ kirassa ahosi ‘‘ahaṃ rañño koṭṭhāgāraṃ gantvā telaṃ kaṇṭhamattaṃ pivitvā tāvadeva gharaṃ āgantvā ekasmiṃ bhājane yathāpītaṃ vamitvā uddhanaṃ āropetvā pacissāmi, yaṃ pittasemhādimissitaṃ, taṃ agginā jhāyissati, telaṃ pana gahetvā imissā paribbājikāya kamme upanessāmī’’ti.

Uddhaṃ kātunti vamanavasena uddhaṃ nīharituṃ. Na pana adhoti viriñcanavasena heṭṭhā nīharituṃ na pana sakkoti. So hi ‘‘adhikaṃ pītaṃ sayameva mukhato niggamissatī’’ti pivitvā āsayassa arittatāya aniggate vamanavirecanayogaṃ ajānanto alabhanto vā kevalaṃ dukkhāhi vedanāhi phuṭṭho āvaṭṭati ca parivaṭṭati ca. Dukkhāhīti dukkhamāhi. Tibbāhīti bahalāhi tikhiṇāhi vā. Kharāhīti kakkhaḷāhi. Kaṭukāhīti ativiya aniṭṭhabhāvena dāruṇāhi. Āvaṭṭatīti ekasmiṃyeva ṭhāne anipajjitvā attano sarīraṃ ito cito ākaḍḍhanto āvaṭṭati. Parivaṭṭatīti ekasmiṃ padese nipannopi aṅgapaccaṅgāni parito khipanto vaṭṭati, abhimukhaṃ vā vaṭṭanto āvaṭṭati, samantato vaṭṭanto parivaṭṭati.

Etamatthaṃ viditvāti ‘‘sakiñcanassa appaṭisaṅkhāparibhogahetukā ayaṃ dukkhuppatti, akiñcanassa pana sabbaso ayaṃ natthī’’ti etamatthaṃ sabbākārato jānitvā tadatthappakāsanaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi.

Tattha sukhino vatāti sukhino vata sappurisā. Ke pana teti? Ye akiñcanā, ye rāgādikiñcanassa pariggahakiñcanassa ca abhāvena akiñcanā, kesaṃ panidaṃ kiñcanaṃ natthīti āha – ‘‘vedaguno hi janā akiñcanā’’ti, ye ariyamaggañāṇasaṅkhātaṃ vedaṃ gatā adhigatā, tena vā vedena nibbānaṃ gatāti vedaguno, te ariyajanā khīṇāsavapuggalā anavasesarāgādikiñcanānaṃ aggamaggena samucchinnattā akiñcanā nāma. Asati hi rāgādikiñcane kuto pariggahakiñcanassa sambhavo. Evaṃ gāthāya purimabhāgena arahante pasaṃsitvā aparabhāgena andhaputhujjane garahanto ‘‘sakiñcanaṃ passā’’tiādimāha. Taṃ purimasutte vuttatthameva. Evaṃ imāyapi gāthāya vaṭṭavivaṭṭaṃ kathitaṃ.

Chaṭṭhasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

7. Ekaputtakasuttavaṇṇanā

17. Sattame ekaputtakoti eko putto, so ca anukampitabbaṭṭhena ekaputtako, piyāyitabbaṭṭhena piyo, manassa vaḍḍhanaṭṭhena manāpo. Sarīrasobhāsampattiyā vā dassanīyaṭṭhena piyo, sīlācārasampattiyā kalyāṇadhammatāya manāpo. Kaleti satte khepetīti kālo, maraṇaṃ. Taṃ kato pattoti kālaṅkato, kālena vā maccunā kato naṭṭho adassanaṃ gatoti kālaṅkato, matoti attho.

Sambahulā upāsakāti sāvatthivāsino bahū upāsakā mataputtaupāsakassa sahasokībhāvena yāva āḷāhanā pacchato gantvā matasarīrassa kattabbaṃ kāretvā paṭinivattā yathānivatthāva udakaṃ otaritvā sīsaṃnhātā vatthāni pīḷetvā anotāpetvāva ekaṃ nivāsetvā ekaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ katvā upāsakaṃ purato katvā ‘‘sokavinodanaṃ dhammaṃ satthu santike sossāmā’’ti bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamiṃsu. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘allakesā’’tiādi.

Tattha allavatthāti udakena tintavatthā. Divā divassāti divasassapi divā, majjhanhike kāleti attho. Yasmā jānantāpi tathāgatā pucchanti, jānantāpi na pucchanti. Kālaṃ viditvā pucchanti, kālaṃ viditvā na pucchanti, tasmā jānantoyeva bhagavā kathāsamuṭṭhāpanatthaṃ pucchanto ‘‘kiṃ nu kho tumhe upāsakā’’tiādimāha. Tassattho – tumhe upāsakā aññesu divasesu mama santikaṃ āgacchantā otāpitasuddhavatthā sāyanhe āgacchatha, ajja pana allavatthā allakesā ṭhitamajjhanhike kāle idhāgatā, taṃ kiṃ kāraṇanti. Tena mayanti tena puttaviyogajanitacittasantāpena balavasokābhibhūtatāya evaṃbhūtā mayaṃ idhūpasaṅkamantāti.

Etamatthaṃ viditvāti piyavatthusambhavā sokadukkhadomanassādayo, asati piyavatthusmiṃ sabbaso ete na santīti etamatthaṃ sabbākārato jānitvā tadatthappakāsanaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi.

Tattha piyarūpassādagadhitāseti piyasabhāvesu rūpakkhandhādīsu sukhavedanassādena gadhitā paṭibaddhacittā. Gadhitāseti hi gadhitāiccevattho. Seti vā nipātamattaṃ. Piyarūpā nāma cakkhādayo puttadārādayo ca. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘kiñca loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ cakkhu loke …pe… dhammataṇhā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpa’’nti (cūḷani. hemakamāṇavapucchāniddesa 55).

‘‘Khettaṃ vatthuṃ hiraññaṃ vā, gavassaṃ dāsaporisaṃ;

Thiyo bandhū puthu kāme, yo naro anugijjhatī’’ti ca. (su. ni. 775);

Tasmā tesu piyarūpesu assādena giddhā mucchitā ajjhāpannāti attho. Ke pana te piyarūpassādagadhitāti te dasseti ‘‘devakāyā puthumanussā cā’’ti, cātumahārājikādayo bahudevasamūhā ceva jambudīpakādikā bahumanussā ca. Aghāvinoti kāyikacetasikadukkhena dukkhitā. Parijunnāti jarārogādivipattiyā yobbanārogyādisampattito parihīnā. Yathālābhavasena vāyamattho devamanussesu veditabbo. Atha vā kāmañcekantasukhasamappitānaṃ devānaṃ dukkhajarārogā na sambhavanti, tadanativattasabhāvatāya pana tepi ‘‘aghāvino’’ti ‘‘parijunnā’’ti ca vuttā. Tesampi vā pubbanimittuppattiyā paṭicchannajarāya cetasikarogassa ca vasena dukkhādīnaṃ sambhavo veditabbo. Maccurājassa vasaṃ gacchantīti piyavatthuvisayāya taṇhāya appahīnattā punappunaṃ gabbhūpagamanato dhātuttayissaratāya maccurājasaṅkhātassa maraṇassa vasaṃ hatthameva gacchanti.

Ettāvatā vaṭṭaṃ dassetvā idāni ‘‘ye ve divā’’tiādinā vivaṭṭaṃ dasseti. Tattha ye ve divā ca ratto ca appamattāti ‘‘divasaṃ caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodhetī’’tiādinā vuttanayena divasabhāge rattibhāge ca daḷhaṃ appamattā appamādappaṭipadaṃ pūrenti. Jahanti piyarūpanti catusaccakammaṭṭhānabhāvanaṃ ussukkāpetvā ariyamaggādhigamena piyarūpaṃ piyajātikaṃ cakkhādipiyavatthuṃ tappaṭibaddhachandarāgajahanena jahanti. Te ve khaṇanti aghamūlaṃ, maccuno āmisaṃ durativattanti te ariyapuggalā aghassa vaṭṭadukkhassa mūlabhūtaṃ, maccunā maraṇena āmasitabbato āmisaṃ, ito bahiddhā kehicipi samaṇabrāhmaṇehi nivattituṃ asakkuṇeyyatāya durativattaṃ, saha avijjāya taṇhaṃ ariyamaggañāṇakudālena khaṇanti, lesamattampi anavasesantā ummūlayantīti. Svāyamattho –

‘‘Appamādo amatapadaṃ, pamādo maccuno padaṃ;

Appamattā na mīyanti, ye pamattā yathā matā’’ti. (dha. pa. 21) –

Ādīhi suttapadehi vitthāretabboti.

Sattamasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

8. Suppavāsāsuttavaṇṇanā

18. Aṭṭhame kuṇḍikāyanti evaṃnāmake koliyānaṃ nagare. Kuṇḍadhānavaneti tassa nagarassa avidūre kuṇḍadhānasaṅkhāte vane.

Pubbe kira kuṇḍo nāma eko yakkho tasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe vāsaṃ kappesi, kuṇḍadhānamissakena ca balikammena tussatīti tassa tathā tattha baliṃ upaharanti, tenetaṃ vanasaṇḍaṃ kuṇḍadhānavanantveva paññāyittha. Tassa avidūre ekā gāmapatikā ahosi, sāpi tassa yakkhassa āṇāpavattiṭṭhāne niviṭṭhattā teneva paripālitattā kuṇḍikāti voharīyittha. Aparabhāge tattha koliyarājāno nagaraṃ kāresuṃ, tampi purimavohārena kuṇḍikātveva vuccati. Tasmiñca vanasaṇḍe koliyarājāno bhagavato bhikkhusaṅghassa ca vasanatthāya vihāraṃ patiṭṭhāpesuṃ, tampi kuṇḍadhānavanantveva paññāyittha. Atha bhagavā janapadacārikaṃ caranto anukkamena taṃ vihāraṃ patvā tattha vihāsi. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kuṇḍikāyaṃ viharati kuṇḍadhānavane’’ti.

Suppavāsāti tassā upāsikāya nāmaṃ. Koliyadhītāti koliyarājaputtī. Sā hi bhagavato aggupaṭṭhāyikā paṇītadāyikānaṃ sāvikānaṃ etadagge ṭhapitā sotāpannā ariyasāvikā. Yañhi kiñci bhagavato yuttarūpaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ bhesajjaṃ vā na tattha aññāhi saṃvidhātabbaṃ atthi, sabbaṃ taṃ sayameva attano paññāya vicāretvā sakkaccaṃ sampādetvā upaneti. Devasikañca aṭṭhasataṃ saṅghabhattapāṭipuggalikabhattāni deti. Yo koci bhikkhu vā bhikkhunī vā taṃ kulaṃ piṇḍāya paviṭṭho rittahattho na gacchati. Evaṃ muttacāgā payatapāṇī vossaggaratā yācayogā dānasaṃvibhāgaratā. Assā kucchiyaṃ purimabuddhesu katādhikāro pacchimabhaviko sāvakabodhisatto paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi. Sā taṃ gabbhaṃ kenacideva pāpakammena satta vassāni kucchinā parihari, sattāhañca mūḷhagabbhā ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘satta vassāni gabbhaṃ dhāreti sattāhaṃ mūḷhagabbhā’’ti.

Tattha satta vassānīti satta saṃvaccharāni, accantasaṃyoge ca idaṃ upayogavacanaṃ. Gabbhaṃ dhāretīti gabbhaṃ vahati, gabbhinī hotīti attho. Sattāhaṃ mūḷhagabbhāti satta ahāni byākulagabbhā. Gabbho hi paripakko sampajjamāno vijāyanakāle kammajavātehi sañcāletvā parivattito uddhaṃpādo adhosiro hutvā yonimukhābhimukho hoti, evaṃ so katthaci alaggo bahi nikkhamati. Vipajjamāno pana viparivattanavasena yonimaggaṃ pidahitvā tiriyaṃ nipajjati, sayameva vā yonimaggo pidahati, so tattha kammajavātehi aparāparaṃ parivattamāno byākulo mūḷhagabbhoti vuccati. Tassāpi satta divase evaṃ ahosi, tena vuttaṃ ‘‘sattāhaṃ mūḷhagabbhā’’ti.

Ayañca gabbho sīvalitthero. Tassa kathaṃ satta vassāni gabbhavāsadukkhaṃ, sattāhaṃ mūḷhagabbhabhāvappatti, mātu cassāpi sotāpannāya ariyasāvikāya tathā dukkhānubhavanaṃ jātanti? Vuccate – atīte kāsikarāje bārāṇasiyaṃ rajjaṃ kārente eko kosalarājā mahantena balenāgantvā bārāṇasiṃ gahetvā taṃ rājānaṃ māretvā tassa aggamahesiṃ attano aggamahesiṃ akāsi. Bārāṇasirañño pana putto pitu maraṇakāle niddhamanadvārena palāyitvā attano ñātimittabandhave ekajjhaṃ katvā anukkamena balaṃ saṃharitvā bārāṇasiṃ āgantvā avidūre mahantaṃ khandhāvāraṃ bandhitvā tassa rañño paṇṇaṃ pesesi ‘‘rajjaṃ vā detu, yuddhaṃ vā’’ti. Rājakumārassa mātā sāsanaṃ sutvā ‘‘yuddhena kammaṃ natthi, sabbadisāsu sañcāraṃ pacchinditvā bārāṇasinagaraṃ parivāretu, tato dārūdakabhattaparikkhayena kilantā nagare manussā vināva yuddhena rājānaṃ gahetvā dassantī’’ti paṇṇaṃ pesesi. So mātu sāsanaṃ sutvā cattāri mahādvārāni rakkhanto satta vassāni nagaraṃ uparundhi, nagare manussā cūḷadvārena nikkhamitvā dārūdakāni āharanti, sabbakiccāni karonti.

Atha rājakumārassa mātā taṃ pavattiṃ sutvā ‘‘bālo mama putto upāyaṃ na jānāti, gacchatha, assa cūḷadvārāni pidhāya nagaraṃ uparundhatūti vadethā’’ti puttassa gūḷhasāsanaṃ pahiṇi. So mātu sāsanaṃ sutvā satta divase tathā akāsi. Nāgarā bahi nikkhamituṃ alabhantā sattame divase tassa rañño sīsaṃ gahetvā kumārassa adaṃsu. Kumāro nagaraṃ pavisitvā rajjaṃ aggahesi. So tadā satta vassāni nagararundhanakammanissandena etarahi satta vassāni mātukucchisaṅkhātāya lohitakumbhiyā vasi, avasesato pana sattāhaṃ nagarūparundhanena sattāhaṃ mūḷhagabbhabhāvaṃ āpajji. Jātakaṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana ‘‘satta divasāni nagaraṃ rundhitvā gahitakammanissandena sattavassāni lohitakumbhiyaṃ vasitvā sattāhaṃ mūḷhagabbhabhāvaṃ āpajjī’’ti vuttaṃ. Yaṃ pana so padumuttarasammāsambuddhapādamūle ‘‘lābhīnaṃ aggo bhaveyya’’nti mahādānaṃ datvā patthanaṃ akāsi, yañca vipassissa bhagavato kāle nāgarehi saddhiṃ sahassagghanikaṃ guḷadadhiṃ datvā patthanaṃ akāsi, tassānubhāvena lābhīnaṃ aggo jāto. Suppavāsāpi ‘‘nagaraṃ rundhitvā gaṇha, tātā’’ti pesitabhāvena satta vassāni kucchinā gabbhaṃ pariharitvā sattāhaṃ mūḷhagabbhājātā. Evaṃ te mātāputtā attano kammassa anurūpaṃ īdisaṃ dukkhaṃ paṭisaṃvediṃsu.

Tīhi vitakkehīti ratanattayaguṇānussatipaṭisaṃyuttehi tīhi sammāvitakkehi. Adhivāsetīti mūḷhagabbhatāya uppannadukkhaṃ sahati. Sā hi bhagavato sambuddhabhāvaṃ, ariyasaṅghassa suppaṭipattiṃ, nibbānassa ca dukkhanissaraṇabhāvaṃ anussarantī attano uppajjamānadukkhaṃ amanasikaraṇeneva abhibhavitvā khamati. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘tīhi vitakkehi adhivāsetī’’ti.

Sammāsambuddho vatātiādi tesaṃ vitakkānaṃ pavattiākāradassanaṃ. Tassattho – yo bhagyavantatādīhi kāraṇehi bhagavā lokanātho sammā aviparītaṃ sāmaṃ sayameva sabbadhamme aho vata buddho, so bhagavā evarūpassa etarahi mayā anubhaviyamānassa aññassa ca evaṃjātikassa sakalassa vaṭṭadukkhassa pahānāya accantaṃ anuppādanirodhāya dhammaṃ katheti, aviparītadhammaṃ katheti. Aviparītadhammadesanatāya hi satthu sammāsambodhisiddhi. Tassa yathāvuttaguṇassa bhagavato dhammassavanante jātattā sīladiṭṭhisāmaññena saṃhatattā ca sāvakasaṅghoti laddhanāmo aṭṭhaariyapuggalasamūho suppaṭipanno vata aho vata sammā paṭipanno, yo ariyasaṅgho evarūpassa īdisassa vaṭṭadukkhassa pahānāya anuppādanirodhāya anivattipaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno. Susukhaṃ vata aho vata suṭṭhu sukhaṃ sabbasaṅkhatanissaṭaṃ nibbānaṃ, yasmiṃ nibbāne īdisaṃ vaṭṭadukkhaṃ na upalabbhatīti. Ettha ca paṭipajjamānāpi paṭipannā icceva vuttā paṭipattiyā anivattibhāvato. Atha vā uppannasaddo viya paṭipannasaddo vattamānatthopi veditabbo. Tenevāha ‘‘sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno’’ti.

Sāmikanti attano patiṃ koliyarājaputtaṃ. Āmantesīti abhāsi. Mama vacanena bhagavato pāde sirasā vandāhīti mayhaṃ vacanena cakkalakkhaṇappaṭimaṇḍitāni vikasitapadumasassirīkāni bhagavato caraṇāni tava sirasā vandāhi, uttamaṅgena abhivādanaṃ karohīti attho. Appābādhantiādīsu ābādhoti visabhāgavedanā vuccati, yā ekadese uppajjitvāpi sakalasarīraṃ ayapaṭṭena ābandhitvā viya gaṇhati. Ātaṅkoti kicchajīvitakaro rogo. Atha vā yāpetabbarogo ātaṅko, itaro ābādho. Khuddako vā rogo ātaṅko, balavā ābādho. Keci pana ‘‘ajjhattasamuṭṭhāno ābādho, bahiddhāsamuṭṭhāno ātaṅko’’ti vadanti. Tadubhayassāpi abhāvaṃ pucchāti vadati. Gilānasseva ca uṭṭhānaṃ nāma garukaṃ hoti, kāye balaṃ na hoti, tasmā niggelaññatāya lahuparivattisaṅkhātaṃ kāyassa lahuṭṭhānaṃ sarīrabalañca pucchāti vadati. Phāsuvihāranti ṭhānanisinnagamanasayanasaṅkhātesu catūsu iriyāpathesu sukhavihārañca pucchāti vadati. Athassa pucchitabbākāraṃ dassentī ‘‘suppavāsā, bhante’’tiādimāha. Evañca vadehīti idāni vattabbākāraṃ nidasseti.

Paramanti vacanasampaṭicchanaṃ. Tena sādhu, bhadde, yathā vuttaṃ, tathā paṭipajjāmīti dasseti. Koliyaputtoti suppavāsāya sāmiko koliyarājaputto. Sukhinī hotūti sadevake loke aggadakkhiṇeyyo satthā suppavāsāya pesitavandanaṃ sampaṭicchitvā tadanantaraṃ attano mettāvihārasaṃsūcakaṃ buddhāciṇṇaṃ sukhūpasaṃhāraṃ tassā sāmaññato pakāsetvā puna tassā puttassa ca gabbhavipattimūlakadukkhuppattipaṭikkhepamukhena sukhūpasaṃhāraṃ nidassento ‘‘sukhinī…pe… arogā, arogaṃ puttaṃ vijāyatū’’ti āha.

Saha vacanāti bhagavato vacanena saheva. Yasmiṃ kāle bhagavā tathā avoca, tasmiṃyeva kāle tampi kammaṃ parikkhayaṃ agamāsi. Tassa parikkhīṇabhāvaṃ oloketvā satthā tathā abhāsi. Apare pana vadanti – sace tathā satthā nācikkhissā, tato parampi kiñci kālaṃ tassā taṃ dukkhaṃ anubandhissā. Yasmā pana bhagavatā ‘‘sukhinī arogā arogañca puttaṃ vijāyatū’’ti vuttaṃ, tasmā tassa vacanasamakālameva so gabbho byākulabhāvaṃ vijahitvā sukheneva bahi nikkhami, evaṃ tesaṃ mātāputtānaṃ sotthi ahosi. Acinteyyo hi buddhānaṃ buddhānubhāvo. Yathā hi paṭācārāya piyavippayogasambhūtena sokena ummādaṃ patvā –

‘‘Ubho puttā kālakatā, panthe mayhaṃ patī mato;

Mātā pitā ca bhātā ca, ekacitakamhi jhāyare’’ti. (apa. therī 2.2.498) –

Vatvā jātarūpeneva carantiyā ‘‘satiṃ paṭilabhāhi bhaginī’’ti bhagavato vacanasamanantarameva ummādo vūpasami, tathā suppiyāpi upāsikā attanāva attano ūruyaṃ katena mahāvaṇena vuṭṭhātuṃ asakkontī sayanapiṭṭhe nipannā ‘‘āgantvā maṃ vandatū’’ti vacanasamanantarameva vaṇe pākatike jāte sayameva gantvā bhagavantaṃ vandīti evamādīni vatthūni idha udāharitabbānīti.

Evaṃ, bhanteti, bhante, yathā bhagavā saputtāya mātuyā arogabhāvaṃ āsīsanto āha – ‘‘sukhinī arogā arogaṃ puttaṃ vijāyatū’’ti, taṃ evameva. Na hi kadāci buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ vacanassa aññathābhāvoti adhippāyo. Keci pana ‘‘evamatthū’’ti vadanti, apare ‘‘hotū’’ti padassa atthaṃ ānetvā vaṇṇayanti. Abhinanditvāti karavīkarutamañjunā brahmassarena bhagavatā vuccamāne tasmiṃ vacane pītisomanassapaṭilābhato abhimukhabhāvena nanditvā. Anumoditvāti tato pacchāpi sammodanaṃ uppādetvā, cittena vā abhinanditvā vācāya anumoditvā, vacanasampattiyā vā abhinanditvā atthasampattiyā anumoditvā. Sakaṃ gharaṃ paccāyāsīti attano gharaṃ paṭigacchi. Ye pana ‘‘yena sakaṃ ghara’’nti paṭhanti, tesaṃ yadipi ya-ta-saddānaṃ sambandhabhāvato ‘‘tenā’’ti padaṃ vuttameva hoti, tathāpi ‘‘paṭiyāyitvā’’ti pāṭhaseso yojetabbo hoti.

Vijātanti pajātaṃ, pasutanti attho. Acchariyanti andhassa pabbatārohanaṃ viya niccaṃ na hotīti acchariyaṃ, ayaṃ tāva saddanayo. Aṭṭhakathāsu pana ‘‘accharāyoggaṃ acchariya’’nti vuttaṃ, accharaṃ paharituṃ yuttanti attho. Vatāti sambhāvane, aho acchariyanti attho. Bhoti dhammālapanaṃ. Abhūtapubbaṃ bhūtanti abbhutaṃ.

Tathāgatassāti aṭṭhahi kāraṇehi bhagavā tathāgato – tathā āgatoti tathāgato, tathā gatoti tathāgato, tathalakkhaṇaṃ āgatoti tathāgato, tathadhamme yāthāvato abhisambuddhoti tathāgato, tathadassitāya tathāgato, tathavāditāya tathāgato, tathākāritāya tathāgato, abhibhavanaṭṭhena tathāgato.

Kathaṃ bhagavā tathā āgatoti tathāgato? Yathā sabbalokahitāya ussukkamāpannā purimakā sammāsambuddhā āgatāti. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Yena abhinīhārena te bhagavanto āgatā, tena aṭṭhaguṇasamannāgatena ayampi bhagavā āgato. Yathā ca te bhagavanto dānapāramiṃ pūretvā sīlanekkhammapaññāvīriyakhantisaccaadhiṭṭhānamettāupekkhāpāramīti imā dasa pāramiyo, dasa upapāramiyo, dasa paramatthapāramiyoti samatiṃsa pāramiyo pūretvā pañca mahāpariccāge pariccajitvā pubbayogapubbacariyadhammakkhānañātatthacariyādayo pūretvā buddhicariyāya koṭiṃ patvā āgatā, tathā ayampi bhagavā āgato. Yathā ca te bhagavanto cattāro satipaṭṭhāne…pe… ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ bhāvetvā brūhetvā āgatā, tathā ayampi bhagavā āgato. Evaṃ tathā āgatoti tathāgato.

Kathaṃ tathā gatoti tathāgato? Yathā sampatijātā te bhagavanto samehi pādehi pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāya uttarābhimukhā sattapadavītihārena gatā, setacchatte dhāriyamāne sabbāva disā anuvilokesuṃ, āsabhiñca vācaṃ bhāsiṃsu loke attano jeṭṭhaseṭṭhabhāvaṃ pakāsentā, tañca nesaṃ gamanaṃ tathaṃ ahosi avitathaṃ anekesaṃ visesādhigamānaṃ pubbanimittabhāvena, tathā ayampi bhagavā gato, tañcassa gamanaṃ kathaṃ ahosi avitathaṃ tesaññeva visesādhigamānaṃ pubbanimittabhāvena. Evaṃ tathā gatoti tathāgato.

Yathā vā te bhagavanto nekkhammena kāmacchandaṃ pahāya gatā, abyāpādena byāpādaṃ, ālokasaññāya thinamiddhaṃ, avikkhepena uddhaccakukkuccaṃ, dhammavavatthānena vicikicchaṃ pahāya gatā, ñāṇena avijjaṃ padāletvā, pāmojjena aratiṃ vinodetvā, aṭṭhasamāpattīhi aṭṭhārasahi mahāvipassanāhi catūhi ca ariyamaggehi taṃ taṃ paṭipakkhaṃ pahāya gatā, evaṃ ayampi bhagavā gato. Evampi tathā gatoti tathāgato.

Kathaṃ tathalakkhaṇaṃ āgatoti tathāgato? Pathavīdhātuyā kakkhaḷalakkhaṇaṃ, āpodhātuyā paggharaṇalakkhaṇaṃ, tejodhātuyā uṇhattalakkhaṇaṃ, vāyodhātuyā vitthambhanalakkhaṇaṃ, ākāsadhātuyā asamphuṭṭhalakkhaṇaṃ, rūpassa ruppanalakkhaṇaṃ, vedanāya vedayitalakkhaṇaṃ, saññāya sañjānanalakkhaṇaṃ, saṅkhārānaṃ abhisaṅkharaṇalakkhaṇaṃ, viññāṇassa vijānanalakkhaṇanti evaṃ pañcannaṃ khandhānaṃ, dvādasannaṃ āyatanānaṃ, aṭṭhārasannaṃ dhātūnaṃ, bāvīsatiyā indriyānaṃ, catunnaṃ saccānaṃ, dvādasapadikassa paccayākārassa, catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ, catunnaṃ sammappadhānānaṃ, catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ, pañcannaṃ indriyānaṃ, pañcannaṃ balānaṃ, sattannaṃ bojjhaṅgānaṃ, ariyassa aṭṭhaṅgikassa maggassa, sattannaṃ visuddhīnaṃ, amatogadhassa nibbānassāti evaṃ tassa tassa dhammassa yaṃ sabhāvasarasalakkhaṇaṃ, taṃ tathaṃ avitathaṃ anaññathaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ ñāṇagatiyā āgato avirajjhitvā patto adhigatoti tathāgato. Evaṃ tathalakkhaṇaṃ āgatoti tathāgato.

Kathaṃ tathadhamme yāthāvato abhisambuddhoti tathāgato? Tathadhammā nāma cattāri ariyasaccāni. Yathāha – ‘‘cattārimāni, bhikkhave, tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni. Katamāni cattāri? Idaṃ dukkhanti, bhikkhave, tathametaṃ avitathametaṃ anaññathameta’’nti (saṃ. ni. 5.1090) vitthāro. Tāni ca bhagavā abhisambuddho, tasmā tathānaṃ abhisambuddhattā tathāgato.

Apica jarāmaraṇassa jātipaccayasambhūtasamudāgataṭṭho tatho avitatho anaññatho…pe… saṅkhārānaṃ avijjāpaccayasambhūtasamudāgataṭṭho tatho avitatho anaññatho, tathā avijjāya saṅkhārānaṃ paccayaṭṭho…pe... jātiyā jarāmaraṇassa paccayaṭṭho tatho avitatho anaññatho, taṃ sabbaṃ bhagavā abhisambuddho, tasmāpi tathānaṃ abhisambuddhattā tathāgato. Abhisambuddhattho hi ettha gatasaddoti. Evaṃ tathadhamme yāthāvato abhisambuddhoti tathāgato.

Kathaṃ tathadassitāya tathāgato? Yaṃ sadevake…pe… sadevamanussāya pajāya aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu aparimāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ cakkhudvāre āpāthamāgacchantaṃ rūpārammaṇaṃ nāma atthi, taṃ bhagavā sabbākārato jānāti passati. Evaṃ jānatā passatā ca tena taṃ iṭṭhāniṭṭhādivasena vā diṭṭhasutamutaviññātesu labbhamānakapadavasena vā ‘‘katamaṃ taṃ rūpaṃ rūpāyatanaṃ, yaṃ rūpaṃ catunnaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ upādāya vaṇṇanibhā sanidassanaṃ sappaṭighaṃ nīlaṃ pītaka’’ntiādinā (dha. sa. 616) nayena anekehi nāmehi terasahi vārehi dvipaññāsāya nayehi vibhajjamānaṃ tathameva hoti, vitathaṃ natthi. Esa nayo sotadvārādīsu āpāthamāgacchantesu saddādīsu. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –

‘‘Yaṃ, bhikkhave, sadevakassa lokassa…pe… sadevamanussāya diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ mutaṃ viññātaṃ pattaṃ pariyesitaṃ anuvicaritaṃ manasā, tamahaṃ jānāmi, tamahaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ, taṃ tathāgatassa viditaṃ, taṃ tathāgato na upaṭṭhāsī’’ti (a. ni. 4.24).

Evaṃ tathadassitāya tathāgato. Tattha tathadassīatthe tathāgatoti padasambhavo veditabbo.

Kathaṃ tathavāditāya tathāgato? Yaṃ rattiṃ bhagavā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho, yañca rattiṃ anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyi, etthantare pañcacattālīsavassaparimāṇakālaṃ yaṃ bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ suttageyyādi, sabbaṃ taṃ parisuddhaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ rāgamadādinimmathanaṃ ekasadisaṃ tathaṃ avitathaṃ. Tenāha –

‘‘Yañca, cunda, rattiṃ tathāgato anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhati, yañca rattiṃ anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyati, yaṃ etasmiṃ antare bhāsati lapati niddisati, sabbaṃ taṃ tatheva hoti, no aññathā, tasmā ‘tathāgato’ti vuccatī’’ti (dī. ni. 3.188).

Gadaattho ettha gatasaddo. Evaṃ tathavāditāya tathāgato.

Apica āgadanaṃ āgado, vacananti attho. Tatho avitatho aviparīto āgado assāti dakārassa takāraṃ katvā tathāgatoti evamettha padasiddhi veditabbā.

Kathaṃ tathākāritāya tathāgato? Bhagavato hi vācāya kāyo anulometi, kāyassapi vācā, tasmā yathāvādī tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī ca hoti. Evaṃbhūtassa cassa yathāvācā, kāyopi tathā gato pavattoti attho. Yathā ca kāyo, vācāpi tathā gatā pavattāti tathāgato. Tenāha –

‘‘Yathāvādī, bhikkhave, tathāgato tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī. Iti yathāvādī tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī. Tasmā ‘tathāgato’ti vuccatī’’ti (a. ni. 4.23).

Evaṃ tathākāritāya tathāgato.

Kathaṃ abhibhavanaṭṭhena tathāgato? Yasmā upari bhavaggaṃ heṭṭhā avīciṃ pariyantaṃ karitvā tiriyaṃ aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu sabbasatte abhibhavati sīlenapi samādhināpi paññāyapi vimuttiyāpi vimuttiñāṇadassanenapi, na tassa tulā vā pamāṇaṃ vā atthi, atha kho atulo appameyyo anuttaro devadevo sakkānaṃ atisakko, brahmānaṃ atibrahmā sabbasattuttamo, tasmā tathāgato. Tenāha –

‘‘Sadevake, bhikkhave, loke…pe… sadevamanussāya tathāgato abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavatti, tasmā ‘tathāgato’ti vuccatī’’ti (a. ni. 4.23).

Tatrāyaṃ padasiddhi – agado viya agado, desanāvilāso ceva puññussayo ca. Tena so mahānubhāvo bhisakko viya dibbāgadena sappe sabbaparappavādino sadevakañca lokaṃ abhibhavati. Iti sabbalokābhibhavane tatho avitatho aviparīto yathāvuttova agado etassāti dakārassa takāraṃ katvā tathāgatoti veditabbo. Evaṃ abhibhavanaṭṭhena tathāgato.

Apica tathāya gatoti tathāgato, tathaṃ gatoti tathāgato. Tattha sakalalokaṃ tīraṇapariññāya tathāya gato avagatoti tathāgato. Lokasamudayaṃ pahānapariññāya tathāya gato atītoti tathāgato. Lokanirodhaṃ sacchikiriyāya tathāya gato adhigatoti tathāgato. Lokanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ tathaṃ gato paṭipannoti tathāgato. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –

‘‘Loko, bhikkhave, tathāgatena abhisambuddho, lokasmā tathāgato visaṃyutto. Lokasamudayo, bhikkhave, tathāgatena abhisambuddho, lokasamudayo tathāgatassa pahīno, lokanirodho, bhikkhave, tathāgatena abhisambuddho, lokanirodho tathāgatassa sacchikato. Lokanirodhagāminī paṭipadā, bhikkhave, tathāgatena abhisambuddhā, lokanirodhagāminī paṭipadā tathāgatassa bhāvitā. Yaṃ, bhikkhave, sadevakassa lokassa…pe… sabbaṃ taṃ tathāgatena abhisambuddhaṃ. Tasmā ‘tathāgato’ti vuccatī’’ti (a. ni. 4.23).

Aparehipi aṭṭhahi kāraṇehi bhagavā tathāgato – tathāya āgatoti tathāgato, tathāya gatoti tathāgato, tathāni āgatoti tathāgato, tathā gatoti tathāgato, tathāvidhoti tathāgato, tathā pavattitoti tathāgato, tathehi agatoti tathāgato, tathā gatabhāvena tathāgato.

Kathaṃ tathāya āgatoti tathāgato? Yā sā bhagavatā sumedhabhūtena dīpaṅkaradasabalassa pādamūle –

‘‘Manussattaṃ liṅgasampatti, hetu satthāradassanaṃ,

Pabbajjā guṇasampatti, adhikāro ca chandatā;

Aṭṭhadhammasamodhānā, abhinīhāro samijjhatī’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.59) –

Evaṃ vuttaṃ aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ abhinīhāraṃ sampādentena ‘‘ahaṃ sadevakaṃ lokaṃ tiṇṇo tāressāmi, mutto mocessāmi, danto damessāmi, santo samessāmi, assattho assāsessāmi, parinibbuto parinibbāpessāmi, buddho bodhessāmī’’ti mahāpaṭiññā pavattitā. Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘Kiṃ me ekena tiṇṇena, purisena thāmadassinā;

Sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇitvā, santāressaṃ sadevakaṃ.

‘‘Iminā me adhikārena, katena purisuttame;

Sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇitvā, tāremi janataṃ bahuṃ.

‘‘Saṃsārasotaṃ chinditvā, viddhaṃsetvā tayo bhave;

Dhammanāvaṃ samāruyha, santāressaṃ sadevakaṃ.

‘‘Kiṃ me aññātavesena, dhammaṃ sacchikatenidha;

Sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇitvā, buddho hessaṃ sadevake’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.55-58);

Taṃ panetaṃ mahāpaṭiññaṃ sakalassāpi buddhakaradhammasamudāyassa pavicaya paccavekkhaṇasamādānānaṃ kāraṇabhūtaṃ avisaṃvādetvā lokanāyako yasmā mahākappānaṃ satasahassādhikāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni sakkaccaṃ nirantaraṃ niravasesato dānapāramiādayo samatiṃsapāramiyo pūretvā, aṅgapariccāgādayo pañca mahāpariccāge pariccajitvā, saccādhiṭṭhānādīni cattāri adhiṭṭhānāni paribrūhetvā, puññañāṇasambhāre sambharitvā, pubbayogapubbacariyadhammakkhānañātatthacariyādayo ukkaṃsāpetvā, buddhicariyaṃ paramakoṭiṃ pāpetvā, anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhi, tasmā tasseva sā mahāpaṭiññā tathā avitathā anaññathā, na tassa vālaggamattampi vitathaṃ atthi. Tathā hi dīpaṅkaradasabalo koṇḍañño maṅgalo…pe… kassapo bhagavāti ime catuvīsati sammāsambuddhā paṭipāṭiyā uppannā ‘‘buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākariṃsu. Evaṃ catuvīsatiyā buddhānaṃ santike laddhabyākaraṇo ye te katābhinīhārehi bodhisattehi laddhabbā ānisaṃsā, te labhitvāva āgatoti tāya yathāvuttāya mahāpaṭiññāya tathāya abhisambuddhabhāvaṃ āgato adhigatoti tathāgato. Evaṃ tathāya āgatoti tathāgato.

Kathaṃ tathāya gatoti tathāgato? Yāya mahākaruṇāya lokanātho mahādukkhasambādhappaṭipannaṃ sattanikāyaṃ disvā ‘‘tassa natthañño koci paṭissaraṇaṃ, ahameva namito saṃsāradukkhato mutto mocessāmī’’ti samussāhitamānaso mahābhinīhāramakāsi. Katvā ca yathāpaṇidhānaṃ sakalalokahitasampādanāya ussukkamāpanno attano kāyajīvitanirapekkho paresaṃ sotapathāgamanamattenapi cittutrāsasamuppādikā atidukkarā dukkaracariyā samācaranto yathā mahābodhiyā paṭipatti hānabhāgiyā saṃkilesabhāgiyā ṭhitibhāgiyā vā na hoti, atha kho uttaruttari visesabhāgiyāva hoti, tathā paṭipajjamāno anupubbena niravasese bodhisambhāre sampādetvā abhisambodhiṃ pāpuṇi. Tato parañca tāyeva mahākaruṇāya sañcoditamānaso pavivekaratiṃ paramañca santaṃ vimokkhasukhaṃ pahāya bālajanabahule loke tehi samuppāditaṃ sammānāvamānavippakāraṃ agaṇetvā vineyyajanassa vinayanena niravasesaṃ buddhakiccaṃ niṭṭhapesi. Tattha yo bhagavato sattesu mahākaruṇāya samokkamanākāro, so parato āvibhavissati. Yathā ca buddhabhūtassa lokanāthassa sattesu mahākaruṇā, evaṃ bodhisattabhūtassapi mahābhinīhārakālādīsūti sabbattha sabbadā ca ekasadisatāya tathā avitathā anaññathā, tasmā tīsupi avatthāsu sabbasattesu samānarasāya tathāya mahākaruṇāya sakalalokahitāya gato paṭipannoti tathāgato. Evaṃ tathāya gatoti tathāgato.

Kathaṃ tathāni āgatoti tathāgato? Tathāni nāma cattāri ariyamaggañāṇāni. Tāni hi idaṃ dukkhaṃ, ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo, ayaṃ dukkhanirodho, ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadāti evaṃ sabbañeyyadhammasaṅgāhakānaṃ pavattinivattitadubhayahetubhūtānaṃ catunnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho saṅkhataṭṭho santāpaṭṭho vipariṇāmaṭṭho, samudayassa āyūhanaṭṭho nidānaṭṭho saṃyogaṭṭho palibodhaṭṭho, nirodhassa nissaraṇaṭṭho vivekaṭṭho asaṅkhataṭṭho amataṭṭho, maggassa niyyānaṭṭho hetvaṭṭho dassanaṭṭho ādhipateyyaṭṭhotiādīnaṃ tabbibhāgānañca yathābhūtasabhāvāvabodhavibandhakassa saṃkilesapakkhassa samucchindanena paṭiladdhāya tattha asammohābhisamayasaṅkhātāya aviparītākārappavattiyā dhammānaṃ sabhāvasarasalakkhaṇassa avisaṃvādanato tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni, tāni bhagavā anaññaneyyo sayameva āgato adhigato, tasmā tathāni āgatoti tathāgato.

Yathā ca maggañāṇāni, evaṃ bhagavato tīsu kālesu appaṭihatañāṇāni catupaṭisambhidāñāṇāni catuvesārajjañāṇāni pañcagatiparicchedañāṇāni chaasādhāraṇañāṇāni sattabojjhaṅgavibhāvanañāṇāni aṭṭhamaggaṅgavibhāvanañāṇāni navānupubbavihārasamāpattiñāṇāni dasabalañāṇāni ca tathabhāve veditabbāni.

Tatrāyaṃ vibhāvanā – yañhi kiñci aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu aparimāṇānaṃ sattānaṃ hīnādibhedabhinnāsu atītāsu khandhāyatanadhātūsu sabhāvakiccādi avatthāvisesādi khandhappaṭibaddhanāmagottādi ca jānitabbaṃ. Anindriyabaddhesu ca atisukhumatirohitavidūradesesupi rūpadhammesu yo taṃtaṃpaccayavisesehi saddhiṃ paccayuppannānaṃ vaṇṇasaṇṭhānagandharasaphassādiviseso, tattha sabbattheva hatthatale ṭhapitaāmalake viya paccakkhato appaṭihataṃ bhagavato ñāṇaṃ pavattati, tathā anāgatāsu paccuppannāsu cāti imāni tīsu kālesu appaṭihatañāṇāni nāma. Yathāha –

‘‘Atītaṃse buddhassa bhagavato appaṭihataṃ ñāṇaṃ, anāgataṃse buddhassa bhagavato appaṭihataṃ ñāṇaṃ, paccuppannaṃse buddhassa bhagavato appaṭihataṃ ñāṇa’’nti (paṭi. ma. 3.5).

Tāni panetāni tattha tattha dhammānaṃ sabhāvasarasalakkhaṇassa avisaṃvādanato tathāni avitathāni anaññathāni, tāni bhagavā sayambhūñāṇena adhigañchīti. Evampi tathāni āgatoti tathāgato.

Tathā atthappaṭisambhidā dhammappaṭisambhidā niruttippaṭisambhidā paṭibhānappaṭisambhidāti catasso paṭisambhidā. Tattha atthappabhedassa sallakkhaṇavibhāvanavavatthānakaraṇasamatthaṃ atthappabhedagataṃ ñāṇaṃ atthappaṭisambhidā. Dhammappabhedassa sallakkhaṇavibhāvanavavatthānakaraṇasamatthaṃ dhammappabhedagataṃ ñāṇaṃ dhammappaṭisambhidā. Niruttippabhedassa sallakkhaṇavibhāvanavavatthānakaraṇasamatthaṃ niruttābhilāpe pabhedagataṃ ñāṇaṃ niruttippaṭisambhidā. Paṭibhānappabhedassa sallakkhaṇavibhāvanavavatthānakaraṇasamatthaṃ paṭibhānappabhedagataṃ ñāṇaṃ paṭibhānappaṭisambhidā. Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘Atthe ñāṇaṃ atthappaṭisambhidā, dhamme ñāṇaṃ dhammappaṭisambhidā, tatra dhammaniruttābhilāpe ñāṇaṃ niruttippaṭisambhidā, ñāṇesu ñāṇaṃ paṭibhānappaṭisambhidā’’ti (vibha. 718-721).