Maraṇaniddeso

193. Maraṇaniddese cavanakavasena cuti; ekacatupañcakkhandhāya cutiyā sāmaññavacanametaṃ. Cavanatāti bhāvavacanena lakkhaṇanidassanaṃ. Bhedoti cutikhandhānaṃ bhaṅguppattiparidīpanaṃ. Antaradhānanti ghaṭassa viya bhinnassa bhinnānaṃ cutikhandhānaṃ yena kenaci pariyāyena ṭhānābhāvaparidīpanaṃ. Maccu maraṇanti maccusaṅkhātaṃ maraṇaṃ. Kālo nāma antako, tassa kiriyā kālakiriyā. Ettāvatā sammutiyā maraṇaṃ dīpitaṃ hoti.

Idāni paramatthena dīpetuṃ khandhānaṃ bhedotiādimāha. Paramatthena hi khandhāyeva bhijjanti, na satto nāma koci marati. Khandhesu pana bhijjamānesu satto marati bhinnesu matoti vohāro hoti. Ettha ca catupañcavokāravasena khandhānaṃ bhedo, ekavokāravasena kaḷevarassa nikkhepo; catuvokāravasena vā khandhānaṃ bhedo, sesadvayavasena kaḷevarassa nikkhepo veditabbo. Kasmā? Bhavadvayepi rūpakāyasaṅkhātassa kaḷevarassa sambhavato. Yasmā vā cātumahārājikādīsu khandhā bhijjanteva, na kiñci nikkhipati, tasmā tesaṃ vasena khandhānaṃ bhedo. Manussādīsu kaḷevarassa nikkhepo. Ettha ca kaḷevarassa nikkhepakaraṇato maraṇaṃ ‘‘kaḷevarassa nikkhepo’’ti vuttaṃ.

Jīvitindriyassa upacchedoti iminā indriyabaddhasseva maraṇaṃ nāma hoti, anindriyabaddhassa maraṇaṃ nāma natthīti dasseti. ‘Sassaṃ mataṃ, rukkho mato’ti idaṃ pana vohāramattameva. Atthato pana evarūpāni vacanāni sassādīnaṃ khayavayabhāvameva dīpenti. Idaṃ vuccati maraṇanti idaṃ sabbampi maraṇaṃ nāma kathiyati.

Apicettha khaṇikamaraṇaṃ, sammutimaraṇaṃ, samucchedamaraṇanti ayampi bhedo veditabbo. Tattha ‘khaṇikamaraṇaṃ’ nāma pavatte rūpārūpadhammānaṃ bhedo. ‘Tisso mato, phusso mato’ti idaṃ ‘sammutimaraṇaṃ’ nāma. Khīṇāsavassa appaṭisandhikā kālakiriyā ‘samucchedamaraṇaṃ’ nāma. Imasmiṃ panatthe sammutimaraṇaṃ adhippetaṃ. Jātikkhayamaraṇaṃ, upakkamamaraṇaṃ, sarasamaraṇaṃ, āyukkhayamaraṇaṃ, puññakkhayamaraṇantipi tasseva nāmaṃ. Tayidaṃ cutilakkhaṇaṃ, viyogarasaṃ, vippavāsapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ.

‘Maraṇassa dukkhaṭṭho veditabbo’ti ettha pana idampi sayaṃ na dukkhaṃ, dukkhassa pana vatthubhāvena dukkhanti vuttaṃ. Maraṇantikāpi hi sārīrikā vedanā, paṭivāte gahitā ādittatiṇukkā viya, sarīraṃ nidahanti. Narakanimittādīnaṃ upaṭṭhānakāle balavadomanassaṃ uppajjati. Iti imesaṃ dvinnampi dukkhānaṃ vatthubhāvena dukkhanti veditabbaṃ. Api ca –

Pāpassa pāpakammādi, nimittamanupassato;

Bhaddassāpasahantassa, viyogaṃ piyavatthukaṃ.

Mīyamānassa yaṃ dukkhaṃ, mānasaṃ avisesato;

Sabbesañcāpi yaṃ sandhi-bandhanacchedanādikaṃ.

Vitujjamānamammānaṃ, hoti dukkhaṃ sarīrajaṃ;

Asayhamappaṭikāraṃ, dukkhassetassidaṃ yato;

Maraṇaṃ vatthu tenetaṃ, dukkhamicceva bhāsitanti.

Apica imāni jātijarāmaraṇāni nāma imesaṃ sattānaṃ vadhakapaccāmittā viya otāraṃ gavesantāni vicaranti. Yathā hi purisassa tīsu paccāmittesu otārāpekkhesu vicarantesu eko vadeyya – ‘‘ahaṃ asukaaraññassa nāma vaṇṇaṃ kathetvā etaṃ ādāya tattha gamissāmi, ettha mayhaṃ dukkaraṃ natthī’’ti. Dutiyo vadeyya ‘‘ahaṃ tava etaṃ gahetvā gatakāle pothetvā dubbalaṃ karissāmi, ettha mayhaṃ dukkaraṃ natthī’’ti. Tatiyo vadeyya – ‘‘tayā etasmiṃ pothetvā dubbale kate tiṇhena asinā sīsacchedanaṃ nāma mayhaṃ bhāro hotū’’ti. Te evaṃ vatvā tathā kareyyuṃ.

Tattha paṭhamapaccāmittassa araññassa vaṇṇaṃ kathetvā taṃ ādāya tattha gatakālo viya suhajjañātimaṇḍalato nikkaḍḍhitvā yattha katthaci nibbattāpanaṃ nāma jātiyā kiccaṃ. Dutiyassa pothetvā dubbalakaraṇaṃ viya nibbattakkhandhesu nipatitvā parādhīnamañcaparāyaṇabhāvakaraṇaṃ jarāya kiccaṃ. Tatiyassa tiṇhena asinā sīsacchedanaṃ viya jīvitakkhayapāpanaṃ maraṇassa kiccanti veditabbaṃ.

Apicettha jātidukkhaṃ sādīnavamahākantārappaveso viya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Jarādukkhaṃ tattha annapānarahitassa dubbalyaṃ viya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Maraṇadukkhaṃ dubbalassa iriyāpathapavattane vihataparakkamassa vāḷādīhi anayabyasanāpādanaṃ viya daṭṭhabbanti.