11. Vise

Kintaṃ visesana micchāha-‘yami’ccādi, yaṃ avatthāpayati taṃ vuccatīti sambandho, kintaṃ visessamiccāha-‘yadaneke’ccādi, yaṃ avatthā pīyate tamabhidhīyateti sambandho, nanvekatthenetyuccamāne visesseneti kathamavagamyate, yato evaṃ vivaritavā tyāsaṅkiyāha- ‘yadipi’ccādi.

Sambandhisaddattāti evaṃ maññate ‘‘sambandhisaddā sakatthamiva niyatampaṭi-yoginamākkhipanti… tena vinā tesaṃ sakatthassāsambhavāti, vivaritavāti vivarittha, ekatthenetīmassa samānādhikaraṇena saha samāso hotīti evaṃ sājjhāhāro attho veditabbo, atthasaddassānekatthattā viseseti ‘attho abhidheyyo’ti. Kathaṃ tenattho vuccatītyāha- ‘adhikarīyati’ccādi.

Visessassa samānādhikaraṇattañca visesanāpekkhanti sambandho. Visessasaddassa visesanena saha samānādhikaraṇattaṃ visesana saddāpekkhanti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo, tattha kāraṇamāha- ‘sambandhā’ti, adhikaraṇassa samānattaṃ nāma bhinnānaṃ sambandhīnaṃ bhavati, sambandhino ca sambandhamantarena na hontī [hoti (potthake)] ti visesanavisessānaṃ sambandho viññāyate, evaṃ viññātā tasmā sambandhāti attho.

Saddabyatirekena hettha atthānaṃ visesanavisessabhāvo na sambhavati, tathā hi ‘nīlamuppala’nti pañca vatthūni sannihitāni nīlanti nīlattaṃ guṇasāmaññaṃ, nīlo guṇo, tadādhāro dabbanti tīṇi, uppalanti uppalattaṃ uppalajāti, dabbañca tannissayoti dve.

Tattha uppalajāti guṇajātīnaṃ [nīlajātiuppalajābhadhanaṃ (kātantaṭīkā)] tāva na sambhavati visesanavisessabhāvo jātiyā nigguṇattā, nīlattassa ca nīlaguṇe samavāyino, uppalattassa ca uppaladabbe samavāyino samānādhikaraṇattampi natthi, uppalajātiyā nīlassa ca guṇassa atthi samānādhikaraṇattaṃ… nīla muppalanti pavattinimittānaṃ uppalajātinīlaguṇānamekamadhi karaṇaṃnissayoti, visesana visessabhāvo tu natthi jātiyā anīlattā, guṇadabbānantu sambhavativisesanavisessattaṃ dabbassānekaguṇattā, samānantu tesamparamadhikaraṇaṃ tatiyaṃ natthi, yena samānādhikaraṇattaṃ siyā, evaṃ nīladabba uppaladabbānampi aññamaññaparihārena vattumicchitānaṃ na visesana visessabhāvo, nāpi samānādhikaraṇattaṃ, kasmā aññamaññāsambandhato apekkhābhāvato, vuttapaṭipakkhato pana vakkhamānanayena saddānameva sāmānādhikaraṇyaṃ visesanavisessattañca veditabbaṃ, tenevāha-‘atoyeve’ccādi.

Atoyevāti yato visessassa samānādhikaraṇattaṃ visesanāpekkhaṃ, atoyeva hetutoti attho, bhinnanimittappa yuttānamevāti sāmaññena nīlaguṇādhāre dabbe guṇeyeva vā nīlasaddassa, uppalasaddassa ca sāmaññena guṇavati dabbe vattamānattā aññamaññesu bhinnesu saddappavattiyā kāraṇesu payuttānaṃ saddānameva [niṭṭhānameva (potthake)].

Samānādhikaraṇattanti nīluppalasaddānaṃ visuṃvisuṃ yoge visiṭṭhadabba vācittassāsambhavā, nīlañca taṃ uppalaṃ ceti sāmānādhikaraṇye sannipatite sati sambhavā evaṃ tattha visiṭṭhe vatthumhi pavattānaṃ tesaṃ samānatthatā, evakārena byavacchinnamatthaṃ dassetumāha-‘natvabhinne’ccādi.

Nanucetyādi codyaṃ, sīsampātīti sīsapā rukkhaviseso, nayida mevamiccādi parihāro.

Atha tuccateiccādinā parassa vacanāvakāsamāsaṅkate, visesavuttīti phalassa rukkhassa ca sāmaññasaddattā bhāvena visese vutti, imesanti sīsapādīnaṃ na samodhāritāti na nicchitā, sāmaññavuttiyeva samodhāritāti adhippāyo, avasitā nicchitā vutti yesaṃ sīsapādīnaṃ te avasitavuttayo, payatanaṃ vinā tadā pappoti cāti sambandho, payatananti ‘sāmatthiyaladdhepivisesse’tivacanaṃ. Tañcanatthiccādi parihāro, sarūpamattakathanāyāti vuttatthānampi sarūpamattakathanāya ‘pūpe bahū ānaye’ti yathā, evaṃ jātīyakanti sarūpakathanappakārayuttaṃ. Upasaṃharamāha-‘tadeva’miccādi, nipātasamudāyovāyaṃ vuttena pakārenetyassa atthe vattate.

Aññatarasambhavepi tannivattiyā vacanasabbhāvaṃ dassetumāha- ‘athapi’ccādi, aññatarasambhavepīti visesanassa visessassa vā sambhavepi, yatrapyubhinnamatthi visesanavisessabhāvasambhavo tatthapitāva bahulaṃvacanatova nivatti hoti, kimpanā-ññatarasambhaveti dassetumāha-‘yathā puṇṇo’iccādi, ettha pana aññepi puṇṇanāmakā santīti byabhicārasambhavā ubhinnampi visesanavisessabhāvasambhave bahulaṃvacanameva samāsaṃ nivatteti, evaṃ vidhepīti aññatarasambhavepi, na kevalaṃ visesanavisessabhāvasambhave, atha kho evaṃ vidhepyañña tarasambhavepityavisaddassa attho.

Yajjevamiccādi paccekaṃ visesanavisessabhāve sati aniṭṭhā pādanacodanā, paccekaṃ visesanaṃ siyā ubhinnampi visesanattā, tattha dosamāha-‘visessassaca pubbanipāto’ti, co-vadhāraṇe, vattabbantarasamuccaye vā, kutoccāha- ‘nāggahite’ccādi, iti kāraṇe, ato kimaniṭṭhamāyāta miccāha- ‘uppalanīlantipi siyā’ti, itthañcarahi kintyāha- ‘nīluppalanti ce’ccādi. Parihāramāha-‘nesadoso’ccādi, upapattyantaramāha- ‘atha ce’ccādi.

Aññamaññānupakārittāti aññamaññassa visesanavisessatte nānupakārittā sappadhānattāti attho, atha dvinnampi appadhānattaṃ kasmā na siyā tyāha- ‘appadhānattepi’ccādi, sakasakappadhānāpekkhāvantānanti sakesake padhāne attani apekkhāvantānaṃ. Atha kuto dabbasseva padhānattamasitaṃ, na tu guṇassetyāsaṅkiya ñāyamupanissayati ‘atha ce’tyādinā. Chāgotyajo vuccate, taṃ setavaṇṇamālabhetha māreyya, phusanaṃ vā kareyyāti attho, āpubbo labhi hi māraṇe phusane ca vattate, desanāyanti [codanāyanti codanāvākya (potthake)] vedavākyeti attho, kuto chāgato-ñño nālabbhateccāha- ‘na hi’ccādi.

Chāgābhāveti setaguṇayuttassa chāgassābhāve, piṭṭhapiṇḍimālabbhāti setaguṇayogena viṭṭhapiṇḍiṃ ālambha, na ca nālambhate tasmā guṇo appadhānanti ajjhāharitabbaṃ.

Puna codento āha- ‘nanu ce’ccādi, athetyadhippāyamāsaṅkate, aniṭṭhamāpādayati nīlasaddepi pasaṅgo’ti, kutoccāha- ‘sopihi’ccādi, idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti- ‘‘uppalasaddo jātivācī, na tu dabbavācī, jāti visiṭṭhadabbavācittā yadi dabbavācīti vuccate, tadā nīlasaddopi guṇavisiṭṭha dabbavācittā dabbavacanamāpajjatīti imesaṃ na koci viseso’’ti, pariharanto āha ‘nedamatthi’ccādi, apāyino apagantāro dabbāti gamyate, kutoccāha- ‘satīpi’ccādi, iti kāraṇe.

Visesanamekattheneti siddhepi papañcatthaṃ paripphuṭatthañca udāharaṇabahuttaṃ dassetuṃ pāṇiniyehi bahuṃ suttitaṃ, sabbassetassa paccakkhātabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ vuttiyamudāharaṇamattaṃ dassitaṃ, tadidāni byākhyātukāmo āha- ‘pubbakāle’ccādi, chinnoca visesanantī sambandho ‘‘pubbakāleka sabbadhurapurāṇanavakevalāni samānādhikaraṇene’’ti (2-1-49) te samettha suttaṃ, tatthekādīnaṃ vuttiyamudāharaṇāni na dassitānyupalakkhaṇatova viññāyantīti dassetumāha- ‘eke’ccādi, eko ca so purisocātyādinā viggaho upalakkhaṇattāyeva ca ‘satta ca te isayo ca sattisayo’ccādikañca daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Upamīyate paricchijjate-nenetyupamānaṃ, upamīyatītyupameyyaṃ, tesaṃ upamānopameyyānaṃ sādhāraṇo yo dhammo sāmatātena visiṭṭhaṃ yadupameyyaṃ, taṃ vacanenetyattho upamānopameyyaccādi kassa, samāso bhavatīti seso, kāraṇamāha- ‘visese’ccādi, visesāpariggahāti visesanantyeva sāmaññena pariggahā, evambhū tassāpīti upamānarūpassāpi. Nanu satthīsaddassasatthiyaṃ vutti sāmāsaddassa tu devadattāya, ato byadhikaraṇattā kathamettha samāsoccāsaṅkīyāha- ‘yade’ccādi, samāno dhammo sāmattādi yassa so sadhammo, tassa bhāvo sādhammiyaṃ sāmattaṃ, tasmā devadattātthe vattate upacāravasena, sāmāsaddopi guṇavacanopi sāmattaṃ vatvā saddhādittavasenābhedopacārena vā devadattāyaṃ vattate, nanu ca sāmāsaddassa devadattābhidhāne caritatthatāya satthī guṇena niddiṭṭhātyaniyataguṇappatītippasaṅgo nekaguṇādhārattā satthiyātyāsaṅkiyāha- ‘yadipi’ccādi.

Ihāti niddhāraṇe, etesaṃ guṇānaṃ majjheti attho, iha vā satthiyaṃ, sāmaguṇavantatāya sāmāyāti gamyate, pasiddhivasenāti satthisāmātyatropamānaṃ satthī, upameyyā devadattā, pasiddhantupamānaṃ bhavati nāppasiddhaṃ… pasiddhasādhammiyā sādhyu sādhanamupamānanti katvā satthiyeva sāmaṅguṇena pasiddhā na devadattā, tasmā sāmaguṇappasiddhiyāti attho. Sādhyute upamīyateneneti sādhanamupamānaṃ, sādhyate upadhīyateti sādhyamupameyyaṃ, pasiddhassa sādhammiyaṃ tena, sādhyassāppasiddhassa kassaci sādhanaṃ sādhyasādhanaṃ. Yatratviccādinā bahulaṃvacanasāmatthiyā sāmaññavacaneneva samāsasabbhāvaṃ vatvā aññenāsabbhāvamudāharaṇena phuṭayituṃ ‘phālā iva taṇḍulā’tyādi āraddhaṃ.

Taṇḍulasaddoti upameyyabhūtataṇḍulasaddo, taṇḍulattampi vatvā dabbe pavatto sāmaññavacano natu bhavatīti sambandho, dabbeti taṇḍuladabbe phāladabbe ca.

Upamānopameyyasādhāraṇasūrattādidhammavacanāppayogeti upamānopameyyānaṃ sādhāraṇo yo visāradattādidhammo tabbacanassa ‘muni ayaṃ sīho viya visārado’tyādo visāradādisaddassāppayogeti attho, kesañciti kesañci saddānaṃ majjhe, visessattameva phuṭayati. ‘Tathā ce’tyādinā, visesanavisessānaṃ yathiṭṭhattā niccaṃ sīhādīnaṃ visessatāyeva vacanicchāti pubbanipātattāppasaṅgoti bhāvo, upapatyantaramāha-‘visesanasseve’ccādi, yadipi sīho visesanameva na visessaṃ, tathāpi bahulādhikārā visesanassāpi paranipātoti bhāvo.

Athātrāpi visesananteva samāsappaṭipādane’muni ayaṃ sīhova visārado’ccādo sāmatthiyatova samāsāppasaṅgepi upamāno pameyyānaṃ sādhāraṇavisāradattādidhammavacanāppayoge sati tappasaṅgābhāvatthaṃ vacanamārabbhanīyanti codeti ‘nanuce’tyādinā, sāmatthiyatoti sāmaññavacanappayoge sāpekkhattā samāsāppasaṅgoti sāmatthiyaṃ tasmāti attho. Sāmaññappayogatthanti samāsavākye sāmaññavacanassa sūrattādi(no), appayogatthaṃ, tathā hiccādinā sāmaññasaddappayoge sāmatthiyato samāsāsabbhāvā suttantarassānārabbhanīyabhāvaṃ sādheti.

Visesānantabbhāvāti sāmaññassa samāse antobhāvepi tikhīṇattādito visiṭṭhassa sūrassādivacanīyassa visesassa samāse anantogadhattā appasaṅgo sāpekkhamasamatthanti. Atheti ‘saccameta’ntiādiṃ paravacanamāsaṅkiya vadati, evamādisijjhanatthaṃ samāsoti (ñāpanatthaṃ) ārabbhanīyambhavatīti sambandho.

Padhānassāti ‘raññopuriso-bhirūpo’tettha abhirūpasāpekkhassa purisassa visesanattenevā [visesanaṃ tenevā (potthake)] ppadhānaṃ, samāsāvayavabhūtaṃ rājānaṃ pati visessabhāvenāviphalitasakatthatāya padhānabhūtassa purisassa. Ādisaddena ‘rājapurisassa dassanīyassa geha’nti saṅgaṇhāti.

Ettha hi gehampati visesanabhāvenāppadhānattepi rājānampati padhānabhūtassa purisassa sāpekkhassāpi samāso hoteva. Idañcañāpanatthaṃ vacanārambhappayojanañca, kāraṇamāha- ‘gamakattā’iccādi.

Gamakattāti viggahavākyatthassa vuttiyampatīyamānattā gamakattaṃ tasmā, naceha gamakattamatthīti ‘muni sīhova sūro’tyatra tu vākyato yottho patīyate, nāyaṃ ‘muni sīho sūro’tyato gamyateti gamakattaṃ natthī-ti attho, tathāhi munisīhasaddenevo pamānopameyyabhāvanimittassa visāradattassa sabhāvenevopādānato visāradasaddassa tena sambandhābhāvo.

Apavaggo nibbānaṃ, vākyameveti evakārena byavacchinnamatthampadassayamāha- ‘vuttinivattetī’ti bahulādhikārato viññāyati, nanu cātra visessabhāvāsambhavāppasaṅgoyeva vuttiyāti codeti. ‘Nanuce’tyādinā.

Puṇṇatābyabhicārāti puṇṇatāsaṅkhātassa bālādiavatthāvisesassa avināppavattito byabhicārī hi visessambhavati yathā nīlatāyuppalaṃ, pariharati ‘nedamatti’ccādinā, mantāṇiputtānaṃ anekattāti kevalaṃ mantāṇiyā putto puṇṇoyevāti abhāvā tesaṃ bahubhāvato, attano attano gahassa patayoti gahapatīnaṃ bahuttaṃ pākaṭameva.

Vuttiyeveti evakārena byavacchinnamatthamāha-‘vākyaṃ nivattetī’ti. Visiṭṭhajātivacanāti vuttaṃ kaṇhasappajātiyā lohitasālijātiyā ca visiṭṭhattā.

Tacchako sappoti byākhyeyamupanikkhippacodayamāha- ‘nanu ce’ccādi. Tacchakabhāvānapetoti bālayuvattādisaṅkhātatacchakabhāvato abyāvutto, atthināmadheyyoti tacchako nāma koci tannāmo atthi, kiriyāsaddoti tacchatīti tacchakoti evaṃ kiriyāya pavattinimittattenopādinno vaḍḍhakīvācī tacchakasaddo, evaṃ maññate ‘‘yathāvuttanayena visesanavisessasabbhāvā samāsena bhavitabbaṃ, tathā sati kimidaṃ paccudāharaṇaṃ kata’’nti. Atra kenaci na nāmadheyyassetyādi nopajāyatevātyetadavasānaṃ vuccamānamanudyataṃ nirākattukāmo āha-‘yopā he’ccādi.

Imassāyamadhippāyo ‘‘vuttanayena tacchakasaddassa kiriyā saddassātthavisayāpekkhāyābhāvato visessattābhāvā paccudāharaṇamidaṃ kata’’nti.

Kasmā ayuttamiccāha-‘yato’ccādi, nāmadheyyassa kiriyāvācino ca atthābhidhānasāmatthiyaṃ tulyaṃ vā na vā, avayavappasiddhiyā samudāyappasiddhi balavati vā navetyetaṃ vicāretuṃ yato nādhikatantyattho, kiñcarahi adhikatantyāha- ‘apitvi’ccādi, tacchakasaddonekatthavutti nānekatthoti vicāretumadhikatanti yojanā.

Evaṃ maññate- ‘‘visesanavisessabhāvacintāyaṃ saddānamatthābhidhānasāmatthiyacintā na yujjate ‘sati sambhave byabhicāre ca visesanaṃ sātthakaṃ hotī’ti visesanaṃ maggīyate, nāsambhave nābyabhicāre yathā sītaṃ (himaṃ) uṇhoggīti, tasmā sambhavabyabhicāracintā visesanavisessabhāvacintāyamupayujjatīti tacchakasaddo-nekatthavuttivā na vetyetadeva vicāretumadhikatanti katthacipi visesanavisessa sabbhāve samāso hotevā’’ti, yadipi nāmadheyyakiriyāvācīnamatulyamatthābhidhānaṃ samudāyappasiddhiyā ca balavatittaṃ, tathāpi vakkhamānanayena samāsasabbhāvā na kāci hānīti dassetumāha- ‘ettha cā’tiādi.

Etthacāti keci pakkhe ca, kañci pīḷamāvahatīti sambandho, kutoccāha ‘tathāhi’ccādi. Evaṃ maññate- ‘‘yadīpi samudāyappasiddhiyā sati kiriyāsaddatthavisayāpekkhā nopajāyate, tathāpi nāmadheyyasseva tacchakasaddassāpyanekatthavuttittamattheva… sappavisese manusse ca tannāmake nāmadheyyassa tacchakasaddassa pavattisabbhāvā(ti) visesanavisessasabbhāvato samāsappasaṅgo tadavattho yevā’’ti, na kevalaṃ sappavisesasseva tacchakasaddo nāmadheyyamapitu manussānampīti pisaddattho. Tacchakasaddassānekatthavuttittepi na samudāyappasiddhiyā avayavappasiddhībādhāti dassetumāha- ‘nacā’tiādi. Co-vadhāraṇe, kutoccāha ‘kiriye’ccādi. Kamenatthappasiddhīti yaṃ, etampana sakkā viññātunti yojanā.

Yanti yaṃ pasijjhanaṃ, kamenāti bādhābhāvato anukkamena. Evañceti iminā nacetyādinā vuttaṃ paccāmasati… kimpaṭivihitaṃ siyā parihaṭaṃ siyāti attho, iti iminā kāraṇena ‘tacchako sappo’ti paccudāharaṇaṃ na yuttaṃ… tacchakasappoti samāsasabbhāvatoti adhippāyo, nedamevamiccādinā pariharati, yadā carati yathā vuttena visesanavisessabhāvasambhavo, tadā kathaṃtyāha- ‘yadā visesane’ccādi. Tadāpi kathaṃ vākyena bhavitabbamiccāha- ‘idañce’ccādi. Bahulaṃvacanatoyevāti adhippāyo.

Aññassāti kammani sambandhavacanicchāyaṃ chaṭṭhī. Avacchedakattāti ettha kattunā bhavitabbanti kāḷassāti kattari bhāvayoge chaṭṭhiyā ajjhāharitabbaṃ. Pattāpannehi dutiyantassa jīvikampatto jīvikā pannoti samāso ‘kārakaṃ bahula’’nteva (caṃ-2-2-19) vihito dutiyantena tu tesaṃ samāsatthaṃ suttantaraṃ kataṃ parehi, atthañca tesamitthiliṅgānampi samāseneva, kāranivattiyā, tathā māso jātassāti viggahe parimāṇivācinā chaṭṭhiyantena parimāṇavacanānaṃ kālasaddānaṃ, tadāha- ‘pattāpannāna’miccādi, parimāṇaṃ māsādi paricchedo tamassatthīti parimāṇī jātādi.

Ettha hi māso parimāṇaṃ paricchedakattā, jāto parimāṇī paricchejjattā, pattā jīvikānenāti [patto jīvikanti pāṭhena bhavitabbaṃ] vacanicchāyaṃ yo-ttho so- ñāpadatthasamāsepyatinno vacanicchābhedamantarenātidassetuṃ ‘aññapadatthe bhavissatī’ti yaṃ vuttiyaṃ vuttaṃ, taṃ byākhyātukāmo āha- ‘vānekaññatthe iccevā’tiādi. Aññattha samāse kate sabbattha ‘‘itthiyaṃ bhāsite’’ccādinā (3-67) pumbhāvo. Māso jātassāti vacanicchāyaṃ yo-ttho, so-ññatthasamāsepyabhinno vacanicchābheda mantarenāti dassetumāha- ‘yassa jātādino’ccādi.

Jātasaddassatthamāha sampannoti, sampuṇṇotyattho, iminā ca māso jāto-ssāti viggahassa attho dassito, aññathāti yadi māso tassa aññapadatthassa jātādino sampuṇṇo na bhātīti attho. Ttattavantūnaṃ niṭṭhāsaññaṃ vidhāya tadantassaññatthasamāse ‘‘niṭṭhā’’ti (2-2-36) suttena pubbanipāto vutto, tadāha- ‘nace’ccādi, pubbanipātappasaṅgo naca siyātisambandho, kutoccāha- ‘jāti’ccādi. Kesañciti vākyakāramāha, naca yuttanti sambandho, kāraṇamāha- ‘visesana’meccādi, tathāhiccādinā visesanassa sātthakatte samāsabbhāvamabhāve cābhāvaṃ sādheti… chaṭṭhīsamāse ‘sati sambhave byabhicāre ca visesanassa sātthakambhavatīti visesanassa sātthakattā.

Avacanepīti niyamavacane (a)satīpi, chaṭṭhīsamāsappasaṅgo carahi vuttanayena byavacchejja byavacchedakattābhāvena visesanānatthakyā na bhaveyya ce vākyenāpi na bhavitabbanti āha- ‘vākyaṃ tvi’ccādi. Ayampana visesanasamāso parehi kammadhārayoti ñāyati… yathā kammaṃ kiriyaṃ payojanañca dhāreti evamayaṃ samāso kammamiva dvayaṃ dhārayatīti.