Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa

Khuddakanikāye

Udāna-aṭṭhakathā

Ganthārambhakathā

Mahākāruṇikaṃ nāthaṃ, ñeyyasāgarapāraguṃ;

Vande nipuṇagambhīra-vicitranayadesanaṃ.

Vijjācaraṇasampannā, yena nīyanti lokato;

Vande tamuttamaṃ dhammaṃ, sammāsambuddhapūjitaṃ.

Sīlādiguṇasampanno, ṭhito maggaphalesu yo;

Vande ariyasaṅghaṃ taṃ, puññakkhettaṃ anuttaraṃ.

Vandanājanitaṃ puññaṃ, iti yaṃ ratanattaye;

Hatantarāyo sabbattha, hutvāhaṃ tassa tejasā.

Tena tena nidānena, desitāni hitesinā;

Yāni suddhāpadānena, udānāni mahesinā.

Tāni sabbāni ekajjhaṃ, āropentehi saṅgahaṃ;

Udānaṃ nāma saṅgītaṃ, dhammasaṅgāhakehi yaṃ.

Jinassa dhammasaṃvega-pāmojjaparidīpanaṃ;

Somanassasamuṭṭhāna-gāthāhi paṭimaṇḍitaṃ.

Tassa gambhīrañāṇehi, ogāhetabbabhāvato;

Kiñcāpi dukkarā kātuṃ, atthasaṃvaṇṇanā mayā.

Sahasaṃvaṇṇanaṃ yasmā, dharate satthusāsanaṃ;

Pubbācariyasīhānaṃ, tiṭṭhateva vinicchayo.

Tasmā taṃ avalambitvā, ogāhetvāna pañcapi;

Nikāye upanissāya, porāṇaṭṭhakathānayaṃ.

Suvisuddhaṃ asaṃkiṇṇaṃ, nipuṇatthavinicchayaṃ;

Mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ, samayaṃ avilomayaṃ.

Punappunāgataṃ atthaṃ, vajjayitvāna sādhukaṃ;

Yathābalaṃ karissāmi, udānassatthavaṇṇanaṃ.

Iti ākaṅkhamānassa, saddhammassa ciraṭṭhitiṃ;

Vibhajantassa tassatthaṃ, sādhu gaṇhantu sādhavoti.

Tattha udānanti kenaṭṭhena udānaṃ? Udānanaṭṭhena. Kimidaṃ udānaṃ nāma? Pītivegasamuṭṭhāpito udāhāro. Yathā hi yaṃ telādi minitabbavatthu mānaṃ gahetuṃ na sakkoti, vissanditvā gacchati, taṃ ‘‘avaseko’’ti vuccati. Yañca jalaṃ taḷākaṃ gahetuṃ na sakkoti, ajjhottharitvā gacchati, taṃ ‘‘ogho’’ti vuccati. Evameva yaṃ pītivegasamuṭṭhāpitaṃ vitakkavipphāraṃ antohadayaṃ sandhāretuṃ na sakkoti, so adhiko hutvā anto asaṇṭhahitvā bahi vacīdvārena nikkhanto paṭiggāhakanirapekkho udāhāraviseso ‘‘udāna’’nti vuccati. Dhammasaṃvegavasenapi ayamākāro labbhateva.

Tayidaṃ katthaci gāthābandhavasena katthaci vākyavasena pavattaṃ. Yaṃ pana aṭṭhakathāsu ‘‘somanassañāṇamayikagāthāpaṭisaṃyuttā’’ti udānalakkhaṇaṃ vuttaṃ, taṃ yebhuyyavasena vuttaṃ. Yebhuyyena hi udānaṃ gāthābandhavasena bhāsitaṃ pītisomanassasamuṭṭhāpitañca. Itarampi pana ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, tadāyatanaṃ, yattha neva pathavī na āpo’’tiādīsu (udā. 71) ‘‘sukhakāmāni bhūtāni, yo daṇḍena vihiṃsatī’’ti (dha. pa. 131), ‘‘sace bhāyatha dukkhassa, sace vo dukkhamappiya’’nti evamādīsu (udā. 44; netti. 91) ca labbhati.

Evaṃ tayidaṃ sabbaññubuddhabhāsitaṃ, paccekabuddhabhāsitaṃ, sāvakabhāsitanti tividhaṃ hoti. Tattha paccekabuddhabhāsitaṃ – ‘‘sabbesu bhūtesu nidhāya daṇḍaṃ, aviheṭhayaṃ aññatarampi tesa’’ntiādinā (su. ni. 35; cūḷani. khaggavisāṇasuttaniddesa 121) khaggavisāṇasutte āgatameva. Sāvakabhāsitānipi –

‘‘Sabbo rāgo pahīno me, sabbo doso samūhato;

Sabbo me vihato moho, sītibhūtosmi nibbuto’’ti. (theragā. 79) –

Ādinā theragāthāsu –

‘‘Kāyena saṃvutā āsiṃ, vācāya uda cetasā;

Samūlaṃ taṇhamabbuyha, sītibhūtāsmi nibbutā’’ti. (therīgā. 15) –

Ādinā therīgāthāsu ca āgatāni. Tāni pana tesaṃ therānaṃ therīnañca na kevalaṃ udānāni eva, atha kho sīhanādāpi honti. Sakkādīhi devehi bhāsitāni ‘‘aho dānaṃ paramadānaṃ, kassape suppatiṭṭhita’’ntiādīni (udā. 27), ārāmadaṇḍabrāhmaṇādīhi manussehi ca bhāsitāni ‘‘namo tassa bhagavato’’tiādīni (a. ni. 2.38) tisso saṅgītiyo ārūḷhāni udānāni santi eva, na tāni idha adhippetāni. Yāni pana sammāsambuddhena sāmaṃ āhacca bhāsitāni jinavacanabhūtāni, yāni sandhāya bhagavatā pariyattidhammaṃ navadhā vibhajitvā uddisantena udānanti vuttāni, tāneva dhammasaṅgāhakehi ‘‘udāna’’nti saṅgītanti tadevettha saṃvaṇṇetabbabhāvena gahitaṃ.

Yā pana ‘‘anekajātisaṃsāra’’ntiādigāthāya dīpitā bhagavatā bodhimūle udānavasena pavattitā anekasatasahassānaṃ sammāsambuddhānaṃ avijahitaudānagāthā ca, etā aparabhāge pana dhammabhaṇḍāgārikassa bhagavatā desitattā dhammasaṅgāhakehi udānapāḷiyaṃ saṅgahaṃ anāropetvā dhammapade saṅgītā. Yañca ‘‘aññāsi vata, bho koṇḍañño, aññāsi vata, bho koṇḍañño’’ti (mahāva. 17; saṃ. ni. 5.1081; paṭi. ma. 2.30) udānavacanaṃ dasasahassilokadhātuyā devamanussānaṃ pavedanasamatthanigghosavipphāraṃ bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ, tadapi dhammacakkappavattanasuttantadesanāpariyosāne attanā adhigatadhammekadesassa yathādesitassa ariyamaggassa sāvakesu sabbapaṭhamaṃ therena adhigatattā attano parissamassa saphalabhāvapaccavekkhaṇahetukaṃ paṭhamabodhiyaṃ sabbesaṃ eva bhikkhūnaṃ sammāpaṭipattipaccavekkhaṇahetukaṃ ‘‘ārādhayiṃsu vata maṃ bhikkhū ekaṃ samaya’’ntiādivacanaṃ (ma. ni. 1.225) viya pītisomanassajanitaṃ udāhāramattaṃ, ‘‘yadā have pātubhavanti dhammā’’tiādivacanaṃ (mahāva. 1-3; udā. 1-3) viya pavattiyā nivattiyā vā na pakāsananti, na dhammasaṅgāhakehi udānapāḷiyaṃ saṅgītanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Taṃ panetaṃ udānaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ, suttantapiṭakaṃ, abhidhammapiṭakanti tīsu piṭakesu suttantapiṭakapariyāpannaṃ, dīghanikāyo, majjhimanikāyo, saṃyuttanikāyo, aṅguttaranikāyo, khuddakanikāyoti pañcasu nikāyesu khuddakanikāyapariyāpannaṃ, suttaṃ, geyyaṃ, veyyākaraṇaṃ, gāthā, udānaṃ, itivuttakaṃ, jātakaṃ, abbhutadhammaṃ, vedallanti navasu sāsanaṅgesu udānasaṅgahaṃ.

‘‘Dvāsīti buddhato gaṇhiṃ, dve sahassāni bhikkhuto;

Caturāsīti sahassāni, ye me dhammā pavattino’’ti. (theragā. 1027) –

Evaṃ dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena paṭiññātesu caturāsītiyā dhammakkhandhasahassesu katipayadhammakkhandhasaṅgahaṃ. Bodhivaggo, mucalindavaggo, nandavaggo, meghiyavaggo, soṇavaggo, jaccandhavaggo, cūḷavaggo, pāṭaligāmiyavaggoti vaggato aṭṭhavaggaṃ; suttato asītisuttasaṅgahaṃ, gāthāto pañcanavutiudānagāthāsaṅgahaṃ. Bhāṇavārato aḍḍhūnanavamattā bhāṇavārā. Anusandhito bodhisutte pucchānusandhivasena ekānusandhi, suppavāsāsutte pucchānusandhiyathānusandhivasena dve anusandhī, sesesu yathānusandhivasena ekekova anusandhi, ajjhāsayānusandhi panettha natthi. Evaṃ sabbathāpi ekāsītianusandhisaṅgahaṃ. Padato satādhikāni ekavīsa padasahassāni, gāthāpādato tevīsati catussatādhikāni aṭṭha sahassāni, akkharato sattasahassādhikāni saṭṭhi sahassāni tīṇi ca satāni dvāsīti ca akkharāni. Tenetaṃ vuccati –

‘‘Asīti eva suttantā, vaggā aṭṭha samāsato;

Gāthā ca pañcanavuti, udānassa pakāsitā.

‘‘Aḍḍhūnanavamattā ca, bhāṇavārā pamāṇato;

Ekādhikā tathāsīti, udānassānusandhiyo.

‘‘Ekavīsasahassāni, satañceva vicakkhaṇo;

Padānetānudānassa, gaṇitāni viniddise’’.

Gāthāpādato pana –

‘‘Aṭṭhasahassamattāni, cattāreva satāni ca;

Pādānetānudānassa, tevīsati ca niddise.

‘‘Akkharānaṃ sahassāni, saṭṭhi satta satāni ca;

Tīṇi dvāsīti ca tathā, udānassa paveditā’’ti.

Tassa aṭṭhasu vaggesu bodhivaggo ādi, suttesu paṭhamaṃ bodhisuttaṃ, tassāpi evaṃ me sutantiādikaṃ āyasmatā ānandena paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikāle vuttanidānamādi. Sā panāyaṃ paṭhamamahāsaṅgīti vinayapiṭake (cūḷava. 437) tantimārūḷhā eva. Yo panettha nidānakosallatthaṃ vattabbo kathāmaggo sopi sumaṅgalavilāsiniyaṃ dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāyaṃ (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.nidānakathā) vutto evāti tattha vuttanayeneva veditabbo.

1. Bodhivaggo

1. Paṭhamabodhisuttavaṇṇanā

1. Yaṃ panettha ‘‘evaṃ me suta’’ntiādikaṃ nidānaṃ, tattha evanti nipātapadaṃ. Metiādīni nāmapadāni. Uruvelāyaṃ viharatīti ettha vīti upasaggapadaṃ, haratīti ākhyātapadanti imināva nayena sabbattha padavibhāgo veditabbo.

Atthato pana evaṃsaddo tāva upamūpadesasampahaṃsanagarahaṇavacanasampaṭiggahākāra- nidassanāvadhāraṇapucchāidamatthaparimāṇādi anekatthappabhedo. Tathā hesa ‘‘evaṃ jātena maccena, kattabbaṃ kusalaṃ bahu’’nti evamādīsu (dha. pa. 53) upamāyaṃ āgato. ‘‘Evaṃ te abhikkamitabbaṃ, evaṃ te paṭikkamitabba’’ntiādīsu (a. ni. 4.122) upadese. ‘‘Evametaṃ bhagavā, evametaṃ sugatā’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 3.66) sampahaṃsane. ‘‘Evamevaṃ panāyaṃ vasalī yasmiṃ vā tasmiṃ vā tassa muṇḍakassa samaṇakassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsatī’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 1.187) garahaṇe. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhanteti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosu’’ntiādīsu (dī. ni. 2.3; ma. ni. 1.1) vacanasampaṭiggahe. ‘‘Evaṃ byā kho ahaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.398) ākāre. ‘‘Ehi tvaṃ, māṇavaka, yena samaṇo ānando tenupasaṅkama, upasaṅkamitvā mama vacanena samaṇaṃ ānandaṃ appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ puccha ‘subho māṇavo todeyyaputto bhavantaṃ ānandaṃ appābādhaṃ appātaṅkaṃ lahuṭṭhānaṃ balaṃ phāsuvihāraṃ pucchatī’ti, evañca vadehi ‘sādhu kira bhavaṃ ānando yena subhassa māṇavassa todeyyaputtassa nivesanaṃ, tenupasaṅkamatu anukampaṃ upādāyā’ti’’ādīsu (dī. ni. 1.445) nidassane. ‘‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, kālāmā, ime dhammā kusalā vā akusalā vā’ti? ‘Akusalā, bhante’. ‘Sāvajjā vā anavajjā vā’ti? ‘Sāvajjā, bhante’. ‘Viññūgarahitā vā viññuppasatthā vā’ti? ‘Viññūgarahitā, bhante’. ‘Samattā samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti, no’vā? ‘Kathaṃ vo ettha hotī’ti? ‘Samattā, bhante, samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanti, evaṃ no ettha hotīti’’’ādīsu (a. ni. 3.66) avadhāraṇe. ‘‘Evamete sunhātā suvilittā kappitakesamassū āmuttamālābharaṇā’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.286) pucchāyaṃ. ‘‘Evaṃgatāni puthusippāyatanāni (dī. ni. 1.182), evaṃvidho evamākāro’’tiādīsu idaṃsaddassa atthe. Gatasaddo hi pakārapariyāyo, tathā vidhākārasaddā. Tathā hi vidhayuttagatasadde lokiyā pakāratthe vadanti. ‘‘Evaṃ lahuparivattaṃ evamāyupariyanto’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 1.48) parimāṇe.

Nanu ca ‘‘evaṃ vitakkitaṃ no tumhehi, evamāyupariyanto’’ti cettha evaṃsaddena pucchanākāraparimāṇākārānaṃ vuttattā ākārattho eva evaṃsaddoti. Na, visesasabbhāvato. Ākāramattavācako hettha evaṃsaddo ākāratthoti adhippeto. ‘‘Evaṃ byā kho’’tiādīsu pana ākāravisesavacano. Ākāravisesavācino cete evaṃsaddā pucchanākāraparimāṇākārānaṃ vācakattā. Evañca katvā ‘‘evaṃ jātena maccenā’’tiādīni upamānaudāharaṇāni yujjanti. Tattha hi –

‘‘Yathāpi puppharāsimhā, kayirā mālāguṇe bahū;

Evaṃ jātena maccena, kattabbaṃ kusalaṃ bahu’’nti. –

Ettha puppharāsiṭṭhānīyato manussuppatti sappurisūpanissayasaddhammassavanayonisomanasikārabhogasampattiādito dānādipuññakiriyāhetusamudāyato sobhāsugandhatādiguṇavisesayogato mālāguṇasadisiyo bahukā puññakiriyā maritabbasabhāvatāya maccena kattabbāti abhedatāya puppharāsi mālāguṇā ca upamā, tesaṃ upamānākāro yathāsaddena aniyamato vutto. Puna evaṃsaddena niyamanavasena vutto. So pana upamākāro niyamiyamāno atthato upamā eva hotīti vuttaṃ ‘‘upamāyaṃ āgato’’ti.

Tathā ‘‘evaṃ iminā ākārena abhikkamitabba’’ntiādinā upadisiyamānāya samaṇasāruppāya ākappasampattiyā yo tattha upadesākāro, so atthato upadesoyevāti vuttaṃ – ‘‘evaṃ te abhikkamitabbaṃ, evaṃ te paṭikkamitabbantiādīsu upadese’’ti.

‘‘Evametaṃ bhagavā, evametaṃ sugatā’’ti ettha bhagavatā yathāvuttamatthaṃ aviparītato jānantehi kataṃ yaṃ tattha vijjamānaguṇānaṃ pakārehi haṃsanaṃ udaggatākaraṇaṃ sampahaṃsanaṃ, so tattha pahaṃsanākāroti vuttanayena yojetabbaṃ.

‘‘Evamevaṃ panāya’’nti ettha garahaṇākāroti vuttanayena yojetabbaṃ. So ca garahaṇākāro ‘‘vasalī’’tiādikhuṃsanasaddasannidhānato idha evaṃsaddena pakāsitoti viññāyati. Yathā cettha, evaṃ upamākārādayopi upamādivasena vuttānaṃ puppharāsiādisaddānaṃ sannidhānato vuttāti veditabbaṃ.

‘‘Evaṃ no’’ti etthāpi tesaṃ yathāvuttadhammānaṃ ahitadukkhāvahabhāvena sanniṭṭhānajananatthaṃ anumatiggahaṇavasena ‘‘no vā kathaṃ vo ettha hotī’’ti pucchāya katāya ‘‘evaṃ no ettha hotī’’ti vuttattā tadākārasanniṭṭhānaṃ evaṃsaddena āvikataṃ. So pana tesaṃ dhammānaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattanākāro niyamiyamāno avadhāraṇattho hotīti vuttaṃ – ‘‘evaṃ no ettha hotītiādīsu avadhāraṇe’’ti.

‘‘Evañca vadehī’’ti yathāhaṃ vadāmi evaṃ samaṇaṃ ānandaṃ vadehīti vadanākāro idāni vattabbo evaṃsaddena nidassīyatīti ‘‘nidassanattho’’ti vuttaṃ.

Evamākāravisesavācīnampi etesaṃ evaṃsaddānaṃ upamādivisesatthavuttitāya upamādiatthatā vuttā. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti pana dhammassa sādhukaṃ savanamanasikāre niyojitehi bhikkhūhi tattha patiṭṭhitabhāvassa paṭijānanavasena vuttattā tattha evaṃsaddo vacanasampaṭiggahattho. Tena evaṃ, bhanteti sādhu, bhante, suṭṭhu, bhanteti vuttaṃ hoti. Svāyamidha ākāranidassanāvadhāraṇesu daṭṭhabbo.

Tattha ākāratthena evaṃsaddena etamatthaṃ dīpeti – nānānayanipuṇamanekajjhāsayasamuṭṭhānaṃ atthabyañjanasampannaṃ vividhapāṭihāriyaṃ dhammatthadesanāpaṭivedhagambhīraṃ sabbasattānaṃ sakasakabhāsānurūpato sotapathamāgacchantaṃ tassa bhagavato vacanaṃ sabbappakārena ko samattho viññātuṃ, sabbathāmena pana sotukāmataṃ janetvāpi evaṃ me sutaṃ, mayāpi ekenākārena sutanti.

Ettha ca ekattanānattaabyāpāraevaṃdhammatāsaṅkhātā nandiyāvattatipukkhalasīhavikkīḷitadisālocanaaṅkusasaṅkhātā ca assādādivisayādibhedena nānāvidhā nayā nānānayā. Nayā vā pāḷigatiyo, tā ca paññattianupaññattādivasena saṃkilesabhāgiyādilokiyāditadubhayavomissakādivasena kusalādivasena khandhādivasena, saṅgahādivasena, samayavimuttādivasena, ṭhapanādivasena, kusalamūlādivasena, tikapaṭṭhānādivasena ca nānappakārāti nānānayā, tehi nipuṇaṃ saṇhaṃ sukhumanti nānānayanipuṇaṃ.

Āsayova ajjhāsayo, so ca sassatādibhedena apparajakkhatādibhedena ca anekavidho. Attajjhāsayādiko eva vā aneko ajjhāsayo anekajjhāsayo. So samuṭṭhānaṃ uppattihetu etassāti anekajjhāsayasamuṭṭhānaṃ.

Sīlādiatthasampattiyā tabbibhāvanabyañjanasampattiyā saṅkāsanapakāsanavivaraṇavibhajanauttānīkaraṇapaññattivasena chahi atthapadehi akkharapadabyañjanākāraniruttiniddesavasena chahi byañjanapadehi ca samannāgatattā atthabyañjanasampannaṃ.

Iddhiādesanānusāsanībhedena tesu ca ekekassa visayādibhedena vividhaṃ bahuvidhaṃ vā pāṭihāriyaṃ etassāti vividhapāṭihāriyaṃ. Tattha paṭipakkhaharaṇato rāgādikilesāpanayanato pāṭihāriyanti atthe sati bhagavato na paṭipakkhā rāgādayo santi ye haritabbā, puthujjanānampi vigatūpakkilese aṭṭhaguṇasamannāgate citte hatapaṭipakkhe iddhividhaṃ pavattati, tasmā tattha pavattavohārena ca na sakkā idha pāṭihāriyanti vattuṃ. Sace pana mahākāruṇikassa bhagavato veneyyagatā ca kilesā paṭipakkhā, tesaṃ haraṇato pāṭihāriyanti vuttaṃ, evaṃ sati yuttametaṃ. Atha vā bhagavato ceva sāsanassa ca paṭipakkhā titthiyā, tesaṃ haraṇato pāṭihāriyaṃ. Te hi diṭṭhiharaṇavasena diṭṭhippakāsane asamatthabhāvena ca iddhiādesanānusāsanīhi haritā apanītā honti. Paṭīti vā ayaṃ saddo pacchāti etassa atthaṃ bodheti ‘‘tasmiṃ paṭipaviṭṭhamhi, añño āgañchi brāhmaṇo’’tiādīsu (cūḷani. pārāyanavagga, vatthugāthā 4) viya. Tasmā samāhite citte vigatūpakkilese katakiccena pacchā haritabbaṃ pavattetabbanti paṭihāriyaṃ. Attano vā upakkilesesu catutthajjhānamaggehi haritesu pacchā haraṇaṃ paṭihāriyaṃ. Iddhiādesanānusāsaniyo vigatūpakkilesena katakiccena sattahitatthaṃ puna pavattetabbā, haritesu ca attano upakkilesesu parasattānaṃ upakkilesaharaṇāni hontīti paṭihāriyāni bhavanti. Paṭihāriyameva pāṭihāriyaṃ, paṭihāriye vā iddhiādesanānusāsanīsamudāye bhavaṃ ekekaṃ pāṭihāriyanti vuccati. Paṭihāriyaṃ vā catutthajjhānaṃ maggo ca paṭipakkhaharaṇato. Tattha jātaṃ nimittabhūtato tato vā āgatanti pāṭihāriyanti attho veditabbo.

Yasmā pana tantiatthadesanā tabbohārābhisamayasaṅkhātā hetuhetuphalatadubhayapaññattipaṭivedhasaṅkhātā vā dhammatthadesanāpaṭivedhā gambhīrā, sasādīhi viya mahāsamuddo anupacitakusalasambhārehi alabbhaneyyappatiṭṭhā duppariyogāhā ca, tasmā tehi catūhi gambhīrabhāvehi yuttanti bhagavato vacanaṃ dhammatthadesanāpaṭivedhagambhīraṃ.

Eko eva bhagavato dhammadesanāghoso, ekasmiṃ khaṇe pavattamāno nānābhāsānaṃ sattānaṃ attano attano bhāsāvasena apubbaṃ acarimaṃ gahaṇūpago hoti. Acinteyyo hi buddhānaṃ buddhānubhāvoti sabbasattānaṃ sakasakabhāsānurūpato sotapathaṃ āgacchatīti veditabbaṃ.

Nidassanatthena ‘‘nāhaṃ sayambhū, na mayā idaṃ sacchikata’’nti attānaṃ parimocento ‘‘evaṃ me sutaṃ, mayāpi evaṃ suta’’nti idāni vattabbaṃ sakalaṃ suttaṃ nidasseti.

Avadhāraṇatthena ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahussutānaṃ yadidaṃ ānando, gatimantānaṃ, satimantānaṃ, dhitimantānaṃ, upaṭṭhākānaṃ yadidaṃ ānando’’ti (a. ni. 1.219-223) evaṃ bhagavatā, ‘‘āyasmā ānando atthakusalo, dhammakusalo, byañjanakusalo, niruttikusalo, pubbāparakusalo’’ti (a. ni. 5.169) evaṃ dhammasenāpatinā ca pasatthabhāvānurūpaṃ attano dhāraṇabalaṃ dassento sattānaṃ sotukāmataṃ janeti. ‘‘Evaṃ me sutaṃ, tañca kho atthato vā byañjanato vā anūnamanadhikaṃ, evameva na aññathā daṭṭhabba’’nti. Aññathāti bhagavato sammukhā sutākārato aññathā na pana bhagavatā desitākārato. Acinteyyānubhāvā hi bhagavato desanā, sā neva sabbākārena sakkā viññātunti vuttovāyamattho. Sutākārāvirujjhanameva hi dhāraṇabalaṃ.

Mesaddo tīsu atthesu dissati. Tathā hissa ‘‘gāthābhigītaṃ me abhojaneyya’’ntiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 1.194; su. ni. 81) mayāti attho. ‘‘Sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetū’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 4.88; 5.382; a. ni. 4.257) mayhanti attho. ‘‘Dhammadāyādā me, bhikkhave, bhavathā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.29) mamāti attho. Idha pana ‘‘mayā sutaṃ, mama suta’’nti ca atthadvaye yujjati.

Ettha ca yo paro na hoti, so attāti evaṃ vattabbe niyakajjhattasaṅkhāte sasantāne vattanato tividhopi mesaddo kiñcāpi ekasmiṃyeva atthe dissati, karaṇasampadānādivisesasaṅkhāto pana viññāyatevāyaṃ atthabhedoti ‘‘me-saddo tīsu atthesu dissatī’’ti vuttoti daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Sutanti ayaṃ sutasaddo saupasaggo anupasaggo ca gamanavissutakilinnūpacitānuyogasotaviññeyya sotadvārānusāra viññātādianekatthappabhedo. Kiñcāpi hi upasaggo kiriyaṃ viseseti, jotakabhāvato pana satipi tasmiṃ sutasaddo eva taṃ tamatthaṃ vadatīti anupasaggassa sutasaddassa atthuddhāre saupasaggassa gahaṇaṃ na virujjhati.

Tattha ‘‘senāya pasuto’’tiādīsu gacchantoti attho. ‘‘Sutadhammassa passato’’tiādīsu (udā. 11) vissutadhammassāti attho. ‘‘Avassutā avassutassā’’tiādīsu (pāci. 657) kilesena kilinnā kilinnassāti attho. ‘‘Tumhehi puññaṃ pasutaṃ anappaka’’ntiādīsu (khu. pā. 7.12) upacitanti attho. ‘‘Ye jhānappasutā dhīrā’’tiādīsu (dha. pa. 181) jhānānuyuttāti attho. ‘‘Diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ muta’’ntiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.241) sotaviññeyyanti attho. ‘‘Sutadharo sutasannicayo’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.339) sotadvārānusāraviññātadharoti attho. Idha panassa ‘‘sotadvārānusārena upadhārita’’nti vā ‘‘upadhāraṇa’’nti vā attho. Me-saddassa hi mayāti atthe sati ‘‘evaṃ mayā sutaṃ sotadvārānusārena upadhārita’’nti yujjati. Mamāti atthe sati ‘‘evaṃ mama sutaṃ sotadvārānusārena upadhāraṇa’’nti yujjati.

Evametesu tīsu padesu yasmā sutasaddasannidhāne payuttena evaṃsaddena savanakiriyājotakena bhavitabbaṃ, tasmā evanti sotaviññāṇasampaṭicchanādisotadvārikaviññāṇānantaraṃ uppannamanodvārikaviññāṇakiccanidassanaṃ. Meti vuttaviññāṇasamaṅgīpuggalanidassanaṃ. Sabbāni hi vākyāni evakāratthasahitāniyeva avadhāraṇaphalattā tesaṃ. Sutanti assavanabhāvappaṭikkhepato anūnānadhikāviparītaggahaṇanidassanaṃ. Yathā hi sutaṃ sutamevāti vattabbataṃ arahati tathā taṃ sammā sutaṃ anūnaggahaṇaṃ anadhikaggahaṇaṃ aviparītaggahaṇañca hotīti. Atha vā saddantaratthāpohanavasena saddo atthaṃ vadatīti etasmiṃ pakkhe yasmā sutanti etassa asutaṃ na hotīti ayamattho vutto, tasmā sutanti assavanabhāvappaṭikkhepato anūnānadhikāviparītaggahaṇanidassanaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – evaṃ me sutaṃ, na mayā idaṃ diṭṭhaṃ, na sayambhūñāṇena sacchikataṃ, na aññathā vā upaladdhaṃ. Api ca sutaṃva, tañca kho sammadevāti. Avadhāraṇatthe vā evaṃsadde ayamatthayojanā, tadapekkhassa sutasaddassa niyamattho sambhavatīti tadapekkhassa sutasaddassa assavanabhāvappaṭikkhepo anūnānadhikāviparītaggahaṇanidassanatā ca veditabbā. Iti savanahetusavanavisesavasenapi sutasaddassa atthayojanā katāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Tathā evanti tassā sotadvārānusārena pavattāya viññāṇavīthiyā nānatthabyañjanaggahaṇato nānappakārena ārammaṇe pavattibhāvappakāsanaṃ ākārattho evaṃsaddoti karitvā. Meti attappakāsanaṃ. Sutanti dhammappakāsanaṃ yathāvuttāya viññāṇavīthiyā pariyattidhammārammaṇattā. Ayañhettha saṅkhepo – nānappakārena ārammaṇe pavattāya viññāṇavīthiyā karaṇabhūtāya mayā na aññaṃ kataṃ, idaṃ pana kataṃ, ayaṃ dhammo sutoti.

Tathā evanti nidassitabbappakāsanaṃ nidassanattho evaṃsaddoti katvā nidassetabbassa niddisitabbabhāvato. Tasmā evaṃsaddena sakalampi suttaṃ paccāmaṭṭhanti veditabbaṃ. Meti puggalappakāsanaṃ. Sutanti puggalakiccappakāsanaṃ. Sutasaddena hi labbhamānā savanakiriyā savanaviññāṇappabandhappaṭibaddhā, tattha ca puggalavohāro, na ca puggalavohārarahite dhammappabandhe savanakiriyā labbhati. Tassāyaṃ saṅkhepattho – yaṃ suttaṃ niddisissāmi, taṃ mayā evaṃ sutanti.

Tathā evanti yassa cittasantānassa nānārammaṇappavattiyā nānatthabyañjanaggahaṇaṃ hoti, tassa nānākāraniddeso ākārattho eva evaṃsaddoti katvā. Evanti hi ayamākārapaññatti dhammānaṃ taṃ taṃ pavattiākāraṃ upādāya paññapetabbasabhāvattā. Meti kattuniddeso. Sutanti visayaniddeso, sotabbo hi dhammo savanakiriyākattupuggalassa savanakiriyāvasena pavattiṭṭhānaṃ hoti. Ettāvatā nānappakārena pavattena cittasantānena taṃsamaṅgino kattu visaye gahaṇasanniṭṭhānaṃ dassitaṃ hoti.

Atha vā evanti puggalakiccaniddeso, sutānañhi dhammānaṃ gahitākārassa nidassanassa avadhāraṇassa vā pakāsanasabhāvena evaṃsaddena tadākārādidhāraṇassa puggalavohārupādānadhammabyāpārabhāvato puggalakiccaṃnāma niddiṭṭhaṃ hotīti. Sutanti viññāṇakiccaniddeso, puggalavādinopi hi savanakiriyā viññāṇanirapekkhā na hotīti. Meti ubhayakiccayuttapuggalaniddeso. Meti hi saddappavatti ekanteneva sattavisesavisayā viññāṇakiccañca tattheva samodahitabbanti. Ayaṃ panettha saṅkhepo – mayā savanakiccaviññāṇasamaṅginā puggalena viññāṇavasena laddhasavanakiccavohārena sutanti.

Tathā evanti ca meti ca saccikaṭṭhaparamatthavasena avijjamānapaññatti. Sabbassa hi saddādhigamanīyassa atthassa paññattimukheneva paṭipajjitabbattā sabbapaññattīnañca vijjamānādīsu chasu paññattīsu avarodho, tasmā yo māyāmarīciādayo viya abhūtattho anussavādīhi gahetabbo viya anuttamatthopi na hoti. So rūpasaddādiko ruppanānubhavanādiko ca paramatthasabhāvo saccikaṭṭhaparamatthavasena vijjati. Yo pana evanti ca meti ca vuccamāno ākārattho, so aparamatthasabhāvo saccikaṭṭhaparamatthavasena anupalabbhamāno avijjamānapaññatti nāma. Tasmā kiñhettha taṃ paramatthato atthi, yaṃ evanti vā meti vā niddesaṃ labhetha? Sutanti vijjamānapaññatti, yañhi taṃ ettha sotena upaladdhaṃ, taṃ paramatthato vijjamānanti.

Tathā evanti sotapathamāgate dhamme upādāya tesaṃ upadhāritākārādīnaṃ paccāmasanavasena. Meti sasantatipariyāpanne khandhe karaṇādivisesavisiṭṭhe upādāya vattabbato upādāpaññatti. Sutanti diṭṭhādīni upanidhāya vattabbato upanidhāpaññatti. Diṭṭhādisabhāvarahite saddāyatane pavattamānopi sutavohāro dutiyaṃ tatiyantiādiko viya paṭhamādīni, diṭṭhamutaviññāte apekkhitvā sutanti viññeyyattā diṭṭhādīni upanidhāya vattabbo hoti. Asutaṃ na hotīti hi sutanti pakāsitoyamatthoti.

Ettha ca evantivacanena asammohaṃ dīpeti. Paṭividdhā hi attanā sutassa pakāravisesā evanti idha āyasmatā ānandena paccāmaṭṭhā, tenassa asammoho dīpito hoti. Na hi sammūḷho nānappakārapaṭivedhasamattho hoti, paccayākāravasena nānappakārā duppaṭividdhā ca suttantāti dīpitanti. Sutantivacanena sutassa asammosaṃ dīpeti, sutākārassa yāthāvato dassiyamānattā. Yassa hi sutaṃ sammuṭṭhaṃ hoti, na so kālantare mayā sutanti paṭijānāti. Iccassa asammohena paññāsiddhi, sammohābhāvena paññāya eva vā savanakālasambhūtāya taduttarikālapaññāsiddhi, tathā asammosena satisiddhi. Tattha paññāpubbaṅgamāya satiyā byañjanāvadhāraṇasamatthatā. Byañjanānañhi paṭivijjhitabbo ākāro nātigambhīro, yathāsutaṃ dhāraṇameva tattha karaṇīyanti satiyā byāpāro adhiko, paññā tattha guṇībhūtā hoti paññāya pubbaṅgamāti katvā. Satipubbaṅgamāya paññāya atthappaṭivedhasamatthatā. Atthassa hi paṭivijjhitabbo ākāro gambhīroti paññāya byāpāro adhiko, sati tattha guṇībhūtāyevāti satiyā pubbaṅgamāyāti katvā. Tadubhayasamatthatāyogena atthabyañjanasampannassa dhammakosassa anupālanasamatthatāya dhammabhaṇḍāgārikattasiddhi.

Aparo nayo – evantivacanena yonisomanasikāraṃ dīpeti, tena ca vuccamānānaṃ ākāranidassanāvadhāraṇatthānaṃ upari vakkhamānānaṃ nānappakārappaṭivedhajotakānaṃ aviparītasiddhi dhammavisayattā. Na hi ayoniso manasikaroto nānappakārappaṭivedho sambhavati. Sutantivacanena avikkhepaṃ dīpeti, ‘‘paṭhamabodhisuttaṃ kattha bhāsita’’ntiādipucchāvasena pakaraṇapattassa vakkhamānassa suttassa savanaṃ samādhānamantarena na sambhavati vikkhittacittassa savanābhāvato. Tathā hi vikkhittacitto puggalo sabbasampattiyā vuccamānopi ‘‘na mayā sutaṃ, puna bhaṇathā’’ti bhaṇati. Yonisomanasikārena cettha attasammāpaṇidhiṃ pubbe ca katapuññataṃ sādheti sammā appaṇihitattassa pubbe akatapuññassa vā tadabhāvato. Avikkhepena saddhammassavanaṃ sappurisūpanissayañca sādheti assutavato sappurisūpanissayavirahitassa ca tadabhāvato. Na hi vikkhitto sotuṃ sakkoti, na ca sappurise anupanissayamānassa savanaṃ atthīti.

Aparo nayo – ‘‘yassa cittasantānassa nānappakārappavattiyā nānatthabyañjanaggahaṇaṃ hoti, tassa nānākāraniddeso’’ti vuttaṃ. Yasmā ca so bhagavato vacanassa atthabyañjanappabhedaparicchedavasena sakalasāsanasampattiogāhanena niravasesaṃ parahitapāripūrīkaraṇabhūto evaṃ bhaddako ākāro na sammā appaṇihitattassa pubbe akatapuññassa vā hoti. Tasmā evanti iminā bhaddakena ākārena pacchimacakkadvayasampattimattano dīpeti, sutanti savanayogena purimacakkadvayasampattiṃ. Na hi appatirūpe dese vasato sappurisūpanissayavirahitassa ca savanaṃ atthi. Iccassa pacchimacakkadvayasiddhiyā āsayasuddhi siddhā hoti. Sammā paṇihitacitto pubbe ca katapuñño visuddhāsayo hoti tadasuddhihetūnaṃ kilesānaṃ dūrībhāvato. Tathā hi vuttaṃ ‘‘sammā paṇihitaṃ cittaṃ, seyyaso naṃ tato kare’’ti (dha. pa. 43) ‘‘katapuññosi tvaṃ, ānanda, padhānamanuyuñja, khippaṃ hohisi anāsavo’’ti (dī. ni. 2.207) ca. Purimacakkadvayasiddhiyā payogasuddhi. Patirūpadesavāsena hi sappurisūpanissayena ca sādhūnaṃ diṭṭhānugatiāpajjanena parisuddhappayogo hoti. Tāya ca āsayasuddhiyā adhigamabyattisiddhi, pubbeyeva taṇhādiṭṭhisaṃkilesānaṃ visodhitattā payogasuddhiyā āgamabyattisiddhi. Suparisuddhakāyavacīpayogo hi vippaṭisārābhāvato avikkhittacitto pariyattiyaṃ visārado hoti. Iti payogāsayasuddhassa āgamādhigamasampannassa vacanaṃ aruṇuggamanaṃ viya sūriyassa udayato yonisomanasikāro viya ca kusalakammassa arahati bhagavato vacanassa pubbaṅgamaṃ bhavitunti ṭhāne nidānaṃ ṭhapento evaṃ me sutantiādimāha.

Aparo nayo – evanti iminā pubbe vuttanayeneva nānappakārappaṭivedhadīpakena vacanena attano atthapaṭibhānapaṭisambhidāsampattisabbhāvaṃ dīpeti. Sutanti iminā evaṃsaddasannidhānato vakkhamānāpekkhāya vā sotabbabhedappaṭivedhadīpakena dhammaniruttipaṭisambhidāsampattisabbhāvaṃ dīpeti. Evanti ca idaṃ vuttanayeneva yonisomanasikāradīpakavacanaṃ bhāsamāno ‘‘ete dhammā mayā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā’’ti dīpeti. Pariyattidhammo hi ‘‘idha sīlaṃ kathitaṃ, idha samādhi, idha paññā, ettakā ettha anusandhiyo’’tiādinā nayena manasā anupekkhito anussavākāraparivitakkasahitāya dhammanijjhānakkhantibhūtāya ñātapariññāsaṅkhātāya vā diṭṭhiyā tattha tattha vuttarūpārūpadhamme ‘‘iti rūpaṃ, ettakaṃ rūpa’’ntiādinā nayena suṭṭhu vavatthapetvā paṭividdho attano ca paresañca hitasukhāvaho hotīti. Sutanti idaṃ savanayogadīpakavacanaṃ bhāsamāno ‘‘bahū mayā dhammā sutā dhātā vacasā paricitā’’ti dīpeti. Sotāvadhānappaṭibaddhā hi pariyattidhammassa savanadhāraṇaparicayā. Tadubhayenapi dhammassa svākkhātabhāvena, atthabyañjanapāripūriṃ dīpento savane ādaraṃ janeti. Atthabyañjanaparipuṇṇañhi dhammaṃ ādarena assuṇanto mahatā hitā paribāhiro hotīti ādaraṃ janetvā sakkaccaṃ dhammo sotabbo.

‘‘Evaṃ me suta’’nti iminā pana sakalena vacanena āyasmā ānando tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammaṃ attano adahanto asappurisabhūmiṃ atikkamati, sāvakattaṃ paṭijānanto sappurisabhūmiṃ okkamati. Tathā asaddhammā cittaṃ vuṭṭhāpeti, saddhamme cittaṃ patiṭṭhāpeti. ‘‘Kevalaṃ sutamevetaṃ mayā, tasseva pana bhagavato vacana’’nti dīpento attānaṃ parimoceti, satthāraṃ apadisati, jinavacanaṃ appeti, dhammanettiṃ patiṭṭhāpeti.

Apica ‘‘evaṃ me suta’’nti attanā uppāditabhāvaṃ appaṭijānanto purimassavanaṃ vivaranto ‘‘sammukhā paṭiggahitamidaṃ mayā tassa bhagavato catuvesārajjavisāradassa dasabaladharassa āsabhaṭṭhānaṭṭhāyino sīhanādanādino sabbasattuttamassa dhammissarassa dhammarājassa dhammādhipatino dhammadīpassa dhammasaraṇassa saddhammavaracakkavattino sammāsambuddhassa, na ettha atthe vā dhamme vā pade vā byañjane vā kaṅkhā vā vimati vā kattabbā’’ti sabbadevamanussānaṃ imasmiṃ dhamme assaddhiyaṃ vināseti, saddhāsampadaṃ uppādeti. Tenetaṃ vuccati –

‘‘Vināsayati assaddhaṃ, saddhaṃ vaḍḍheti sāsane;

Evaṃ me sutamiccevaṃ, vadaṃ gotamasāvako’’ti.

Ekanti gaṇanaparicchedaniddeso. Ayañhi ekasaddo aññaseṭṭhāsahāyasaṅkhyādīsu dissati. Tathā hi ayaṃ ‘‘sassato attā ca loko ca, idameva saccaṃ moghamaññanti ittheke abhivadantī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 3.27; udā. 55) aññe dissati. ‘‘Cetaso ekodibhāva’’ntiādīsu (pārā. 11; dī. ni. 1.228) seṭṭhe. ‘‘Eko vūpakaṭṭho’’tiādīsu (cūḷava. 445; dī. ni. 1.405) asahāye. ‘‘Ekova kho, bhikkhave, khaṇo ca samayo ca brahmacariyavāsāyā’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 8.29) saṅkhyāyaṃ, idhāpi saṅkhyāyameva daṭṭhabbo. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘ekanti gaṇanaparicchedaniddeso’’ti.

Samayanti paricchinnaniddeso. Ekaṃ samayanti aniyamitaparidīpanaṃ. Tattha samayasaddo –

‘‘Samavāye khaṇe kāle, samūhe hetudiṭṭhisu;

Paṭilābhe pahāne ca, paṭivedhe ca dissati’’.

Tathā hissa ‘‘appeva nāma svepi upasaṅkameyyāma kālañca samayañca upādāyā’’ti evamādīsu (dī. ni. 1.447) samavāyo attho, yuttakālañca paccayasāmaggiñca labhitvāti hi adhippāyo, tasmā paccayasamavāyoti veditabbo. ‘‘Ekova kho, bhikkhave, khaṇo ca samayo ca brahmacariyavāsāyā’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 8.29) khaṇo, okāsoti attho. Tathāgatuppādādiko hi maggabrahmacariyassa okāso tappaccayappaṭilābhahetuttā, khaṇo eva ca samayo, yo khaṇoti ca samayoti ca vuccati, so eko yevāti hi attho. ‘‘Uṇhasamayo pariḷāhasamayo’’tiādīsu (pāci. 358) kālo. ‘‘Mahāsamayo pavanasmi’’ntiādīsu (dī. ni. 2.332) samūho. Mahāsamayoti hi bhikkhūnaṃ devatānañca mahāsannipātoti attho. ‘‘Samayopi kho te, bhaddāli, appaṭividdho ahosi, bhagavā kho sāvatthiyaṃ viharati, bhagavāpi maṃ jānissati ‘bhaddāli nāma bhikkhu satthusāsane sikkhāya na paripūrakārī’ti, ayampi kho te, bhaddāli, samayo appaṭividdho ahosī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 2.135) hetu. Sikkhāpadassa kāraṇañhi idha samayoti adhippetaṃ. ‘‘Tena kho pana samayena uggāhamāno paribbājako samaṇamuṇḍikāputto samayappavādake tindukācīre ekasālake mallikāya ārāme paṭivasatī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 2.260) diṭṭhi. Tattha hi nisinnā titthiyā attano attano diṭṭhisaṅkhātaṃ samayaṃ pavadantīti so paribbājakārāmo ‘‘samayappavādako’’ti vuccati.

‘‘Diṭṭhe dhamme ca yo attho, yo cattho samparāyiko;

Atthābhisamayā dhīro, paṇḍitoti pavuccatī’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.129) –

Ādīsu paṭilābho. Atthābhisamayāti hi atthassa adhigamāti attho. ‘‘Sammā mānābhisamayā antamakāsi dukkhassā’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.28) pahānaṃ. Adhikaraṇaṃ samayaṃ vūpasamanaṃ apagamoti abhisamayo pahānaṃ. ‘‘Dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho saṅkhataṭṭho santāpaṭṭho vipariṇāmaṭṭho abhisamayaṭṭho’’tiādīsu (paṭi. ma. 2.8) paṭivedho. Paṭivedhoti hi abhisametabbato abhisamayo, abhisamayova attho abhisamayaṭṭhoti pīḷanādīni abhisametabbabhāvena ekībhāvaṃ upanetvā vuttāni, abhisamayassa vā paṭivedhassa visayabhūto attho abhisamayaṭṭhoti tāneva tathā ekantena vuttāni. Tattha pīḷanaṃ dukkhasaccassa taṃsamaṅgino hiṃsanaṃ avipphārikatākaraṇaṃ. Santāpo dukkhadukkhatādivasena santappanaṃ paridahanaṃ.

Ettha ca sahakārīkāraṇasannijjhaṃ sameti samavetīti samavāyo samayo. Sameti samāgacchati ettha maggabrahmacariyaṃ tadādhārapuggalehīti khaṇo samayo. Sameti ettha etena vā saṃgacchati satto sabhāvadhammo vā uppādādīhi sahajātādīhi vāti kālo samayo. Dhammappavattimattatāya atthato abhūtopi hi kālo dhammappavattiyā adhikaraṇaṃ karaṇaṃ viya ca kappanāmattasiddhenānurūpena voharīyatīti. Samaṃ, saha vā avayavānaṃ ayanaṃ pavatti avaṭṭhānanti samūho samayo yathā samudāyoti. Avayavasahāvaṭṭhānameva hi samūho. Avasesapaccayānaṃ samāgame sati eti phalametasmā uppajjati pavattatīti samayo hetu yathā samudayoti. Sameti saṃyojanabhāvato sambandho eti attano visaye pavattati, daḷhaggahaṇabhāvato vā saṃyuttā ayanti pavattanti sattā yathābhinivesaṃ etenāti samayo diṭṭhi. Diṭṭhisaṃyojanena hi sattā ativiya bajjhantīti. Samiti saṅgati samodhānanti samayo paṭilābho. Samayanaṃ upasamayanaṃ apagamoti samayo pahānaṃ. Samucchedappahānabhāvato pana adhiko samayoti abhisamayo yathā abhidhammoti. Abhimukhaṃ ñāṇena sammā etabbo abhisametabboti abhisamayo, dhammānaṃ aviparītasabhāvo. Abhimukhabhāvena sammā eti gacchati bujjhatīti abhisamayo, dhammānaṃ yathābhūtasabhāvāvabodho. Evaṃ tasmiṃ tasmiṃ atthe samayasaddassa pavatti veditabbā.

Samayasaddassa atthuddhāre abhisamayasaddassa gahaṇe kāraṇaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Idha panassa kālo attho samavāyādīnaṃ asambhavato. Desadesakaparisā viya hi desanāya nidānabhāve kālo eva icchitabboti. Yasmā panettha samayoti kālo adhippeto, tasmā saṃvaccharautumāsaddhamāsarattidivasapubbaṇhamajjhanhikasāyanhapaṭhamayāma- majjhimayāmapacchimayāmamuhuttādīsu kālabhedabhūtesu samayesu ekaṃ samayanti dīpeti.

Kasmā panettha aniyamitavaseneva kālo niddiṭṭho, na utusaṃvaccharādivasena niyametvā niddiṭṭhoti ce? Kiñcāpi etesu saṃvaccharādīsu samayesu yaṃ yaṃ suttaṃ yasmiṃ yasmiṃ saṃvacchare utumhi māse pakkhe rattibhāge divasabhāge vā vuttaṃ, sabbampi taṃ therassa suviditaṃ suvavatthāpitaṃ paññāya. Yasmā pana ‘‘evaṃ me sutaṃ asukasaṃvacchare asukautumhi asukamāse asukapakkhe asukarattibhāge asukadivasabhāge vā’’ti evaṃ vutte na sakkā sukhena dhāretuṃ vā uddisituṃ vā uddisāpetuṃ vā, bahu ca vattabbaṃ hoti, tasmā ekeneva padena tamatthaṃ samodhānetvā ‘‘ekaṃ samaya’’nti āha.

Ye vā ime gabbhokkantisamayo jātisamayo saṃvegasamayo abhinikkhamanasamayo dukkarakārikasamayo māravijayasamayo abhisambodhisamayo diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārasamayo desanāsamayo parinibbānasamayoti evamādayo bhagavato devamanussesu ativiya pakāsā anekakālappabhedā eva samayā, tesu samayesu desanāsamayasaṅkhātaṃ ekaṃ samayanti dīpeti. Yo vāyaṃ ñāṇakaruṇākiccasamayesu karuṇākiccasamayo, attahitaparahitappaṭipattisamayesu parahitappaṭipattisamayo, sannipatitānaṃ karaṇīyadvayasamayesu dhammakathāsamayo, desanāpaṭipattisamayesu desanāsamayo, tesu samayesu aññatarasamayaṃ sandhāya ‘‘ekaṃ samaya’’nti āha.

Kasmā panettha yathā abhidhamme ‘‘yasmiṃ samaye kāmāvacaraṃ kusalaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ hotī’’ti (dha. sa. 1) ca ito aññesu suttapadesu ‘‘yasmiṃ samaye, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehī’’ti (a. ni. 4.200) ca bhummavacanena niddeso kato, vinaye ca ‘‘tena samayena buddho bhagavā’’ti (pārā. 1) karaṇavacanena niddeso kato, tathā akatvā ‘‘ekaṃ samaya’’nti accantasaṃyogatthe upayogavacanena niddeso katoti? Tattha tathā, idha ca aññathā atthasambhavato. Tattha hi abhidhamme ito aññesu ca suttantesu ādhāravisayasaṅkhāto adhikaraṇattho kiriyāya kiriyantaralakkhaṇasaṅkhāto bhāvenabhāvalakkhaṇattho ca sambhavatīti. Adhikaraṇañhi kālattho samūhattho ca samayo tattha vuttānaṃ phassādidhammānaṃ, tathā kālo sabhāvadhammappavattimattatāya paramatthato avijjamānopi ādhārabhāvena paññāto taṅkhaṇappavattānaṃ tato pubbe parato ca abhāvato yathā ‘‘pubbaṇhe jāto sāyanhe jāto’’tiādīsu. Samūhotipi avayavavinimutto paramatthato avijjamānopi kappanāmattasiddhena rūpena avayavānaṃ ādhārabhāvena paññāpīyati, yathā ‘‘rukkhe sākhā, yavo yavarāsimhi samuṭṭhito’’tiādīsu. Yasmiṃ kāle dhammapuñje ca kāmāvacaraṃ kusalaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ hoti, tasmiṃyeva kāle dhammapuñje ca phassādayopi hontīti ayañhi tattha attho. Tathā khaṇasamavāyahetusaṅkhātassa samayassa bhāvena tattha vuttānaṃ phassādidhammānaṃ bhāvo lakkhīyati. Yathā hi ‘‘gāvīsu duyhamānāsu gato, duddhāsu āgato’’ti ettha gāvīnaṃ dohanakiriyāya gamanakiriyā lakkhīyati, evaṃ idhāpi yasmiṃ samayeti vutte ca padatthassa sattāvirahābhāvato satīti ayamattho viññāyamāno eva hotīti samayassa sattākiriyāya cittassa uppādakiriyā phassādīnaṃ bhavanakiriyā ca lakkhīyati. Tathā yasmiṃ samaye yasmiṃ navame khaṇe yasmiṃ yonisomanasikārādihetumhi paccayasamavāye vā sati kāmāvacaraṃ kusalaṃ cittaṃ uppannaṃ hoti, tasmiṃ samaye khaṇe hetumhi paccayasamavāye ca phassādayopi hontīti. Tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ bhummavacanena niddeso kato.

Vinaye ca ‘‘annena vasati, ajjhenena vasatī’’tiādīsu viya hetuattho, ‘‘pharasunā chindati, kudālena khaṇatī’’tiādīsu viya karaṇattho ca sambhavati. Yo hi sikkhāpadapaññattisamayo dhammasenāpatiādīhipi dubbiññeyyo, tena samayena karaṇabhūtena hetubhūtena ca vītikkamaṃ sutvā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sannipātāpetvā otiṇṇavatthukaṃ puggalaṃ paṭipucchitvā vigarahitvā ca taṃ taṃ vatthuṃ otiṇṇasamayasaṅkhātaṃ kālaṃ anatikkamitvā sikkhāpadāni paññāpento tatiyapārājikādīnaṃ viya sikkhāpadapaññattiyā hetuṃ apekkhamāno tattha tattha vihāsi, tasmā tadatthajotanatthaṃ vinaye karaṇavacanena niddeso kato.

Idha pana aññasmiñca evaṃjātike accantasaṃyogattho sambhavati. Yasmiñhi samaye saha samuṭṭhānahetunā idaṃ udānaṃ uppannaṃ, accantameva taṃ samayaṃ ariyavihārapubbaṅgamāya dhammapaccavekkhaṇāya bhagavā vihāsi, tasmā ‘‘māsaṃ ajjhetī’’tiādīsu viya upayogatthajotanatthaṃ idha upayogavacanena niddeso kato. Tenetaṃ vuccati –

‘‘Taṃ taṃ atthamapekkhitvā, bhummena karaṇena ca;

Aññatra samayo vutto, upayogena so idhā’’ti.

Porāṇā pana vaṇṇayanti – ‘‘yasmiṃ samaye’’ti vā ‘‘tena samayenā’’ti vā ‘‘ekaṃ samaya’’nti vā abhilāpamattabhedo esa niddeso, sabbattha bhummameva atthoti. Tasmā ‘‘ekaṃ samaya’’nti vuttepi ekasmiṃ samayeti attho veditabbo.

Bhagavāti garu. Garuñhi loke ‘‘bhagavā’’ti vadanti. Ayañca sabbaguṇavisiṭṭhatāya sabbasattānaṃ garu, tasmā bhagavāti veditabbo. Porāṇehipi vuttaṃ –

‘‘Bhagavāti vacanaṃ seṭṭhaṃ, bhagavāti vacanamuttamaṃ;

Garu gāravayutto so, bhagavā tena vuccatī’’ti.

Tattha seṭṭhavācakavacanaṃ seṭṭhanti vuttaṃ seṭṭhaguṇasahacaraṇato. Atha vā vuccatīti vacanaṃ, attho. Bhagavāti vacanaṃ seṭṭhanti bhagavāti iminā vacanena vacanīyo yo attho, so seṭṭhoti attho. Bhagavāti vacanamuttamanti etthāpi vuttanayeneva attho veditabbo. Gāravayuttoti garubhāvayutto garuguṇayogato visesagarukaraṇārahatāya vā gāravayutto. Evaṃ guṇavisiṭṭhasattuttamagarugāravādhivacanaṃ bhagavāti idaṃ vacananti veditabbaṃ. Apica –

‘‘Bhagī bhajī bhāgī vibhattavā iti,

Akāsi bhagganti garūti bhāgyavā;

Bahūhi ñāyehi subhāvitattano,

Bhavantago so bhagavāti vuccatī’’ti. –

Niddese (mahāni. 84) āgatanayena –

‘‘Bhāgyavā bhaggavā yutto, bhagehi ca vibhattavā;

Bhattavā vantagamano, bhavesu bhagavā tato’’ti. –

Imāya gāthāya ca vasena bhagavāti padassa attho veditabbo. So panāyaṃ attho sabbākārena visuddhimagge (visuddhi. 1.142) vutto, tasmā tattha vuttanayeneva vivaritabbo.

Apica bhāge vani, bhage vā vamīti bhagavā. Tathāgato hi dānasīlādipāramidhamme jhānavimokkhādiuttarimanussadhamme vani bhaji sevi bahulamakāsi, tasmā bhagavā. Atha vā teyeva ‘‘veneyyasattasantānesu kathaṃ nu kho uppajjeyyu’’nti vani abhipatthayīti bhagavā. Atha vā bhagasaṅkhātaṃ issariyaṃ yasañca vami uggiri kheḷapiṇḍaṃ viya anapekkho chaḍḍayīti bhagavā. Tathā hi tathāgato hatthagataṃ cakkavattisiriṃ devalokādhipaccasadisaṃ cātuddīpissariyaṃ, cakkavattisampattisannissayañca sattaratanasamujjalaṃ yasaṃ tiṇāyapi amaññamāno nirapekkho pahāya abhinikkhamitvā sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho, tasmā ime siriādike bhage vamīti bhagavā. Atha vā bhāni nāma nakkhattāni, tehi samaṃ gacchanti pavattantīti bhagā. Sineruyugandharauttarakuruhimavantādibhājanalokavisesasannissayasobhā kappaṭṭhitibhāvato, tepi bhage vami, tannivāsisattāvāsasamatikkamanato tappaṭibaddhachandarāgappahānena pajahīti. Evampi bhage vamīti bhagavāti evamādinā nayena bhagavāti padassa attho veditabbo.

Ettāvatā cettha evaṃ me sutanti vacanena yathāsutaṃ dhammaṃ savanavasena bhāsanto bhagavato dhammasarīraṃ paccakkhaṃ karoti, tena ‘‘nayidaṃ atikkantasatthukaṃ pāvacanaṃ, ayaṃ vo satthā’’ti satthu adassanena ukkaṇṭhitaṃ janaṃ samassāseti. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā ‘‘yo kho, ānanda, mayā dhammo ca vinayo ca desito paññatto, so vo mamaccayena satthā’’ti (dī. ni. 2.216; mi. pa. 4.1.1). Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavāti vacanena tasmiṃ samaye bhagavato avijjamānabhāvaṃ dassento rūpakāyaparinibbānaṃ sādheti, tena ‘‘evaṃvidhassa nāma dhammassa desetā dasabaladharo vajirasaṅghātasamānakāyo sopi bhagavā parinibbuto, kenaññena jīvite āsā janetabbā’’ti jīvitamadamattaṃ janaṃ saṃvejeti, saddhamme cassa ussāhaṃ janeti.

Evanti ca bhaṇanto desanāsampattiṃ niddisati, vakkhamānassa sakalasuttassa evanti nidassanato. Me sutanti sāvakasampattiṃ savanasampattiñca niddisati, paṭisambhidāpattena pañcasu ṭhānesu bhagavatā etadagge ṭhapitena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena sutabhāvadīpanato ‘‘tañca kho mayāva sutaṃ, na anussutikaṃ, na paramparābhata’’nti imassa catthassa dīpanato. Ekaṃ samayanti kālasampattiṃ niddisati bhagavato uruvelāyaṃ viharaṇasamayabhāvena buddhuppādappaṭimaṇḍitabhāvadīpanato. Buddhuppādaparamā hi kālasampadā. Bhagavāti desakasampattiṃ niddisati guṇavisiṭṭhasattuttamagarubhāvadīpanato.

Uruvelāyanti mahāvelāyaṃ, mahante vālukārāsimhīti attho. Atha vā urūti vālukā vuccati, velāti mariyādā. Velātikkamanahetu ābhatā uru uruvelāti evampettha attho daṭṭhabbo.

Atīte kira anuppanne buddhe dasasahassatāpasā tasmiṃ padese viharantā ‘‘kāyakammavacīkammāni paresampi pākaṭāni honti, manokammaṃ pana apākaṭaṃ. Tasmā yo micchāvitakkaṃ vitakketi, so attanāva attānaṃ codetvā pattapuṭena vālukaṃ āharitvā imasmiṃ ṭhāne ākiratu, idamassa daṇḍakamma’’nti katikavattaṃ katvā tato paṭṭhāya yo tādisaṃ vitakkaṃ vitakketi, so tattha pattapuṭena vālukaṃ āharitvā ākirati. Evaṃ tattha anukkamena mahāvālukārāsi jāto, tato naṃ pacchimā janatā parikkhipitvā cetiyaṭṭhānamakāsi. Taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ – ‘‘uruvelāyanti mahāvelāyaṃ, mahante vālukārāsimhīti attho daṭṭhabbo’’ti.

Viharatīti avisesena iriyāpathadibbabrahmaariyavihāresu aññataravihārasamaṅgitāparidīpanaṃ. Idha pana ṭhānanisajjāgamanasayanappabhedesu iriyāpathesu āsanasaṅkhātairiyāpathasamāyogaparidīpanaṃ ariyavihārasamaṅgitāparidīpanañcāti veditabbaṃ. Tattha yasmā ekaṃ iriyāpathabādhanaṃ aññena iriyāpathena vicchinditvā aparipatantaṃ attabhāvaṃ harati pavatteti, tasmā viharatīti padassa iriyāpathavihāravasenettha attho veditabbo. Yasmā pana bhagavā dibbavihārādīhi sattānaṃ vividhaṃ hitaṃ harati upaharati upaneti uppādeti, tasmā tesampi vasena vividhaṃ haratīti evamattho veditabbo.

Najjāti nadati sandatīti nadī, tassā najjā, nadiyā ninnagāyāti attho. Nerañjarāyāti nelaṃ jalamassāti ‘‘nelañjalāyā’’ti vattabbe lakārassa rakāraṃ katvā ‘‘nerañjarāyā’’ti vuttaṃ, kaddamasevālapaṇakādidosarahitasalilāyāti attho. Keci ‘‘nīlajalāyāti vattabbe nerañjarāyāti vutta’’nti vadanti. Nāmameva vā etaṃ etissā nadiyāti veditabbaṃ. Tassā nadiyā tīre yattha bhagavā vihāsi, taṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘bodhirukkhamūle’’ti vuttaṃ. Tattha ‘‘bodhi vuccati catūsu maggesu ñāṇa’’nti ettha (cūḷani. khaggavisāṇasuttaniddesa 121) maggañāṇaṃ bodhīti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Pappoti bodhiṃ varabhūrimedhaso’’ti ettha (dī. ni. 3.217) sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ. Tadubhayampi bodhiṃ bhagavā ettha pattoti rukkhopi bodhirukkhotveva nāmaṃ labhi. Atha vā satta bojjhaṅge bujjhīti bhagavā bodhi, tena bujjhantena sannissitattā so rukkhopi bodhirukkhoti nāmaṃ labhi, tassa bodhirukkhassa. Mūleti samīpe. Ayañhi mūlasaddo ‘‘mūlāni uddhareyya antamaso usīranāḷamattānipī’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 4.195) mūlamūle dissati. ‘‘Lobho akusalamūla’’ntiādīsu (dī. ni. 3.305) asādhāraṇahetumhi. ‘‘Yāvatā majjhanhike kāle chāyā pharati, nivāte paṇṇāni patanti, ettāvatā rukkhamūla’’ntiādīsu samīpe. Idhāpi samīpe adhippeto, tasmā bodhirukkhassa mūle samīpeti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo.

Paṭhamābhisambuddhoti paṭhamaṃ abhisambuddho hutvā, sabbapaṭhamaṃyevāti attho. Ettāvatā dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena udānadesanāya nidānaṃ ṭhapentena kāladesadesakāpadesā saha visesena pakāsitā honti.

Etthāha ‘‘kasmā dhammavinayasaṅgahe kayiramāne nidānavacanaṃ vuttaṃ, nanu bhagavatā bhāsitavacanasseva saṅgaho kātabbo’’ti? Vuccate – desanāya ciraṭṭhitiasammosasaddheyyabhāvasampādanatthaṃ. Kāladesadesakavatthuādīhi upanibandhitvā ṭhapitā hi desanā ciraṭṭhitikā hoti asammosā saddheyyā ca desakālakattuhetunimittehi upanibaddho viya vohāravinicchayo. Teneva ca āyasmatā mahākassapena ‘‘paṭhamaṃ, āvuso ānanda, udānaṃ kattha bhāsita’’ntiādinā desādīsu pucchāya katāya vissajjanaṃ karontena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena ‘‘evaṃ me suta’’ntiādinā udānassa nidānaṃ bhāsitanti.

Apica satthu sampattipakāsanatthaṃ nidānavacanaṃ. Tathāgatassa hi bhagavato pubbaracanānumānāgamatakkābhāvato sambuddhattasiddhi. Na hi sammāsambuddhassa pubbaracanādīhi attho atthi sabbattha appaṭihatañāṇacāratāya ekappamāṇattā ñeyyadhammesu. Tathā ācariyamuṭṭhidhammamacchariyasāsanasāvakānurāgābhāvato khīṇāsavattasiddhi. Na hi sabbaso parikkhīṇāsavassa katthacipi ācariyamuṭṭhiādīnaṃ sambhavoti suvisuddhassa parānuggahappavatti. Iti desakadosabhūtānaṃ diṭṭhisīlasampattidūsakānaṃ accantaṃ avijjātaṇhānaṃ abhāvasaṃsūcakehi ñāṇasampadāpahānasampadābhibyañjakehi ca sambuddhavisuddhabhāvehi purimavesārajjadvayasiddhi, tato ca antarāyikaniyyānikadhammesu sammohābhāvasiddhito pacchimavesārajjadvayasiddhīti bhagavato catuvesārajjasamannāgamo attahitaparahitappaṭipatti ca nidānavacanena pakāsitā honti, tattha tattha sampattaparisāya ajjhāsayānurūpaṃ ṭhānuppattikappaṭibhānena dhammadesanādīpanato. Idha pana vimuttisukhappaṭisaṃvedanapaṭiccasamuppādamanasikārapakāsanenāti yojetabbaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘satthu sampattipakāsanatthaṃ nidānavacana’’nti.

Tathā sāsanasampattipakāsanatthaṃ nidānavacanaṃ. Ñāṇakaruṇāpariggahitasabbakiriyassa hi bhagavato natthi niratthakā paṭipatti attahitā vā. Tasmā paresaṃyeva atthāya pavattasabbakiriyassa sammāsambuddhassa sakalampi kāyavacīmanokammaṃ yathāpavattaṃ vuccamānaṃ diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthehi yathārahaṃ sattānaṃ anusāsanaṭṭhena sāsanaṃ, na kabbaracanā. Tayidaṃ satthu caritaṃ kāladesadesakaparisāpadesādīhi saddhiṃ tattha tattha nidānavacanena yathārahaṃ pakāsīyati, idha pana abhisambodhivimuttisukhappaṭisaṃvedanapaṭiccasamuppādamanasikārenāti yojetabbaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘sāsanasampattipakāsanatthaṃ nidānavacana’’nti.

Apica satthuno pamāṇabhāvappakāsanena sāsanassa pamāṇabhāvadassanatthaṃ nidānavacanaṃ. Sā cassa pamāṇabhāvadassanatā heṭṭhā vuttanayānusārena veditabbā. Bhagavāti hi iminā tathāgatassa rāgadosamohādisabbakilesamaladuccaritādidosappahānadīpanena, sabbasattuttamabhāvadīpanena ca anaññasādhāraṇañāṇakaruṇādiguṇavisesayogaparidīpanena, ayamattho sabbathā pakāsito hotīti idamettha nidānavacanappayojanassa mukhamattadassanaṃ.

Taṃ panetaṃ ‘‘evaṃ me suta’’nti ārabhitvā yāva ‘‘imaṃ udānaṃ udānesī’’ti padaṃ, tāva imassa udānassa nidānanti veditabbaṃ. Tathā hi taṃ yathā paṭipanno bhagavā imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi, ādito paṭṭhāya tassa kāyikacetasikappaṭipattiyā pakāsanatthaṃ saṅgītikārehi saṅgītikāle bhāsitavacanaṃ.

Nanu ca ‘‘imasmiṃ sati idaṃ hotī’’tiādi bhagavato eva vacanaṃ bhavituṃ arahati, na hi satthāraṃ muñcitvā añño paṭiccasamuppādaṃ desetuṃ samattho hotīti? Saccametaṃ, yathā pana bhagavā bodhirukkhamūle dhammasabhāvapaccavekkhaṇavasena paṭiccasamuppādaṃ manasākāsi, tatheva naṃ bodhaneyyabandhavānaṃ bodhanatthaṃ paṭiccasamuppādasīhanādasuttādīsu desitassa ca vacanānaṃ desitākārassa anukaraṇavasena paṭiccasamuppādassa manasikāraṃ aṭṭhuppattiṃ katvā bhagavatā bhāsitassa imassa udānassa dhammasaṅgāhakā mahātherā nidānaṃ saṅgāyiṃsūti yathāvuttavacanaṃ saṅgītikārānameva vacananti niṭṭhamettha gantabbaṃ. Ito paresupi suttantesu eseva nayo.

Ettha ca attajjhāsayo parajjhāsayo pucchāvasiko aṭṭhuppattikoti cattāro suttanikkhepā veditabbā. Yathā hi anekasataanekasahassabhedānipi suttāni saṃkilesabhāgiyādipaṭṭhānanayena soḷasavidhataṃ nātivattanti, evaṃ tāni sabbānipi attajjhāsayādisuttanikkhepavasena catubbidhabhāvaṃ nātivattanti. Kāmañcettha attajjhāsayassa aṭṭhuppattiyā ca parajjhāsayapucchāvasikehi saddhiṃ saṃsaggabhedo sambhavati ajjhāsayānusandhipucchānusandhisambhavato, attajjhāsayaaṭṭhuppattīnaṃ aññamaññaṃ saṃsaggo natthīti niravaseso paṭṭhānanayo na sambhavati. Tadantogadhattā vā sambhavantānaṃ sesanikkhepānaṃ mūlanikkhepavasena cattāro suttanikkhepāti vuttaṃ.

Tatrāyaṃ vacanattho – nikkhipanaṃ nikkhepo, suttassa nikkhepo suttanikkhepo, suttadesanāti attho. Nikkhipīyatīti vā nikkhepo, suttaṃ eva nikkhepo suttanikkhepo. Attano ajjhāsayo attajjhāsayo, so assa atthi kāraṇabhūtoti attajjhāsayo, attano ajjhāsayo etassāti vā attajjhāsayo. Parajjhāsayepi eseva nayo. Pucchāya vaso pucchāvaso, so etassa atthīti pucchāvasiko. Suttadesanāya vatthubhūtassa atthassa uppatti atthuppatti, atthuppatti eva aṭṭhuppatti, sā etassa atthīti aṭṭhuppattiko. Atha vā nikkhipīyati suttaṃ etenāti nikkhepo, attajjhāsayādi eva. Etasmiṃ pana atthavikappe attano ajjhāsayo attajjhāsayo. Paresaṃ ajjhāsayo parajjhāsayo. Pucchīyatīti pucchā, pucchitabbo attho. Pucchanavasena pavattaṃ dhammappaṭiggāhakānaṃ vacanaṃ pucchāvasaṃ, tadeva nikkhepasaddāpekkhāya pucchāvasikoti pulliṅgavasena vuttaṃ. Tathā atthuppattiyeva aṭṭhuppattikoti evamettha attho veditabbo.

Ettha ca paresaṃ indriyaparipākādikāraṇanirapekkhattā attajjhāsayassa visuṃ suttanikkhepabhāvo yutto kevalaṃ attano ajjhāsayeneva dhammatantiṭhapanatthaṃ pavattitadesanattā, parajjhāsayapucchāvasikānaṃ pana paresaṃ ajjhāsayapucchānaṃ desanāpavattihetubhūtānaṃ uppattiyaṃ pavattitānaṃ kathamaṭṭhuppattiyā anavarodho, pucchāvasikaaṭṭhuppattipubbakānaṃ vā parajjhāsayānurodhena pavattitānaṃ kathaṃ parajjhāsaye anavarodhoti? Na codetabbametaṃ. Paresañhi abhinīhāraparipucchādivinicchayādivinimuttasseva suttantadesanākāraṇuppādassa aṭṭhuppattibhāvena gahitattā parajjhāsayapucchāvasikānaṃ visuṃ gahaṇaṃ. Tathā hi brahmajāladhammadāyādasuttādīnaṃ vaṇṇāvaṇṇaāmisuppādādidesanānimittaṃ aṭṭhuppatti vuccati, paresaṃ pucchāya vinā ajjhāsayameva nimittaṃ katvā desito parajjhāsayo, pucchāvasena desito pucchāvasikoti pākaṭoyamatthoti.

Tattha paṭhamādīni tīṇi bodhisuttāni mucalindasuttaṃ, āyusaṅkhārossajjanasuttaṃ, paccavekkhaṇasuttaṃ, papañcasaññāsuttanti imesaṃ udānānaṃ attajjhāsayo nikkhepo. Huhuṅkasuttaṃ, brāhmaṇajātikasuttaṃ, bāhiyasuttanti imesaṃ udānānaṃ pucchāvasiko nikkhepo. Rājasuttaṃ, sakkārasuttaṃ, ucchādanasuttaṃ, piṇḍapātikasuttaṃ, sippasuttaṃ, gopālasuttaṃ, sundarikasuttaṃ, mātusuttaṃ, saṅghabhedakasuttaṃ, udapānasuttaṃ, tathāgatuppādasuttaṃ, moneyyasuttaṃ, pāṭaligāmiyasuttaṃ, dvepi dabbasuttānīti etesaṃ udānānaṃ aṭṭhuppattiko nikkhepo. Pālileyyasuttaṃ, piyasuttaṃ, nāgasamālasuttaṃ, visākhāsuttañcāti imesaṃ udānānaṃ attajjhāsayo parajjhāsayo ca nikkhepo. Sesānaṃ ekapaññāsāya suttānaṃ parajjhāsayo nikkhepo. Evametesaṃ udānānaṃ attajjhāsayādivasena nikkhepaviseso veditabbo.

Ettha ca yāni udānāni bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ sammukhā bhāsitāni, tāni tehi yathābhāsitasuttāni vacasā paricitāni manasānupekkhitāni dhammabhaṇḍāgārikassa kathitāni. Yāni pana bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ asammukhā bhāsitāni, tānipi aparabhāge bhagavatā dhammabhaṇḍāgārikassa puna bhāsitāni. Evaṃ sabbānipi tāni āyasmā ānando ekajjhaṃ katvā dhārento bhikkhūnañca vācento aparabhāge paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikāle udānantveva saṅgahaṃ āropesīti veditabbaṃ.

Tena kho pana samayenātiādīsu tena samayenāti ca bhummatthe karaṇavacanaṃ, kho panāti nipāto, tasmiṃ samayeti attho. Kasmiṃ pana samaye? Yaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā uruvelāyaṃ viharati najjā nerañjarāya tīre bodhirukkhamūle paṭhamābhisambuddho. Tasmiṃ samaye. Sattāhanti satta ahāni sattāhaṃ, accantasaṃyogatthe etaṃ upayogavacanaṃ. Yasmā bhagavā taṃ sattāhaṃ nirantaratāya accantameva phalasamāpattisukhena vihāsi, tasmā sattāhanti accantasaṃyogavasena upayogavacanaṃ vuttaṃ. Ekapallaṅkenāti visākhāpuṇṇamāya anatthaṅgateyeva sūriye aparājitapallaṅkavare vajirāsane nisinnakālato paṭṭhāya sakimpi anuṭṭhahitvā yathāābhujitena ekeneva pallaṅkena.

Vimuttisukhapaṭisaṃvedīti vimuttisukhaṃ phalasamāpattisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvediyamāno nisinno hotīti attho. Tattha vimuttīti tadaṅgavimutti, vikkhambhanavimutti, samucchedavimutti, paṭippassaddhivimutti, nissaraṇavimuttīti pañca vimuttiyo. Tāsu yaṃ deyyadhammapariccāgādīhi tehi tehi guṇaṅgehi nāmarūpaparicchedādīhi vipassanaṅgehi ca yāva tassa tassa aṅgassa aparihānivasena pavatti, tāva taṃtaṃpaṭipakkhato vimuccanato vimuccanaṃ pahānaṃ. Seyyathidaṃ? Dānena macchariyalobhādito, sīlena pāṇātipātādito, nāmarūpavavatthānena sakkāyadiṭṭhito, paccayapariggahena ahetuvisamahetudiṭṭhīhi, tasseva aparabhāgena kaṅkhāvitaraṇena kathaṃkathībhāvato, kalāpasammasanena ‘‘ahaṃ mamā’’ti gāhato, maggāmaggavavatthānena amagge maggasaññāya, udayadassanena ucchedadiṭṭhiyā, vayadassanena sassatadiṭṭhiyā, bhayadassanena sabhaye abhayasaññāya, ādīnavadassanena assādasaññāya, nibbidānupassanena abhiratisaññāya, muccitukamyatāñāṇena amuccitukamyatāya, upekkhāñāṇena anupekkhāya, anulomena dhammaṭṭhitiyaṃ nibbāne ca paṭilomabhāvato, gotrabhunā saṅkhāranimittabhāvato vimuccanaṃ, ayaṃ tadaṅgavimutti nāma. Yaṃ pana upacārappanābhedena samādhinā yāvassa aparihānivasena pavatti, tāva kāmacchandādīnaṃ nīvaraṇānañceva, vitakkādīnañca paccanīkadhammānaṃ, anuppattisaññitaṃ vimuccanaṃ, ayaṃ vikkhambhanavimutti nāma. Yaṃ catunnaṃ ariyamaggānaṃ bhāvitattā taṃtaṃmaggavato ariyassa santāne yathārahaṃ ‘‘diṭṭhigatānaṃ pahānāyā’’tiādinā (dha. sa. 277; vibha. 628) nayena vuttassa samudayapakkhiyassa kilesagaṇassa puna accantaṃ appavattibhāvena samucchedappahānavasena vimuccanaṃ, ayaṃ samucchedavimutti nāma. Yaṃ pana phalakkhaṇe paṭippassaddhattaṃ kilesānaṃ, ayaṃ paṭippassaddhivimutti nāma. Sabbasaṅkhatanissaṭattā pana sabbasaṅkhāravimuttaṃ nibbānaṃ, ayaṃ nissaraṇavimutti nāma. Idha pana bhagavato nibbānārammaṇā phalavimutti adhippetā. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘vimuttisukhapaṭisaṃvedīti vimuttisukhaṃ phalasamāpattisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvediyamāno nisinno hotīti attho’’ti.

Vimuttīti ca upakkilesehi paṭippassaddhivasena cittassa vimuttabhāvo, cittameva vā tathā vimuttaṃ veditabbaṃ, tāya vimuttiyā jātaṃ sampayuttaṃ vā sukhaṃ vimuttisukhaṃ. ‘‘Yāyaṃ, bhante, upekkhā sante sukhe vuttā bhagavatā’’ti (ma. ni. 2.88) vacanato upekkhāpi cettha sukhamicceva veditabbā. Tathā ca vuttaṃ sammohavinodaniyaṃ ‘‘upekkhā pana santattā, sukhamicceva bhāsitā’’ti (vibha. aṭṭha. 232). Bhagavā hi catutthajjhānikaṃ arahattasamāpattiṃ samāpajjati, na itaraṃ. Atha vā ‘‘tesaṃ vūpasamo sukho’’tiādīsu yathā saṅkhāradukkhūpasamo sukhoti vuccati, evaṃ sakalakilesadukkhūpasamabhāvato aggaphale labbhamānā paṭippassaddhivimutti eva idha sukhanti veditabbā. Tayidaṃ vimuttisukhaṃ maggavīthiyaṃ kālantareti phalacittassa pavattivibhāgena duvidhaṃ hoti. Ekekassa hi ariyamaggassa anantarā tassa tasseva vipākabhūtāni nibbānārammaṇāni tīṇi dve vā phalacittāni uppajjanti anantaravipākattā lokuttarakusalānaṃ. Yasmiñhi javanavāre ariyamaggo uppajjati, tattha yadā dve anulomāni, tadā tatiyaṃ gotrabhu, catutthaṃ maggacittaṃ, tato paraṃ tīṇi phalacittāni honti. Yadā pana tīṇi anulomāni, tadā catutthaṃ gotrabhu, pañcamaṃ maggacittaṃ, tato paraṃ dve phalacittāni honti. Evaṃ catutthaṃ pañcamaṃ appanāvasena pavattati, na tato paraṃ bhavaṅgassa āsannattā. Keci pana ‘‘chaṭṭhampi cittaṃ appetī’’ti vadanti, taṃ aṭṭhakathāsu (visuddhi. 2.811) paṭikkhittaṃ. Evaṃ maggavīthiyaṃ phalaṃ veditabbaṃ. Kālantare phalaṃ pana phalasamāpattivasena pavattaṃ, nirodhā vuṭṭhahantassa uppajjamānañca eteneva saṅgahitaṃ. Sā panāyaṃ phalasamāpatti atthato lokuttarakusalānaṃ vipākabhūtā nibbānārammaṇā appanāti daṭṭhabbā.