Vipassanāñāṇakathāvaṇṇanā

234. ‘‘Puna caparaṃ mahārāja (pāḷiyaṃ natthi) bhikkhū’’ti vatvāpi kimatthaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘so’’ti padaṃ puna vuttanti codanāyāha ‘‘so…pe… dassetī’’ti, yathārutavasena, neyyatthavasena ca vuttāsu aṭṭhasu samāpattīsu ciṇṇavasitāvisiṭṭhaṃ bhikkhuṃ dassetuṃ evaṃ vuttanti adhippāyo. Sesanti ‘‘so’’ti padatthato sesaṃ ‘‘evaṃ samāhite’’tiādīsu vattabbaṃ sādhippāyamatthajātaṃ. Ñeyyaṃ jānātīti ñāṇaṃ, tadeva paccakkhaṃ katvā passatīti dassanaṃ, ñāṇameva dassanaṃ na cakkhādikanti ñāṇadassanaṃ, pañcavidhampi ñāṇaṃ, tayidaṃ pana ñāṇadassanapadaṃ sāsane yesu ñāṇavisesesu niruḷhaṃ, taṃ sabbaṃ atthuddhāravasena dassento ‘‘ñāṇadassananti maggañāṇampi vuccatī’’tiādimāha. Ñāṇadassanavisuddhatthanti ñāṇadassanassa visuddhipayojanāya. Phāsuvihāroti ariyavihārabhūto sukhavihāro. Bhagavatopīti na kevalaṃ devatārocanameva, atha kho tadā bhagavatopi ñāṇadassanaṃ udapādīti attho. Sattāhaṃ kālaṅkatassa assāti sattāhakālaṅkato. ‘‘Kālāmo’’ti gottavasena vuttaṃ. Cetovimutti [vimutti (aṭṭhakathāyaṃ)] nāma arahattaphalasamāpatti. Yasmā vipassanāñāṇaṃ ñeyyasaṅkhāte tebhūmakasaṅkhāre aniccādito jānāti, bhaṅgānupassanato ca paṭṭhāya paccakkhato te passati, tasmā yathāvuttaṭṭhena ñāṇadassanaṃ nāma jātanti dasseti ‘‘idha panā’’tiādinā.

Abhinīharatīti vipassanābhimukhaṃ cittaṃ tadaññakaraṇīyato nīharitvā haratīti ayaṃ saddato attho, adhippāyato pana taṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘vipassanāñāṇassā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tadabhimukhabhāvoyeva hissa tanninnatādikaraṇaṃ, taṃ pana vuttanayena aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgate tasmiṃ citte vipassanākkamena jāte vipassanābhimukhaṃ cittapesanamevāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tanninnanti tassaṃ vipassanāyaṃ ninnaṃ. Itaradvayaṃ tasseva vevacanaṃ. Tassaṃ poṇaṃ vaṅkaṃ pabbhāraṃ nīcanti attho. Brahmajāle vuttoyeva. Odanakummāsehi upacīyati vaḍḍhāpīyati, upacayati vā vaḍḍhatīti atthaṃ sandhāya ‘‘odanenā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Aniccucchādanaparimaddanabhedanaviddhaṃsanadhammoti ettha ‘‘aniccadhammo’’tiādinā dhammasaddo paccekaṃ yojetabbo. Tattha aniccadhammoti pabhaṅgutāya addhuvasabhāvo. Duggandhavighātatthāyāti sarīre duggandhassa vigamāya. Ucchādanadhammoti ucchādetabbatāsabhāvo, imassa pūtikāyassa duggandhabhāvato gandhodakādīhi ubbaṭṭanavilimpanajātikoti attho. Ucchādanena hi pūtikāye sedavātapittasemhādīhi garubhāvaduggandhānamapagamo hoti. Mahāsambāhanaṃ mallādīnaṃ bāhuvaḍḍhanādiatthaṃva hoti, aṅgapaccaṅgābādhavinodanatthaṃ pana khuddakasambāhanameva yuttanti āha ‘‘khuddakasambāhanenā’’ti, mandasambāhanenāti attho. Parimaddanadhammoti parimadditabbatāsabhāvo.

Evaṃ aniyamitakālavasena atthaṃ vatvā idāni niyamitakālavasena atthaṃ vadati ‘‘daharakāle’’tiādinā. Vā-saddo cettha atthadassanavaseneva atthantaravikappanassa viññāyamānattā na payutto, luttaniddiṭṭho vā. Daharakāleti aciravijātakāle. Sayāpetvā añchanapīḷanādivasena parimaddanadhammoti sambandho. Mitanti bhāvanapuṃsakaniddeso, tena yathāpamāṇaṃ, mandaṃ vā añchanapīḷanādīni dasseti. Añchanañcettha ākaḍḍhanaṃ. Pīḷanaṃ sambāhanaṃ. Ādisaddena samiñjanauggamanādīni saṅgaṇhāti. Evaṃ pariharitopīti ucchādanādinā sukhedhitopi. Bhijjati cevāti aniccatādivasena nassati ca. Vikirati cāti evaṃ bhindanto ca kiñci payojanaṃ asādhento vippakiṇṇova hoti. Evaṃ navahi padehi yathārahaṃ kāye samudayavayadhammānupassitā dassitāti imamatthaṃ vibhāvento ‘‘tatthā’’tiādimāha. Tattha chahi padehīti ‘‘rūpī, cātumahābhūtiko, mātāpettikasambhavo, odanakummāsūpacayo, ucchādanadhammo, parimaddanadhammo’’ti imehi chahi padehi. Yuttaṃ tāva hotu majjhe tīhipi padehi kāyassa samudayakathanaṃ tesaṃ tadatthadīpanato, ‘‘rūpī, ucchādanadhammo, parimaddanadhammo’’ti pana tīhi tpadehi kathaṃ tassa tathākathanaṃ yuttaṃ siyā tesaṃ tadatthassa adīpanatoti? Yuttameva tesampi tadatthassa dīpitattā. ‘‘Rūpī’’ti hi idaṃ attano paccayabhūtena utuāhāralakkhaṇena rūpena rūpavāti atthassa dīpakaṃ. Paccayasaṅgamavisiṭṭhe hi tadassatthiatthe ayamīkāro. ‘‘Ucchādanadhammo, parimaddanadhammo’’ti ca idaṃ padadvayaṃ tathāvidharūpuppādanena saṇṭhānasampādanatthassa dīpakanti. Dvīhīti ‘‘bhedanadhammo, viddhaṃsanadhammo’’ti dvīhi padehi. Nissitañca kāyapariyāpanne hadayavatthumhi nissitattā vipassanācittassa. Tadā pavattañhi vipassanācittameva ‘‘idañca me viññāṇa’’nti āsannapaccakkhavasena vuttaṃ. Paṭibaddhañca kāyena vinā appavattanato, kāyasaññitānañca rūpadhammānaṃ ārammaṇakaraṇato.

235. Suṭṭhu obhāsatīti subho, pabhāsampanno maṇi, tāya eva pabhāsampattiyā maṇino bhadratāti atthamattaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘subhoti sundaro’’ti vuttaṃ. Parisuddhākarasamuṭṭhānameva maṇino suvisuddhajātitāti āha ‘‘jātimāti parisuddhākarasamuṭṭhito’’ti. Suvisuddharatanākarato samuṭṭhitoti attho. Ākaraparivisuddhimūlako eva hi maṇino kuruvindajātiādijātivisesoti. Idhādhippetassa pana veḷuriyamaṇino viḷūra (vi. va. aṭṭha. 34 ādayo vākyakkhkhndhesu passitabbaṃ) pabbatassa, viḷūra gāmassa ca avidūre parisuddhākaro. Yebhuyyena hi so tato samuṭṭhito. Tathā hesa viḷūranāmakassa pabbatassa, gāmassa ca avidūre samuṭṭhitattā veḷuriyoti paññāyittha, devaloke pavattassapi ca taṃsadisavaṇṇanibhatāya tadeva nāmaṃ jātaṃ yathā taṃ manussaloke laddhanāmavasena devaloke devatānaṃ, so pana mayūragīvāvaṇṇo vā hoti vāyasapattavaṇṇo vā siniddhaveṇupattavaṇṇo vāti ācariyadhammapālattherena paramatthadīpaniyaṃ (vi. va. aṭṭha. 34) vuttaṃ. Vinayasaṃvaṇṇanāsu (vi. vi. ṭī. 1.281) pana ‘‘allaveḷuvaṇṇo’’ti vadanti. Tathā hissa ‘‘vaṃsavaṇṇo’’tipi nāmaṃ jātaṃ. ‘‘Mañjārakkhimaṇḍalavaṇṇo’’ti ca vutto, tatoyeva so idha padese mañjāramaṇīti pākaṭo hoti. Cakkavattiparibhogārahapaṇītataramaṇibhāvato pana tasseva pāḷiyaṃ vacanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Yathāha ‘‘puna caparaṃ ānanda rañño mahāsudassanassa maṇiratanaṃ pāturahosi, so ahosi maṇi veḷuriyo subho jātimā aṭṭhaṃso’’tiādi (dī. ni. 2.248). Pāsāṇasakkharādidosanīharaṇavaseneva parikammanipphattīti dasseti ‘‘apanītapāsāṇasakkharo’’ti iminā.

Chaviyā eva saṇhabhāvena acchatā, na saṅghātassāti āha ‘‘acchoti tanucchavī’’ti. Tato ceva visesena pasannoti dassetuṃ ‘‘suṭṭhu pasanno’’ti vuttaṃ. Paribhogamaṇiratanākārasampatti sabbākārasampannatā. Tenāha ‘‘dhovanavedhanādīhī’’tiādi. Pāsāṇādīsu dhotatā dhovanaṃ, kāḷakādiapaharaṇatthāya ceva suttena āvunatthāya ca vijjhitabbatā vedhanaṃ. Ādisaddena tāpasaṇhakaraṇādīnaṃ saṅgaho. Vaṇṇasampattinti āvunitasuttassa vaṇṇasampattiṃ. Kasmāti vuttaṃ ‘‘tādisa’’ntiādi, tādisasseva āvutassa pākaṭabhāvatoti vuttaṃ hoti.

Maṇi viya karajakāyo paccavekkhitabbato. Āvutasuttaṃ viya viññāṇaṃ anupavisitvā ṭhitattā. Cakkhumā puriso viya vipassanālābhī bhikkhu sammadeva tassa dassanato, tassa purisassa maṇino āvibhūtakālo viya tassa bhikkhuno kāyassa āvibhūtakālo tannissayassa pākaṭabhāvato. Suttassāvibhūtakālo viya tesaṃ dhammānamāvibhūtakālo tannissitassa pākaṭabhāvatoti ayamettha upamāsampādane kāraṇavibhāvanā, ‘‘āvutasuttaṃ viya vipassanāñāṇa’’nti katthaci pāṭho, ‘‘idañca viññāṇa’’nti vacanato pana ‘‘viññāṇa’’nti pāṭhova sundarataro, ‘‘vipassanāviññāṇa’’nti vā bhavitabbaṃ. Vipassanāñāṇaṃ abhinīharitvāti vipassanāñāṇābhimukhaṃ cittaṃ nīharitvā.

Tatrāti veḷuriyamaṇimhi. Tadārammaṇānanti kāyasaññitarūpadhammārammaṇānaṃ. ‘‘Phassapañcamakāna’’ntiādipadattayassetaṃ visesanaṃ atthavasā liṅgavibhattivacanavipariṇāmoti katvā pacchimapadassāpi visesanabhāvato. Phassapañcamakaggahaṇena, sabbacittacetasikaggahaṇena ca gahitadhammā vipassanācittuppādapariyāpannā evāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Evañhi tesaṃ vipassanāviññāṇagatikattā āvutasuttaṃ viya ‘‘vipassanāviññāṇa’’nti heṭṭhā vuttavacanaṃ avirodhitaṃ hoti. Kasmā pana vipassanāviññāṇasseva gahaṇanti? ‘‘Idañca me viññāṇaṃ ettha sitaṃ ettha paṭibaddha’’nti iminā tasseva vacanato. ‘‘Ayaṃ kho me kāyo’’tiādinā hi vipassanāñāṇena vipassitvā ‘‘tadeva vipassanāñāṇasampayuttaṃ viññāṇaṃ ettha sitaṃ ettha paṭibaddha’’nti nissayavisayādivasena manasi karoti, tasmā tasseva idha gahaṇaṃ sambhavati, nāññassāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tenāha ‘‘vipassanāviññāṇasseva vā āvibhūtakālo’’ti. Dhammasaṅgahādīsu (dha. sa. 2 ādayo) desitanayena pākaṭabhāvato cettha phassapañcamakānaṃ gahaṇaṃ, niravasesapariggahaṇato sabbacittacetasikānaṃ, yathārutaṃ desitavasena padhānabhāvato vipassanāviññāṇassāti veditabbaṃ. Kiṃ panete paccavekkhaṇañāṇassa āvibhavanti, udāhu puggalassāti? Paccavekkhaṇañāṇasseva, tassa pana āvibhūtattā puggalassāpi āvibhūtā nāma honti, tasmā ‘‘bhikkhuno āvibhūtakālo’’ti vuttanti.

Yasmā panidaṃ vipassanāñāṇaṃ maggañāṇānantaraṃ hoti, tasmā lokiyābhiññānaṃ parato, chaṭṭhabhiññāya ca purato vattabbaṃ, atha kasmā sabbābhiññānaṃ puratova vuttanti codanālesaṃ dassetvā pariharanto ‘‘idañca vipassanāñāṇa’’ntiādimāha. ‘‘Idañca maggañāṇānantara’’nti hi iminā yathāvuttaṃ codanālesaṃ dasseti. Tattha ‘‘maggañāṇānantara’’nti sikhāppattavipassanābhūtaṃ gotrabhuñāṇaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Tadeva hi arahattamaggassa, sabbesaṃ vā maggaphalānamanantaraṃ hoti, padhānato pana tabbacaneneva sabbassapi vipassanāñāṇassa gahaṇaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ avisesato tassa idha vuttattā. Maggasaddena ca arahattamaggasseva gahaṇaṃ tassevābhiññāpariyāpannattā, abhiññāsambandhena ca codanāsambhavato. Lokiyābhiññānaṃ purato vuttaṃ vipassanāñāṇaṃ tāsaṃ nānantaratāya anupakāraṃ, āsavakkhayañāṇasaṅkhātāya pana lokuttarābhiññāya purato vuttaṃ tassā anantaratāya upakāraṃ, tasmā idaṃ lokiyābhiññānaṃ parato, chaṭṭhābhiññāya ca purato vattabbaṃ. Kasmā pana upakāraṭṭhāne tathā avatvā anupakāraṭṭhāneva bhagavatā vuttanti hi codanā sambhavati. ‘‘Evaṃ santepī’’tiādi parihāradassanaṃ. Tattha evaṃ santepīti yadipi ñāṇānupubbiyā maggañāṇassa anantaratāya upakāraṃ hoti, evaṃ satipīti attho.

Abhiññāvāreti chaḷabhiññāvasena vutte desanāvāre. Etassa antarā vāro natthīti pañcasu lokiyābhiññāsu kathitāsu ākaṅkheyyasuttādīsu (ma. ni. 1.65) viya chaṭṭhābhiññāpi avassaṃ kathetabbā abhiññālakkhaṇabhāvena tappariyāpannato, na ca vipassanāñāṇaṃ lokiyābhiññānaṃ, chaṭṭhābhiññāya ca antarā pavesetvā kathetabbaṃ anabhiññālakkhaṇabhāvena tadapariyāpannato. Iti etassa vipassanāñāṇassa tāsamabhiññānaṃ antarā vāro natthi, tasmā tattha avasarābhāvato idheva rūpāvacaracatutthajjhānānantaraṃ vipassanāñāṇaṃ kathitanti adhippāyo. ‘‘Yasmā cā’’tiādinā atthantaramāha. Tattha ca-saddo samuccayattho, tena na kevalaṃ vipassanāñāṇassa idha dassane tadeva kāraṇaṃ, atha kho idampīti imamatthaṃ samuccinātīti ācariyena (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.235) vuttaṃ. Saddavidū pana īdise ṭhāne ca-saddo vā-saddattho, so ca vikappatthoti vadanti, tampi yuttameva atthantaradassane payuttattā. Attanā payujjitabbassa hi vijjamānatthasseva jotakā upasagganipātā yathā magganidassane sākhābhaṅgā, yathā ca adissamānā jotane padīpāti evamīdisesu. Hoti cettha –

‘‘Atthantaradassanamhi, ca saddo yadi dissati;

Samuccaye vikappe so, gahetabbo vibhāvinā’’ti.

Akatasammasanassāti hetugabbhapadaṃ. Tathā katasammasanassāti ca. ‘‘Dibbena cakkhunā bheravampi rūpaṃ passatoti ettha iddhividhañāṇena bheravaṃ rūpaṃ nimminitvā maṃsacakkhunā passatotipi vattabbaṃ. Evampi hi abhiññālābhino apariññātavatthukassa bhayaṃ santāso uppajjati uccavālikavāsimahānāgattherassa viyā’’ti ācariyena (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.235) vuttaṃ. Yathā cettha, evaṃ dibbāya sotadhātuyā bheravaṃ saddaṃ suṇatoti etthāpi iddhividhañāṇena bheravaṃ saddaṃ nimminitvā maṃsasotena suṇatopīti vattabbameva. Evampi hi abhiññālābhino apariññātavatthukassa bhayaṃ santāso uppajjati uccavālikavāsimahānāgattherassa viya. Thero hi koñcanādasahitaṃ sabbasetaṃ hatthināgaṃ māpetvā disvā, sutvā ca sañjātabhayasantāsoti aṭṭhakathāsu (vibha. aṭṭha. 2.882; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.81; visuddhi. 2.733) vutto. Aniccādivasena katasammasanassa dibbāya…pe… bhayaṃ santāso na uppajjatīti sambandho. Bhayavinodanahetu nāma vipassanāñāṇena katasammasanatā, tassa, tena vā sampādanatthanti attho. Idhevāti catutthajjhānānantarameva. ‘‘Apicā’’tiādinā yathāpāṭhaṃ yuttataranayaṃ dasseti. Vipassanāya pavattaṃ pāmojjapītipassaddhiparamparāgatasukhaṃ vipassanāsukhaṃ. Pāṭiyekkanti jhānābhiññādīhi asammissaṃ visuṃ bhūtaṃ sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ. Tenāha bhagavā dhammapade –

‘‘Yato yato sammasati, khandhānaṃ udayabbayaṃ;

Labhatī pītipāmojjaṃ, amataṃ taṃ vijānata’’ntiādi. (dha. pa. 374);

Idhāpi vuttaṃ ‘‘idampi kho mahārāja sandiṭṭhikaṃ sāmaññaphalaṃ…pe… paṇītatarañcā’’ti, tasmā pāḷiyā saṃsandanato imameva nayaṃ yuttataranti vadanti. Āditovāti abhiññānamādimhiyeva.