Cūḷasīlavaṇṇanā

7. Ko anusandhīti pucchā ‘‘nanu ettakeneva yathāvuttehi avaṇṇavaṇṇehi sambandhā desanāmatthakaṃ pattā’’ti anuyogasambhavato katā. Vaṇṇena ca avaṇṇena cāti tadubhayapadena. Atthaniddeso viya hi saddaniddesopīti akkharacintakā. Atha vā tathābhāsanassa kāraṇattā, koṭṭhāsattā ca ‘‘padehī’’ti vuttaṃ. Avaṇṇena ca vaṇṇena cāti pana aguṇaguṇavasena, nindāpasaṃsāvasena ca sarūpadassanaṃ. ‘‘Nivatto amūlakatāya vissajjetabbatābhāvato’’ti (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.7) ācariyadhammapālattherena vuttaṃ. Taṃ vitthāretvā desanāya bodhetabbapuggalābhāvato ettakāva sā yuttarūpāti bhagavato ajjhāsayeneva adesanābhāvena nivatto, yathā taṃ vaṇṇabhūmiyaṃ tatiyavārotipi daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tathā bodhetabbapuggalasambhavena vissajjetabbatāya adhigatabhāvato anuvattatiyeva. Itipetaṃ bhūtanti ettha iti-saddo ādiattho taduparipi anuvattakattā, tena vakkhati ‘‘idha panā’’tiādi. Ettāvatā ayaṃ vaṇṇānusandhīti dassetvā duvidhesu pana tesu vaṇṇesu brahmadattassa vaṇṇānusandhīti dassento ‘‘so panā’’tiādimāha. Upari suññatāpakāsane anusandhiṃ dassessati ‘‘atthi bhikkhave’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.28).

Evaṃ pucchāvissajjanāmukhena samudāyatthataṃ vatvā idāni avayavatthataṃ dasseti ‘‘tatthā’’tiādinā. Appameva parito samantato khaṇḍitattā parittaṃ nāmāti āha ‘‘appamattakanti parittassa nāma’’nti. Mattā vuccati pamāṇaṃ mīyate parimīyateti katvā. Samāsantakakārena appamattakaṃ yathā ‘‘bahuputtako’’ti, evaṃ oramattakepi. Eteneva ‘‘appā mattā appamattā, sā etassāti appamattaka’’ntiādinā kapaccayassa sātthakatampi dasseti atthato abhinnattā. Mattakasaddassa anatthakabhāvato sīlameva sīlamattakaṃ. Anatthakabhāvoti ca sakatthatā purimapadattheyeva pavattanato. Na hi saddā kevalaṃ anatthakā bhavantīti akkharacintakā. Nanu ca bhagavato pāramitānubhāvena niratthakamekakkharampi mukhavaraṃ nārohati, sakalañca pariyattisāsanaṃ pade pade catusaccappakāsananti vuttaṃ, kathaṃ tassa anatthakatā sambhavatīti? Saccaṃ, tampi padantarābhihitassa atthassa visesanavasena tadabhihitaṃ atthaṃ vadati eva, so pana attho vināpi tena padantareneva sakkā viññātunti anatthakamicceva vuttanti. Nanu avocumha ‘‘anatthakabhāvo…pe… pavattanato’’ti. Apica vineyyajjhāsayānurūpavasena bhagavato desanā pavattati, vineyyā ca anādimatisaṃsāre lokiyesuyeva saddesu paribhāvitacittā, loke ca asatipi atthantarāvabodhe vācāsiliṭṭhatādivasena saddapayogo dissati ‘‘labbhati palabbhati, khañjati nikhañjati, āgacchati paccāgacchatī’’tiādinā. Tathāparicitānañca tathāvidheneva saddapayogena atthāvagamo sukho hotīti anatthakasaddapayogo vuttoti. Evaṃ sabbattha. Hoti cettha –

‘‘Padantaravacanīya-ssatthassa visesanāya;

Bodhanāya vineyyānaṃ, tathānatthapadaṃ vade’’ti.

Atha vā sīlamattakanti ettha matta-saddo visesanivattiattho ‘‘avitakkavicāramattā dhammā (dha. sa. tikamātikā) manomattā dhātu manodhātū’’ti (dha. sa. mūlaṭī. 499) ca ādīsu viya. ‘‘Appamattakaṃ oramattaka’’nti padadvayena sāmaññato vuttoyeva hi attho ‘‘sīlamattaka’’nti padena visesato vutto, tena ca sīlaṃ eva sīlamattaṃ, tadeva sīlamattakanti nibbacanaṃ kātabbanti dassetuṃ ‘‘sīlameva sīlamattaka’’nti vuttaṃ.

Ayaṃ pana aṭṭhakathāmuttako nayo – oramattakanti ettha oranti apārabhāgo ‘‘orato bhogaṃ (mahāva. 66) oraṃ pāra’’ntiādīsu viya. Atha vā heṭṭhāattho orasaddo oraṃ āgamanāya ye paccayā, te orambhāgiyāni saṃyojanānītiādīsu viya. Sīlañhi samādhipaññāyo apekkhitvā apārabhāge, heṭṭhābhāge ca hoti, ubhayatthāpi ‘‘ore pavattaṃ mattaṃ yassā’’tiādinā viggaho. Sīlamattakanti etthāpi mattasaddo amahatthavācako ‘‘bhesajjamattā’’tiādīsu viya. Atha vā sīlepi tadekadesasseva saṅgahaṇatthaṃ amahatthavācako ettha mattasaddo vutto. Tathā hi indriyasaṃvarapaccayasannissitasīlāni idha desanaṃ anāruḷhāni. Kasmāti ce? Yasmā tāni pātimokkhasaṃvaraājīvapārisuddhisīlāni viya na sabbaputhujjanesu pākaṭānīti. Mattanti cettha visesanivattiatthe napuṃsakaliṅgaṃ. Pamāṇappakatthesu pana ‘‘matta’’nti vā ‘‘mattā’’ti vā napuṃsakitthiliṅgaṃ.

‘‘Idaṃ vuttaṃ hotī’’tiādinā saha yojanāya piṇḍatthaṃ dasseti. Yena sīlena vadeyya, etaṃ sīlamattakaṃ nāmāti sambandho. ‘‘Vaṇṇaṃ vadāmīti ussāhaṃ katvāpī’’ti idaṃ ‘‘vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno’’ti etassa vivaraṇaṃ. Etena hi ‘‘ekapuggalo bhikkhave, loke uppajjamāno uppajjatī’’tiādīsu (a. ni. 1.170) viya mānasaddassa sāmatthiyatthataṃ dasseti. ‘‘Ussāhaṃ kurumāno’’ti avatvā ‘‘katvā’’ti ca vacanaṃ tvādipaccayantapadānamiva mānantapaccayantapadānampi parakiriyāpekkhamevāti dassanatthaṃ. ‘‘Tattha siyā’’tiādinā sandhāyabhāsitamatthaṃ ajānitvā nītatthameva gahetvā suttantaravirodhitaṃ maññamānassa kassaci īdisī codanā siyāti dasseti. Tatthāti tasmiṃ ‘‘appamattakaṃ kho paneta’’ntiādivacane (dī. ni. 1.7). Kammaṭṭhānabhāvane yuñjati sīlenāti yogī, tassa.

Alaṅkaraṇaṃ vibhūsanaṃ alaṅkāro, pasādhanakiriyā. Alaṃ karoti etenevāti vā alaṅkāro, kuṇḍalādipasādhanaṃ. Maṇḍīyate maṇḍanaṃ, ūnaṭṭhānapūraṇaṃ. Maṇḍīyati etenāti vā maṇḍanaṃ, mukhacuṇṇādiūnapūraṇopakaraṇaṃ. Idha pana sadisavohārena, taddhitavasena vā sīlameva tathā vuttaṃ. Maṇḍaneti maṇḍanahetu, maṇḍanakiriyānimittaṃ gatoti attho. Atha vā maṇḍati sīlenāti maṇḍano, maṇḍanajātiko puriso. Bahumhi cetaṃ jātyāpekkhāya ekavacanaṃ. Ubbāhanatthepi hi ekavacanamicchanti keci, tadayuttameva saddasatthe anāgatattā, atthayuttiyā ca abhāvato. Kathañhi ekavacananiddiṭṭhato ubbāhanakaraṇaṃ yuttaṃ siyā ekasmiṃ yevatthe ubbāhitabbassa aññassatthassa abhāvato. Tasmā vipallāsavasena bahvatthe idaṃ ekavacanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ, maṇḍanasīlesūti attho. Ācariyadhammapālattherenapi hi ayamevidha vinicchayo (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.7) vutto. Aggatanti uttamabhāvaṃ.

Assaṃ bhavissāmīti ākaṅkheyyāti sambandho. Assāti bhaveyya. Paripūrakārīti cettha iti-saddo ādiattho, pakārattho vā, tena sakalampi sīlathomanasuttaṃ dasseti.

Kikīva aṇḍanti etthāpi tadatthena iti-saddena –

‘‘Kikīva aṇḍaṃ camarīva vāladhiṃ,

Piyaṃva puttaṃ nayanaṃva ekakaṃ;

Tatheva sīlaṃ anurakkhamānā,

Supesalā hotha sadā sagāravā’’ti. (visuddhi. 1.19); –

Gāthaṃ saṅgaṇhāti. ‘‘Pupphagandho’’ti vatvā tadekadesena dassetuṃ ‘‘na candana’’ntiādi vuttaṃ. Candanaṃ tagaraṃ mallikāti hi taṃsahacaraṇato tesaṃ gandhova vutto. Pupphagandhoti ca pupphañca tadavaseso gandho cāti attho. Tagaramallikāhi vā avasiṭṭho ‘‘pupphagandho’’ti vutto. Satañca gandhoti ettha sīlameva sadisavohārena vā taddhitavasena vā gandho. Sīlanibandhano vā thutighoso vuttanayena ‘‘gandho’’ti adhippeto. Sīlañhi kittiyā nimittaṃ. Yathāha ‘‘sīlavato kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggacchatī’’ti (dī. ni. 2.150; 3.316; a. ni. 5.213; mahāva. 785; udā. 76). Sappuriso pavāyati pakārehi gandhati tassa gandhūpagarukkhapaṭibhāgattā.

Vassikīti sumanapupphaṃ, ‘‘vassika’’ntipi pāṭho, tadatthova. Gandhā eva gandhajātā, gandhappakārā vā. Yvāyanti yadidaṃ, uttamo gandho vātīti sambandho.

Sammadaññā vimuttānanti sammā aññāya jānitvā, aggamaggena vā vimuttānaṃ. Maggaṃ na vindatīti kāraṇaṃ na labhati, na jānāti vā.

‘‘Sīle patiṭṭhāyā’’ti gāthāya paṭisandhipaññāya sapañño ātāpī vīriyavā pārihārikapaññāya nipako narasaṅkhāto bhikkhu sīle patiṭṭhāya cittaṃ tappadhānena vuttaṃ samādhiṃ bhāvayaṃ bhāvayanto bhāvanāhetu tathā paññaṃ vipassanañca imaṃ antojaṭābahijaṭāsaṅkhātaṃ jaṭaṃ vijaṭaye vijaṭeyya vijaṭituṃ samattheyyāti saṅkhepattho.

Pathaviṃ nissāyāti pathaviṃ rasaggahaṇavasena nissāya, sīlasmiṃ pana paripūraṇavasena nissāya patiṭṭhānaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Appakamahantatāya pārāpārādi viya upanidhāpaññattibhāvato aññamaññaṃ upanidhāya āhāti vissajjetuṃ ‘‘upari guṇe upanidhāyā’’ti vuttaṃ. Sīlañhīti ettha hi-saddo kāraṇattho, tenidaṃ kāraṇaṃ dasseti ‘‘yasmā sīlaṃ kiñcāpi patiṭṭhābhāvena samādhissa bahūpakāraṃ, pabhāvādiguṇavisese panassa upanidhāya kalampi bhāgaṃ na upeti, tathā samādhi ca paññāyā’’ti. Tenevāha ‘‘tasmā’’tiādi. Na pāpuṇātīti guṇasamabhāvena na sampāpuṇāti, na sametīti vuttaṃ hoti. Uparimanti samādhipaññaṃ. Upanidhāyāti upatthambhaṃ katvā. Tañhi tādisāya paññattiyā upatthambhanaṃ hoti. Heṭṭhimanti sīlasamādhidvayaṃ.

‘‘Katha’’ntiādi vitthāravacanaṃ. Kaṇḍambamūlikapāṭihāriyakathanañcettha yathākathañcipi sīlassa samādhimapāpuṇatāsiddhiyevidhādhippetāti pākaṭatarapāṭihāriyabhāvena, nidassananayena cāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. ‘‘Abhi…pe… titthiyamaddana’’nti idaṃ pana tassa yamakapāṭihāriyassa supākaṭabhāvadassanatthaṃ, aññehi bodhimūle ñātisamāgamādīsu ca katapāṭihāriyehi visesadassanatthañca vuttaṃ. Sambodhito hi aṭṭhamepi divase devatānaṃ ‘‘buddho vā no vā’’ti uppannakaṅkhāvidhamanatthaṃ ākāse ratanacaṅkamaṃ māpetvā caṅkamanto pāṭihāriyaṃ akāsi, tato dutiyasaṃvacchare kulanagaragato kapilavatthupure nigrodhārāme ñātīnaṃ samāgamepi tesaṃ mānamadappahānatthaṃ yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ akāsi. Tattha abhisambodhitoti abhisambujjhanakālato. Sāvatthinagaradvāreti sāvatthinagarassa dakkhiṇadvāre. Kaṇḍambarukkhamūleti kaṇḍena nāma pasenadirañño uyyānapālena ropitattā kaṇḍambanāmakassa rukkhassa mūle. Yamakapāṭihāriyakaraṇatthāya bhagavato citte uppanne ‘‘tadanucchavikaṃ ṭhānaṃ icchitabba’’nti ratanamaṇḍapādi sakkena devaraññā āṇattena vissakammunā katanti vadanti keci. Bhagavatā nimmitanti apare. Aṭṭhakathāsu pana anekāsu ‘‘sakkena devānamindena āṇāpitena vissakammadevaputtena maṇḍapo kato, caṅkamo pana bhagavatā nimmito’’ti vuttaṃ. Dibbasetacchatte devatāhi dhāriyamāneti attho viññāyati aññesamasambhavato. ‘‘Dvādasayojanāya parisāyā’’ti idaṃ catūsu disāsu paccekaṃ dvādasayojanaṃ manussaparisaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Tadā kira dasasahassilokadhātuto cakkavāḷagabbhaṃ paripūretvā devabrahmānopi sannipatiṃsu. Yo koci evarūpaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ kātuṃ samattho ce, so āgacchatūti codanāsadisattā vuttaṃ ‘‘attādānaparidīpana’’nti. Attādānañhi anuyogo paṭipakkhassa attassa ādānaṃ gahaṇanti katvā. Titthiyamaddananti ‘‘pāṭihāriyaṃ karissāmā’’ti kuhāyanavasena pubbe uṭṭhitānaṃ titthiyānaṃ maddanaṃ, tañca tathā kātuṃ asamatthatāsampādanameva. Tadetaṃ padadvayaṃ ‘‘yamakapāṭihāriya’’nti etena sambandhitabbaṃ. Rājagahaseṭṭhino candanaghaṭikuppattito paṭṭhāya sabbameva cettha vattabbaṃ.

Uparimakāyatotiādi paṭisambhidāmagge (paṭi. ma. 1.116) āgatanayadassanaṃ, tena vuttaṃ ‘‘itiādinayappavatta’’nti, ‘‘sabbaṃ vitthāretabba’’nti ca. Tatthāyaṃ pāḷiseso –

‘‘Heṭṭhimakāyato aggikkhandho pavattati, uparimakāyato udakadhārā pavattati. Puratthimakāyato aggi, pacchimakāyato udakaṃ. Pacchimakāyato aggi, puratthimakāyato udakaṃ. Dakkhiṇaakkhito aggi, vāmaakkhito udakaṃ. Vāmaakkhito aggi, dakkhiṇaakkhito udakaṃ. Dakkhiṇakaṇṇasotato aggi, vāmakaṇṇasotato udakaṃ. Vāmakaṇṇasotato aggi, dakkhiṇakaṇṇasotato udakaṃ. Dakkhiṇanāsikāsotato aggi, vāmanāsikāsotato udakaṃ. Vāmanāsikāsotato aggi, dakkhiṇanāsikāsotato udakaṃ. Dakkhiṇaaṃsakūṭato aggi, vāmaaṃsakūṭato udakaṃ. Vāmaaṃsakūṭato aggi, dakkhiṇaaṃsakūṭato udakaṃ. Dakkhiṇahatthato aggi, vāmahatthato udakaṃ. Vāmahatthato aggi, dakkhiṇahatthato udakaṃ. Dakkhiṇapassato aggi, vāmapassato udakaṃ. Vāmapassato aggi, dakkhiṇapassato udakaṃ. Dakkhiṇapādato aggi, vāmapādato udakaṃ. Vāmapādato aggi, dakkhiṇapādato udakaṃ. Aṅgulaṅgulehi aggi, aṅgulantarikāhi udakaṃ. Aṅgulantarikāhi aggi, aṅgulaṅgulehi udakaṃ. Ekekalomato aggi, ekekalomato udakaṃ. Lomakūpato lomakūpato aggikkhandho pavattati, lomakūpato lomakūpato udakadhārā pavattatī’’ti.

Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana ‘‘ekekalomakūpato’’ icceva (paṭi. ma. aṭṭha. 2.1.116) āgataṃ.

Channaṃ vaṇṇānanti etthāpi nīlānaṃ pītakānaṃ lohitakānaṃ odātānaṃ mañjiṭṭhānaṃ pabhassarānanti ayaṃ sabbopi pāḷiseso peyyālanayena, ādi-saddena ca dassito. Ettha ca channaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ ubbāhanabhūtānaṃ yamakā yamakā vaṇṇā pavattantīti pāṭhasesena sambandho, tena vakkhati ‘‘dutiyā dutiyā rasmiyo’’tiādi. Tattha hi tāsaṃ yamakaṃ yamakaṃ pavattanākārena saha āvajjanaparikammādhiṭṭhānānaṃ visuṃ pavatti dassitā. Keci pana ‘‘channaṃ vaṇṇāna’’nti etassa ‘‘aggikkhandho udakadhārā’’ti purimehi padehi sambandhaṃ vadanti, tadayuttameva aggikkhandhaudakadhārānaṃ atthāya tejokasiṇavāyokasiṇānaṃ samāpajjanassa vakkhamānattā. Channaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ chabbaṇṇā pavattantīti kattuvasena vā sambandho yathā ‘‘ekassa cepi bhikkhuno na paṭibhāseyya taṃ bhikkhuniṃ apasādetu’’nti (pāci. 558). Kattukammesu hi bahulā sāmivacanaṃ ākhyātapayogepi icchanti neruttikā.

Evaṃ pāḷinayena yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ dassetvā idāni taṃ aṭṭhakathānayena vivaranto paccāsattinayena ‘‘channaṃ vaṇṇāna’’nti padameva paṭhamaṃ vivarituṃ ‘‘tassā’’tiādimāha. Tattha tassāti bhagavato. ‘‘Suvaṇṇavaṇṇā rasmiyo’’ti idaṃ tāsaṃ pītābhānaṃ yebhuyyatāya vuttaṃ, chabbaṇṇāhi rasmīhi alaṅkaraṇakālo viyāti attho. Tāpi hi cakkavāḷagabbhato uggantvā brahmalokamāhacca paṭinivattitvā cakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭimeva gaṇhiṃsu. Ekacakkavāḷagabbhaṃ vaṅkagopānasikaṃ viya bodhigharaṃ ahosi ekālokaṃ. Dutiyā dutiyā rasmiyoti purimapurimato pacchā pacchā nikkhantā rasmiyo. Kasmā sadisākāravasena ‘‘viyā’’ti vacanaṃ vuttanti āha ‘‘dvinnañcā’’tiādi. Dvinnañca cittānaṃ ekakkhaṇe pavatti nāma natthi, yehi tā evaṃ siyuṃ, tathāpi iminā kāraṇadvayena evameva khāyantīti adhippāyo. Bhavaṅgaparivāsassāti bhavaṅgavasena parivasanassa, bhavaṅgasaṅkhātassa parivasanassa vā, bhavaṅgapatanassāti vuttaṃ hoti. Āciṇṇavasitāyāti āvajjanasamāpajjanādīhi pañcahākārehi samāciṇṇaparicayatāya. Nanu ca ekassāpi cittassa pavattiyā dve kisso rasmiyopi sambhaveyyunti anuyogamapaneti ‘‘tassā tassā pana rasmiyā’’tiādinā. Cittavāranānattā āvajjanaparikammacittāni, kasiṇanānattā adhiṭṭhānacittavārānipi visuṃ visuṃyeva pavattanti. Āvajjanāvasāne tikkhattuṃ pavattajavanāni parikammanāmeneva idha vuttāni.

Kathanti āha ‘‘nīlarasmiatthāya hī’’tiādi. ‘‘Mañjiṭṭharasmiatthāya lohitakasiṇaṃ, pabhassararasmiatthāya pītakasiṇa’’nti idaṃ lohitapītarasmīnaṃ kāraṇeyeva vutte siddhanti na vuttaṃ. Tāsameva hi mañjiṭṭhapabhassararasmiyo visesapabhedabhūtāti. ‘‘Aggikkhandhatthāyā’’tiādinā ‘‘uparimakāyato’’tiādīnaṃ vivaraṇaṃ. Aggikkhandhaudakakkhandhāpi aññamaññaasammissā yāva brahmalokā uggantvā cakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiyaṃ patiṃsu, taṃ divasaṃ pana satthā yo yo yasmiṃ yasmiṃ dhamme ca pāṭihāriye ca pasanno, tassa tassa ajjhāsayavasena taṃ taṃ dhammañca kathesi, pāṭihāriyañca dassesi, evaṃ dhamme bhāsiyamāne, pāṭihāriye ca kariyamāne mahājano dhammābhisamayo ahosi. Tasmiñca samāgame attano manaṃ gahetvā pañhaṃ pucchituṃ samatthaṃ adisvā nimmitaṃ buddhaṃ māpesi, tena pucchitaṃ pañhaṃ satthā vissajjesi. Satthārā pucchitaṃ pañhaṃ so vissajjesi, satthu caṅkamanakāle nimmito ṭhānādīsu aññataraṃ kappesi, tassa caṅkamanakāle satthā ṭhānādīsu aññataraṃ kappesīti etamatthaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘satthā caṅkamatī’’tiādi vuttaṃ. ‘‘Sabbaṃ vitthāretabba’’nti etena ‘‘satthā tiṭṭhati, nimmito caṅkamati vā nisīdati vā seyyaṃ vā kappetī’’tiādinā (paṭi. ma. 1.116) catūsu iriyāpathesu ekekamūlakā satthupakkhe cattāro, nimmitapakkhe cattāroti sabbe aṭṭha vārā vitthāretvā vattabbāti dasseti. Yasmā sīlaṃ samādhissa patiṭṭhāmattameva hutvā nivattati, samādhiyeva tattha patiṭṭhāya yathāvuttaṃ sabbaṃ pāṭihāriyakiccaṃ pavatteti, tasmā tadetaṃ samādhikiccamevāti vuttaṃ ‘‘ettha ekampī’’tiādi.

‘‘Yaṃ panā’’tiādinā samādhissa paññamapāpuṇatā vibhāvitā, yaṃ pana paṭivijjhi, idaṃ paṭivijjhanaṃ paññākiccanti attho. Taṃ anukkamato dasseti ‘‘bhagavā’’tiādinā. ‘‘Kappasatasahassādhikāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyānī’’ti idaṃ dīpaṅkarapādamūle katapaṭhamābhinīhārato paṭṭhāya vuttaṃ, tato pubbepi yattakena tasmiṃ bhave icchanto sāvakabodhiṃ pattuṃ sakkuṇeyya, tattakaṃ puññasambhāraṃ samupacinīti veditabbaṃ. Tatoyeva hi ‘‘manussattaṃ liṅgasampatti, hetu satthāradassana’’ntiādinā (bu. vaṃ. 59) vuttesu aṭṭhadhammesu hetusampannatā ahosi. Keci pana manopaṇidhānavacīpaṇidhānavasena anekadhā asaṅkhyeyyaparicchedaṃ katvā pubbasambhāraṃ vadanti, tadayuttameva saṅgahāruḷhāsu aṭṭhakathāsu tathā avuttattā. Tāsu hi yathāvuttanayena paṭhamābhinīhārato pubbe hetusampannatāyeva dassitā. Ekūnatiṃsavassakāle nikkhamma pabbajitvāti sambandho. Cakkaratanārahapuññavantatāya bodhisatto cakkavattisirisampannoti tassa nivāsabhavanaṃ ‘‘cakkavattisirinivāsabhūta’’nti vuttaṃ. Bhavanāti rammasurammasubhasaṅkhātā niketanā. Padhānayoganti dukkaracariyāya uttamavīriyānuyogaṃ.

Uruvelāyaṃ kira senānigame kuṭumbikassa dhītā sujātā nāma dārikā vayappattā nerañjarāya tīre nigrodhamūle patthanamakāsi ‘‘sacāhaṃ samajātikaṃ kulagharaṃ gantvā paṭhamagabbhe puttaṃ labhissāmi, khīrapāyāsena balikammaṃ karissāmī’’ti, (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 2.284; jā. aṭṭha. 1.avidūre nidānakathā) tassā sā patthanā samijjhi. Sā satta dhenuyo laṭṭhivane khādāpetvā tāsampi dhītaro gāviyo laddhā tatheva khādāpetvā puna tāsampi dhītaro tathevāti sattaputtinattipanattiparamparāgatāhi dhenūhi khīraṃ gahetvā khīrapāyāsaṃ pacitumārabhi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe mahābrahmā tiyojanikaṃ setacchattaṃ upari dhāresi, sakko devarājā aggiṃ ujjālesi, sakalaloke vijjamānarasaṃ devatā pakkhipiṃsu, pāyāsaṃ dakkhiṇāvaṭṭaṃ hutvā pacati, taṃ sā suvaṇṇapātiyā satasahassagghanikāya saheva bodhisattassa datvā pakkāmi. Atha bodhisatto taṃ gahetvā nerañjarāya tīre suppatiṭṭhite nāma titthe ekatālaṭṭhippamāṇe ekūnapaññāsapiṇḍe karonto paribhuñji, taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘visākhāpuṇṇamāyaṃ uruvelagāme sujātāya dvinnaṃ pakkhittadibbojaṃ madhupāyāsaṃ paribhuñjitvā’’ti. Tattha sujātāyāti āyasmato yasattherassa mātubhūtāya pacchā saraṇagamanaṭṭhāne etadaggappattāya sujātāya nāma seṭṭhibhariyāya. Aṅgamaṅgānusārino rasassa sāro upatthambhabalakaro bhūtanissito eko viseso ojā nāma, sā divi bhavā pakkhittā etthāti pakkhittadibbojo, taṃ. Pātabbo ca so asitabbo cāti pāyāso, rasaṃ katvā pivituṃ, ālopaṃ katvā ca bhuñjituṃ yutto bhojanaviseso, madhunā sitto pāyāso madhupāyāso, taṃ.

Tato nerañjarāya tīre mahāsālavane nānāsamāpattīhi divāvihārassa katattā ‘‘sāyanhasamaye’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Vitthāro tattha tattha gahetabbo. Dakkhiṇuttarenāti divāvihārato bodhiyā pavisanamaggaṃ sandhāyāha, ujukaṃ dakkhiṇuttaragatena devatāhi alaṅkatena maggenāti attho. Evampi vadanti ‘‘dakkhiṇuttarenāti dakkhiṇapacchimuttarena ādiavasānagahaṇena majjhimassāpi gahitattā, tathā luttapayogassa ca dassanato. Evañhi sati ‘dakkhiṇapacchimuttaradisābhāgena bodhimaṇḍaṃ pavisitvā tiṭṭhatī’ti (jā. aṭṭha. 1.avidūrenidānakathā) jātakanidāne vuttavacanena sametī’’ti. Dakkhiṇadisato gantabbo uttaradisābhāgo dakkhiṇuttaro, tena pavisitvāti apare. Keci pana ‘‘uttarasaddo cettha maggavācako. Yadi hi disāvācako bhaveyya, ‘dakkhiṇuttarāyā’ti vadeyyā’’ti, taṃ na ‘‘uttarena nadī sīdā, gambhīrā duratikkamā’’tiādinā disāvācakassāpi enayogassa dassanato, uttarasaddassa ca maggavācakassa anāgatattā. Apica disābhāgaṃ sandhāya evaṃ vuttaṃ. Disābhāgopi hi disā evāti. Atha antarāmagge sotthiyena nāma tiṇahārakabrāhmaṇena dinnā aṭṭha kusatiṇamuṭṭhiyo gahetvā asitañcanagirisaṅkāsaṃ sabbabodhisattānamassāsajananaṭṭhāne samāviruḷhaṃ bodhiyā maṇḍanabhūtaṃ bodhimaṇḍamupagantvā tikkhattuṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā dakkhiṇadisābhāge aṭṭhāsi, so pana padeso paduminipatte udakabindu viya pakampittha, tato pacchimadisābhāgaṃ, uttaradisābhāgañca gantvā tiṭṭhantepi mahāpurise tatheva te akampiṃsu, tato ‘‘nāyaṃ sabbopi padeso mama guṇaṃ sandhāretuṃ samattho’’ti puratthimadisābhāgamagamāsi, tattha pallaṅkappamāṇaṃ niccalamahosi, tasseva ca nippariyāyena bodhimaṇḍasamaññā, mahāpuriso ‘‘idaṃ kilesaviddhaṃsanaṭṭhāna’’nti sanniṭṭhānaṃ katvā pubbuttaradisābhāge ṭhito tattha akampanappadese tāni tiṇāni agge gahetvā sañcālesi, tāvadeva cuddasahattho pallaṅko ahosi, tānipi tiṇāni vicittākārena tūlikāya lekhā gahitāni viya ahesuṃ. So tattha tisandhipallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā caturaṅgasamannāgataṃ mettākammaṭṭhānaṃ pubbaṅgamaṃ katvā caturaṅgikaṃ vīriyaṃ adhiṭṭhahitvā nisīdi, tamatthaṃ saṅkhipitvā dassento ‘‘bodhimaṇḍaṃ pavisitvā’’tiādimāha.

Tattha bodhi vuccati arahattamaggañāṇaṃ, sabbaññutaññāṇañca, sā maṇḍati thāmagatatāya pasīdati etthāti bodhimaṇḍo, nippariyāyena yathāvuttappadeso, pariyāyena pana idha dumarājā. Tathā hi ācariyānandattherena vuttaṃ ‘‘bodhimaṇḍasaddopaṭhamābhisambuddhaṭṭhāne eva daṭṭhabbo, na yattha katthaci bodhirukkhassa patiṭṭhitaṭṭhāne’’ti, taṃ.

Māravijayasabbaññutaññāṇapaṭilābhādīhi bhagavantaṃ assāsetīti assattho. Āpubbañhi sāsasaddaṃ anusiṭṭhitosanesu icchanti, yaṃ tu loke ‘‘caladalo, kuñjarāsano’’ tipi vadanti. Accuggatabhāvena, ajeyyabhūmisīsagatabhāvena, sakalasabbaññuguṇapaṭilābhaṭṭhānaviruḷhabhāvena ca dumānaṃ rājāti dumarājā, assattho ca so dumarājā cāti assatthadumarājā taṃ. Dvinnaṃ ūrujāṇusandhīnaṃ, ūrumūlakaṭisandhissa ca vasena tayo sandhayo, saṇṭhānavasena vā tayo koṇā yassāti tisandhi, sveva pallaṅko ūrubaddhāsanaṃ parisamantato aṅkanaṃ āsananti atthena ra-kārassa la-kāraṃ, dvibhāvañca katvā, tīhi vā sandhīhi lakkhito pallaṅko tisandhipallaṅko, taṃ. Ābhujitvāti ābandhitvā, ubho pāde samañchite katvāti vuttaṃ hoti. Vitthāro sāmaññaphalasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.216) āgamissati. Attā, mitto, majjhatto, verīti catūsupi samappavattanavasena caturaṅgasamannāgataṃ mettākammaṭṭhānaṃ. ‘‘Caturaṅgasamannāgata’’nti idaṃ pana ‘‘vīriyādhiṭṭhāna’’nti etenāpi yojetabbaṃ. Tampi hi –

Kāmaṃ taco ca nhāru ca aṭṭhi ca avasissatu, upasussatu sarīre maṃsalohitaṃ, yaṃ taṃ purisathāmena purisavīriyena purisaparakkamena pattabbaṃ, na taṃ apāpuṇitvā vīriyassa saṇṭhānaṃ bhavissatī’’ti (ma. ni. 2.184; saṃ. ni. 1.266; a. ni. 3.51; a. ni. 8.13; mahāni. 17, 196) –

Vuttanayena caturaṅgasamannāgatameva.

Cuddasa hatthā vitthatappamāṇabhāvena yassāti cuddasahattho. Parisamantato aṅkīyate lakkhīyate paricchedavasenāti pallaṅko ra-kārassa la-kāraṃ, tassa ca dvittaṃ katvā. Apica ‘‘idaṃ kilesaviddhaṃsanaṭṭhāna’’nti aṭṭhakathāsu vacanato pallaṃ kilesaviddhaṃsanaṃ karoti etthāti pallaṅko niggahitāgamavasena, aluttasamāsavasena vā, cuddasahattho ca so pallaṅko ca, sveva uttamaṭṭhena patthanīyaṭṭhena ca varoti cuddasahatthapallaṅkavaro, tattha gato pavatto nisinno tathā. Cuddasahatthatā cettha vitthāravasena gahetabbā. Tāniyeva hi tiṇāni aparimitapuññānubhāvato cuddasahatthavitthatapallaṅkabhāvena pavattāni, na ca tāni aṭṭhamuṭṭhippamāṇāni cuddasahatthaaccuggatāni sambhavanti. Tatoyeva ca idha ‘‘tiṇasantharaṃ santharitvā’’ti vuttaṃ, dhammapadaṭṭhakathādīsu ca ‘‘tiṇāni santharitvā…pe… puratthimābhimukho nisīditvā’’ti (dha. sa. aṭṭha. 1.sāriputtheravaṇṇanā; dha. sa. aṭṭha. 1.nidānakathā). Aññattha ca ‘‘tiṇāsane cuddasahatthasammate’’ti. Keci pana ‘‘accuggatabhāveneva cuddasahattho’’ti yathā tathā parikappanāvasena vadanti, taṃ na gahetabbaṃ yathāvuttena kāraṇena, sādhakena ca viruddhattā. Kāmañca manorathapūraṇiyā caturaṅguttaravaṇṇanāya ‘‘tikkhattuṃ bodhiṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā bodhimaṇḍaṃ āruyha cuddasahatthubbedhe ṭhāne tiṇasantharaṃ santharitvā caturaṅgavīriyaṃ adhiṭṭhāya nisinnakālato’’ti (a. ni. aṭṭha. 2.4.33) pāṭho dissati, tathāpi tattha ubbedhasaddo vitthāravācakoti veditabbo, yathā ‘‘tiriyaṃ soḷasubbedho, uddhamāhu sahassadhā’’ti (jā. 1.3.40) mahāpanādajātake. Tathā hi tadaṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘tiriyaṃ soḷasubbedhoti vitthārato soḷasakaṇḍapātavitthāro ahosī’’ti (jātaka aṭṭha. 2-302 piṭṭhe). Aññathā hi ākāseyeva ukkhipitvā tiṇasantharaṇaṃ kataṃ, na acalapadeseti attho āpajjeyya santharaṇakiriyādhārabhāvato tassa, so cattho anadhippeto aññattha anāgatattāti.

Rajatakkhandhaṃ piṭṭhito katvā viyāti sambandho. Atthanti pacchimapabbataṃ. Mārabalanti māraṃ, mārabalañca, mārassa vā sāmatthiyaṃ. Pubbenivāsanti pubbe nivutthakkhandhaṃ. Dibbacakkhunti dibbacakkhuñāṇaṃ. ‘‘Kicchaṃ vatāyaṃ loko āpanno’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 2.57; saṃ. ni. 2.4) jarāmaraṇamukhena paccayākāre ñāṇaṃ otāretvā. Ānāpānacatutthajjhānanti etthāpi ‘‘sabbabuddhānaṃ āciṇṇa’’nti vibhattivipariṇāmaṃ katvā yojetabbaṃ. Tampi hi buddhānamāciṇṇamevāti vadanti. Pādakaṃ katvāti kāraṇaṃ, patiṭṭhānaṃ vā katvā. ‘‘Vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvāti chattiṃsakoṭisatasahassamukhena āsavakkhayañāṇasaṅkhātamahāvajirañāṇagabbhaṃ gaṇhāpanavasena vipassanaṃ bhāvetvā. Sabbaññutaññāṇādhigamāya anupadadhammavipassanāvasena anekākāravokāre saṅkhāre sammasato chattiṃsakoṭisatasahassamukhena pavattaṃ vipassanāñāṇampi hi ‘‘mahāvajirañāṇa’’nti vuccati, catuvīsatikoṭisatasahassasaṅkhyāya devasikaṃ vaḷañjanakasamāpattīnaṃ purecarānucarañāṇampi. Idha pana maggañāṇameva, visesato ca aggamaggañāṇaṃ, tasmā tasseva vipassanāgabbhabhāvo veditabboti. Sabbabuddhaguṇeti sabbaññutādiniravasesabuddhaguṇe. Tassā pādakaṃ katvā samādhi nivattoti vuttaṃ ‘‘idamassa paññākicca’’nti. Assāti bhagavato.

‘‘Tattha yathā hatthe’’tiādinā upamāya pākaṭīkaraṇaṃ. Hattheti hatthapasate, karapuṭe vā. Pātiyanti sarāvake. Ghaṭeti udakaharaṇaghaṭe. Dvattiṃsadoṇagaṇhanappamāṇaṃ kuṇḍaṃ kolambo. Tato mahatarā cāṭi. Tatopi mahatī mahākumbhī. Soṇḍī kusobbho. Nadībhāgo kandaro. Cakkavāḷapādesu samuddo cakkavāḷamahāsamuddo.Sinerupādake mahāsamuddeti sīdantarasamuddaṃ sandhāyāha. ‘‘Pātiya’’ntiādināpi tadevatthaṃ pakārantarena vibhāveti. Parittaṃ hoti yathāti sambandho. Yassā pāḷiyā atthavibhāvanatthāya yā saṃvaṇṇanā vuttā, tadeva tassā guṇabhāvena dassetuṃ ‘‘tenāhā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Evaṃ sabbattha.

‘‘Duve puthujjanā’’tiādi puthujjanesu labbhamānavibhāgadassanatthameva vuttaṃ, na pana mūlapariyāyasaṃvaṇṇanādīsu (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.2) viya puthujjanavisesaniddhāraṇatthaṃ niravasesaputhujjanasseva idha adhippetattā. Sabbopi hi puthujjano bhagavato upariguṇe vibhāvetuṃ na sakkoti, tiṭṭhatu tāva puthujjano, ariyasāvakapaccekabuddhānampi avisayā eva buddhaguṇā. Tathā hi vakkhati ‘‘sotāpanno’’tiādi (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.7). Gottasambandhatāya ādiccassa sūriyadevaputtassa bandhūti ādiccabandhu, tena vuttaṃ niddese –

‘‘Ādicco vuccati sūriyo. Sūriyo gotamo gottena, bhagavāpi gotamo gottena, bhagavā sūriyassa gottañātako gottabandhu, tasmā buddho ādiccabandhū’’ti (mahāni. 150; cūḷani. 99).

Saddavidū pana ‘‘buddhassādiccabandhunā’’ti pāṭhamicchanti. Ādiccassa bandhunā gottena samāno gottasaṅkhāto bandhu yassa, buddho ca so ādiccabandhu cāti katvā. Yasmā pana khandhakathādikosallenāpi upakkilesānupakkilesānaṃ jānanahetubhūtaṃ bāhusaccaṃ hoti, yathāha –

‘‘Kittāvatā nu kho bhante bahussuto hotīti? Yato kho bhikkhu khandhakusalo hoti. Dhātu…pe… āyatana…pe… paṭiccasamuppādakusalo hoti, ettāvatā kho bhikkhu bahussuto hotī’’ti.

Tasmā ‘‘yassa khandhadhātuāyatanādīsū’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Ādi-saddena cettha yāva paṭiccasamuppādā saṅgaṇhāti. Tattha vācuggatakaraṇaṃ uggaho. Atthassa paripucchanaṃ paripucchā. Aṭṭhakathāvasena atthassa sotadvārapaṭibaddhatākaraṇaṃ savanaṃ. Byañjanatthānaṃ sunikkhepasunayanena dhammassa pariharaṇaṃ dhāraṇaṃ. Evaṃ sutadhātaparicitānaṃ vitakkanaṃ manasānupekkhanaṃ paccavekkhaṇaṃ.

Evaṃ pabhedaṃ dassetvā vacanatthampi dasseti ‘‘duvidho’’tiādinā. Puthūnanti anekavidhānaṃ kilesādīnaṃ. Puthujjanantogadhattāti bahūnaṃ janānaṃ abbhantare samavarodhabhāvato puthujjanoti sambandho. Puthucāyaṃ janoti puthu eva visuṃyeva ayaṃ saṅkhyaṃ gato. Itīti tasmā puthujjanoti sambandho. Evaṃ gāthābandhena saṅkhepato dassitamatthaṃ ‘‘so hī’’tiādinā vivarati. ‘‘Nānappakārāna’’nti iminā puthu-saddo idha bahvatthoti dasseti.

Ādi-saddena saṅgahitamatthaṃ, tadatthassa ca sādhakaṃ ambasecanagarusinānanayena niddesapāḷiyā dassento ‘‘yathāhā’’tiādimāha. Avihatā sakkāyadiṭṭhiyo, puthu bahukā tā etesanti puthuavihatasakkāyadiṭṭhikā, etena avihatattā puthu sakkāyadiṭṭhiyo janenti, puthūhi vā sakkāyadiṭṭhīhi janitāti atthaṃ dasseti. Avihatatthameva vā janasaddo vadati, tasmā puthu sakkāyadiṭṭhiyo janenti na vihananti, janā vā avihatā puthu sakkāyadiṭṭhiyo etesanti atthaṃ dassetītipi vaṭṭati, visesanaparanipātanañcettha daṭṭhabbaṃ yathā ‘‘agyāhito’’ti. ‘‘Puthu satthārānaṃ mukhullokikā’’ti etena puthu bahavo janā satthāro etesanti nibbacanaṃ dassitaṃ. Puthu sabbagatīhi avuṭṭhitāti ettha pana kammakilesehi janetabbā, jāyanti vā sattā etthāti janā, gatiyo, puthu sabbā eva janā gatiyo etesanti vacanattho. ‘‘Puthu nānābhisaṅkhāre abhisaṅkharontī’’ti etena ca jāyanti etehi sattāti janā, puññābhisaṅkhārādayo, puthu nānāvidhā janā saṅkhārā etesaṃ vijjanti, puthu vā nānābhisaṅkhāre janenti abhisaṅkharontīti atthamāha. Tato paraṃ pana ‘‘puthu nānāoghehi vuyhantī’’tiādiatthattayaṃ janenti etehi sattāti janā, kāmoghādayo, rāgasantāpādayo, rāgapariḷāhādayo ca, sabbepi vā kilesapariḷāhā. Puthu nānappakārā te etesaṃ vijjanti, tehi vā janenti vuyhanti, santāpenti, pariḍahanti cāti nibbacanaṃ dassetuṃ vuttaṃ. ‘‘Rattā giddhā’’tiādi pariyāyavacanaṃ.

Api ca rattāti vatthaṃ viya raṅgajātena cittassa vipariṇāmakarena chandarāgena rattā. Giddhāti abhikaṅkhanasabhāvena abhigijjhanena giddhā. Gathitāti ganthitā viya dummocanīyabhāvena tattha paṭibaddhā. Mucchitāti kilesāvisanavasena visaññībhūtā viya anaññakiccamohaṃ samāpannā. Ajjhosannāti anaññāsādhāraṇe viya katvā gilitvā pariniṭṭhapetvā ṭhitā. Laggāti gāvo kaṇṭake viya āsattā, mahāpalipe vā patanena nāsikaggapalipannapuriso viya uddharitumasakkuṇeyyabhāvena nimuggā. Laggitāti makkaṭālepena viya makkaṭo pañcannaṃ indriyānaṃ vasena āsaṅgitā, palibuddhāti sambaddhā, upaddutā vāti ayamattho aṅguttaraṭīkāyaṃ (a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.51) vutto. Etena jāyatīti jano, ‘‘rāgo gedho’’ti evamādiko, puthu nānāvidho jano rāgādiko etesaṃ, puthūsu vā pañcasu kāmaguṇesu janā rattā giddhā…pe… palibuddhāti atthaṃ dasseti.

‘‘Āvutā’’tiādipi pariyāyavacanameva. Apica ‘‘āvutāti āvaritā. Nivutāti nivāritā. Ophutāti paliguṇṭhitā, pariyonaddhā vā. Pihitāti pidahitā. Paṭicchannāti chāditā. Paṭikujjitāti heṭṭhāmukhajātā’’ti tattheva (a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.51) vuttaṃ. Ettha ca janenti etehīti janā, nīvaraṇā, puthu nānāvidhā janā nīvaraṇā etesaṃ, puthūhi vā nīvaraṇehi janā āvutā…pe… paṭikujjitāti nibbacanaṃ dasseti. Puthūsu nīcadhammasamācāresu jāyati, puthūnaṃ vā abbhantare jano antogadho, puthu vā bahuko janoti atthaṃ dasseti ‘‘puthūna’’ntiādinā, etena ca tatiyapādaṃ vivarati, samattheti vā. ‘‘Puthuvā’’tiādinā pana catutthapādaṃ. Puthu visaṃsaṭṭho eva jano puthujjanoti ayañhettha vacanattho.

Yehi guṇavisesehi nimittabhūtehi bhagavati ‘‘tathāgato’’ti ayaṃ samaññā pavattā, taṃ dassanatthaṃ ‘‘aṭṭhahi kāraṇehi bhagavā tathāgato’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Ekopi hi saddo anekapavattinimittamadhikicca anekadhā atthappakāsako, bhagavato ca sabbepi nāmasaddā anekaguṇanemittikāyeva. Yathāha –

‘‘Asaṅkhyeyyāni nāmāni, saguṇena mahesino;

Guṇena nāmamuddheyyaṃ, api nāmasahassato’’ti. (dha. sa. 1313; udā. aṭṭha. 57; paṭi. ma. aṭṭha. 1.76; dī. ni. ṭī. 1.413);

Kāni pana tānīti anuyoge sati paṭhamaṃ tassarūpaṃ saṅkhepato uddisitvā ‘‘katha’’ntiādinā niddisati. Tathā āgatoti ettha ākāraniyamanavasena opammasampaṭipādanattho tathā-saddo. Sāmaññajotanāya visesāvaṭṭhānato, visesatthinā ca sāmaññasaddassāpi visesattheyeva anupayujjitabbato paṭipadāgamanattho āgata saddo daṭṭhabbo, na ñāṇagamanattho tathalakkhaṇaṃ āgato’’tiādīsu (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.7; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.12; saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 2.3.78; a. ni. aṭṭha. 1.170; theragā. aṭṭha. 1.43; itivu. aṭṭha. 38; paṭi. ma. aṭṭha. 1.37; bu. vaṃ. aṭṭha. 2; mahāni. aṭṭha. 14) viya, nāpi kāyagamanādi attho ‘‘āgato kho mahāsamaṇo, māgadhānaṃ giribbaja’’ntiādīsu (mahāva. 53) viya. Tattha yassa ākārassa niyamanavasena opammasampaṭipādanattho tathā-saddo, tadākāraṃ karuṇāpadhānattā tassa mahākaruṇāmukhena purimabuddhānaṃ āgamanapaṭipadāya udāharaṇavasena sāmaññato dassento ‘‘yathā sabbaloke’’tiādimāha. Yaṃtaṃ-saddānaṃ ekantasambandhabhāvato cettha tathā-saddassatthadassane yathā-saddena attho vibhāvito. Tadeva vitthāreti ‘‘yathā vipassī bhagavā’’tiādinā, vipassīādīnañcettha channaṃ sammāsambuddhānaṃ mahāpadānasuttādīsu (dī. ni. 2.4) sampahulaniddesena (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.sambahulaparicchedavaṇṇanā) supākaṭattā, āsannattā ca tesaṃ vasena taṃ paṭipadaṃ dassetīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Āgato yathā, tathā āgatoti sabbatra sambandho. ‘‘Kiṃ vuttaṃ hotī’’tiādināpi tadeva paṭiniddisati. Tattha yena abhinīhārenāti manussattaliṅgasampattihetusatthāradassanapabbajjāguṇasampattiadhikārachandānaṃ vasena aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgatena mahāpaṇidhānena. Sabbesañhi buddhānaṃ paṭhamapaṇidhānaṃ imināva nīhārena samijjhati. Abhinīhāroti cettha mūlapaṇidhānassetaṃ adhivacananti daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Evaṃ mahābhinīhāravasena ‘‘tathāgato’’ti padassa atthaṃ dassetvā idāni pāramīpūraṇavasenapi dassetuṃ ‘‘atha vā’’tiādimāha. ‘‘Ettha ca suttantikānaṃ mahābodhiyānapaṭipadāya kosallajananatthaṃ pāramīsu ayaṃ vitthārakathā’’tiādinā ācariyadhammapālattherena (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.7) yā pāramīsu vinicchayakathā vuttā, kiñcāpi sā amhehi idha vuccamānā ganthavitthārakarā viya bhavissati, yasmā panāyaṃ saṃvaṇṇanā etissaṃ pacchā pamādalekhavisodhanavasena, tadavasesatthapariyādānavasena ca pavattā, tasmā sāpi pāramīkathā idha vattabbāyevāti tato ceva cariyāpiṭakaṭṭhakathāto ca āharitvā yathārahaṃ gāthābandhehi samalaṅkaritvā atthamadhippāyañca visodhayamānā bhavissati. Kathaṃ?

Kā panetā pāramiyo, kenaṭṭhena katīvidhā;

Ko ca tāsaṃ kamo kāni, lakkhaṇādīni sabbathā.

Ko paccayo, saṃkileso, vodānaṃ paṭipakkhako;

Paṭipattivibhāgo ca, saṅgaho sampadā tathā.

Kittakena sampādanaṃ, ānisaṃso ca kiṃ phalaṃ;

Pañhametaṃ vissajjitvā, bhavissati vinicchayo.

Tatridaṃ vissajjanaṃ –

Kā panetā pāramiyoti –

Taṇhāmānādimaññatra, upāyakusalena yā;

Ñāṇena pariggahitā, pāramī sā vibhāvitā.

Taṇhāmānādinā hi anupahatā karuṇūpāyakosallapariggahitā dānādayo guṇasaṅkhātā etā kiriyā ‘‘pāramī’’ti vibhāvitā.

Kenaṭṭhena pāramiyoti –

Paramo uttamaṭṭhena, tassāyaṃ pāramī tathā;

Kammaṃ bhāvoti dānādi, taddhitato tidhā matā.

Pūreti mavati pare, paraṃ majjati mayati;

Munāti minoti tathā, minātīti vā paramo.

Pāre majjati sodheti, mavati mayatīti vā;

Māyeti taṃ vā munāti, minoti mināti tathā.

Pāramīti mahāsatto, vuttānusārato pana;

Taddhitatthattayeneva, pāramīti ayaṃ matā.

Dānasīlādiguṇavisesayogena hi sattuttamatāya mahābodhisatto paramo, tassa ayaṃ, bhāvo, kammanti vā pāramī, dānādikiriyā. Atha vā parati pūretīti paramo niruttinayena, dānādiguṇānaṃ pūrako, pālako ca bodhisatto, paramassa ayaṃ, bhāvo, kammaṃ vā pāramī. Apica pare satte mavati attani bandhati guṇavisesayogena, paraṃ vā atirekaṃ majjati saṃkilesamalato, paraṃ vā seṭṭhaṃ nibbānaṃ visesena mayati gacchati, paraṃ vā lokaṃ pamāṇabhūtena ñāṇavisesena idhalokamiva munāti paricchindati, paraṃ vā ativiya sīlādiguṇagaṇaṃ attano santāne minoti pakkhipati, paraṃ vā attabhūtato dhammakāyato aññaṃ, paṭipakkhaṃ vā tadanatthakaraṃ kilesacoragaṇaṃ mināti hiṃsatīti paramo, mahāsatto, ‘‘paramassa aya’’ntiādinā vuttanayena pāramī. Pāre vā nibbāne majjati sujjhati, satte ca sodheti, tattha vā satte mavati bandhati yojeti, taṃ vā mayati gacchati, satte ca māyeti gameti, taṃ vā yāthāvato munāti paricchindati, tattha vā satte minoti pakkhipati, tattha vā sattānaṃ kilesāriṃ mināti hiṃsatīti pāramī, mahāsatto, ‘‘tassa aya’’ntiādinā dānādikiriyāva pāramīti. Iminā nayena pāramīnaṃ vacanattho veditabbo.

Katividhāti saṅkhepato dasavidhā, tā pana buddhavaṃsapāḷiyaṃ (bu. vaṃ. 1.76) sarūpato āgatāyeva. Yathāha ‘‘vicinanto tadādakkhiṃ, paṭhamaṃ dānapārami’’ntiādi (bu. vaṃ. 2.116). Yathā cāha –

‘‘Kati nu kho bhante buddhakārakā dhammāti? Dasa kho sāriputta buddhakārakā dhammā, katame dasa? Dānaṃ kho sāriputta buddhakārako dhammo, sīlaṃ nekkhammaṃ paññā vīriyaṃ khanti saccaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ mettā upekkhā buddhakārako dhammo, ime kho sāriputta dasa buddhakārakā dhammāti. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –

‘Dānaṃ sīlañca nekkhammaṃ, paññāvīriyena pañcamaṃ;

Khantisaccamadhiṭṭhānaṃ, mettupekkhāti te dasā’ti’’. (bu. vaṃ. 1.76);

Keci pana ‘‘chabbidhā’’ti vadanti, taṃ etāsaṃ saṅgahavasena vuttaṃ. So pana saṅgaho parato āvi bhavissati.

Ko ca tāsaṃ kamoti ettha kamo nāma desanākkamo, so ca paṭhamasamādānahetuko, samādānaṃ pavicayahetukaṃ, iti yathā ādimhi paṭhamābhinīhārakāle pavicitā, samādinnā ca, tathā desitā. Yathāha ‘‘vicinanto tadādakkhiṃ, paṭhamaṃ dānapārami’’ntiādi (bu. vaṃ. 2.116) tenetaṃ vuccati –

‘‘Paṭhamaṃ samādānatā-vasenāyaṃ kamo ruto;

Atha vā aññamaññassa, bahūpakāratopi cā’’ti.

Tattha hi dānaṃ sīlassa bahūpakāraṃ, sukarañcāti taṃ ādimhi vuttaṃ. Dānaṃ pana sīlapariggahitaṃ mahapphalaṃ hoti mahānisaṃsanti dānānantaraṃ sīlaṃ vuttaṃ. Sīlaṃ nekkhammapariggahitaṃ…pe… nekkhammaṃ paññāpariggahitaṃ…pe… paññā vīriyapariggahitā…pe… vīriyaṃ khantipariggahitaṃ…pe… khanti saccapariggahitā…pe… saccaṃ adhiṭṭhānapariggahitaṃ…pe… adhiṭṭhānaṃ mettāpariggahitaṃ…pe… mettā upekkhāpariggahitā mahapphalā hoti mahānisaṃsāti mettānantaraṃ upekkhā vuttā. Upekkhā pana karuṇāpariggahitā, karuṇā ca upekkhāpariggahitāti veditabbā. Kathaṃ pana mahākāruṇikā bodhisattā sattesu upekkhakā hontīti? Upekkhitabbayuttakesu kañci kālaṃ upekkhakā honti, na pana sabbattha, sabbadā cāti keci. Apare pana na ca sattesu upekkhakā, sattakatesu pana vippakāresu upekkhakā hontīti, idamevettha yuttaṃ.

Aparo nayo –

Sabbasādhāraṇatādi-kāraṇehipi īritaṃ;

Dānaṃ ādimhi sesā tu, purimepi apekkhakā.

Pacurajanesupi hi pavattiyā sabbasattasādhāraṇattā, appaphalattā, sukarattā ca dānaṃ ādimhi vuttaṃ. Sīlena dāyakapaṭiggāhakasuddhito parānuggahaṃ vatvā parapīḷānivattivacanato, kiriyadhammaṃ vatvā akiriyadhammavacanato, bhogasampattihetuṃ vatvā bhavasampattihetuvacanato ca dānassānantaraṃ sīlaṃ vuttaṃ. Nekkhammena sīlasampattisiddhito, kāyavacīsucaritaṃ vatvā manosucaritavacanato, visuddhasīlassa sukheneva jhānasamijjhanato, kammāparādhappahānena payogasuddhiṃ vatvā kilesāparādhappahānena āsayasuddhivacanato, vītikkamappahāne ṭhitassa pariyuṭṭhānappahānavacanato ca sīlassānantaraṃ nekkhammaṃ vuttaṃ. Paññāya nekkhammassa siddhiparisuddhito, jhānābhāve paññābhāvavacanato. Samādhipadaṭṭhānā hi paññā, paññāpaccupaṭṭhāno ca samādhi. Samathanimittaṃ vatvā upekkhānimittavacanato, parahitajjhānena parahitakaraṇūpāyakosallavacanato ca nekkhammassānantaraṃ paññā vuttā. Vīriyārambhena paññākiccasiddhito, sattasuññatādhammanijjhānakkhantiṃ vatvā sattahitāya ārambhassa acchariyatāvacanato, upekkhānimittaṃ vatvā paggahanimittavacanato, nisammakāritaṃ vatvā uṭṭhānavacanato ca. Nisammakārino hi uṭṭhānaṃ phalavisesamāvahatīti paññāyānantaraṃ vīriyaṃ vuttaṃ.

Vīriyena titikkhāsiddhito. Vīriyavā hi āraddhavīriyattā sattasaṅkhārehi upanītaṃ dukkhaṃ abhibhuyya viharati. Vīriyassa titikkhālaṅkārabhāvato. Vīriyavato hi titikkhā sobhati. Paggahanimittaṃ vatvā samathanimittavacanato, accārambhena uddhaccadosappahānavacanato. Dhammanijjhānakkhantiyā hi uddhaccadoso pahīyati. Vīriyavato sātaccakaraṇavacanato. Khantibahulo hi anuddhato sātaccakārī hoti. Appamādavato parahitakiriyārambhe paccupakārataṇhābhāvavacanato. Yāthāvato dhammanijjhāne hi sati taṇhā na hoti. Parahitārambhe paramepi parakatadukkhasahanatāvacanato ca vīriyassānantaraṃ khanti vuttā. Saccena khantiyā cirādhiṭṭhānato, apakārino apakārakhantiṃ vatvā tadupakārakaraṇe avisaṃvādavacanato, khantiyā apavādavācāvikampanena bhūtavāditāya avijahanavacanato, sattasuññatādhamma-nijjhānakkhantiṃ vatvā tadupabrūhitañāṇasaccassa vacanato ca khantiyānantaraṃ saccaṃ vuttaṃ. Adhiṭṭhānena saccasiddhito. Acalādhiṭṭhānassa hi virati sijjhati. Avisaṃvāditaṃ vatvā tattha acalabhāvavacanato. Saccasandho hi dānādīsu paṭiññānurūpaṃ niccalo pavattati. Ñāṇasaccaṃ vatvā sambhāresu pavattiniṭṭhāpanavacanato. Yathābhūtañāṇavā hi bodhisambhāresu adhiṭṭhāti, te ca niṭṭhāpeti. Paṭipakkhehi akampiyabhāvato ca saccassānantaraṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ vuttaṃ. Mettāya parahitakaraṇasamādānādhiṭṭhānasiddhito, adhiṭṭhānaṃ vatvā hitūpasaṃhāravacanato. Bodhisambhāre hi adhitiṭṭhamāno mettāvihārī hoti. Acalādhiṭṭhānassa samādānāvikopanena samādānasambhavato ca adhiṭṭhānassānantaraṃ mettā vuttā. Upekkhāya mettāvisuddhito, sattesu hitūpasaṃhāraṃ vatvā tadaparādhesu udāsīnatāvacanato, mettābhāvanaṃ vatvā tannissandabhāvanāvacanato, ‘‘hitakāmasattepi upekkhako’’ti acchariyaguṇatāvacanato ca mettāyānantaraṃ upekkhā vuttāti evametāsaṃ kamo veditabbo.

Kāni lakkhaṇādīni sabbathāti ettha pana avisesena –

Paresamanuggahaṇaṃ, lakkhaṇanti pavuccati;

Upakāro akampo ca, raso hitesitāpi ca.

Buddhattaṃ paccupaṭṭhānaṃ, dayā ñāṇaṃ pavuccati;

Padaṭṭhānanti tāsantu, paccekaṃ tāni bhedato.

Sabbāpi hi pāramiyo parānuggahalakkhaṇā, paresaṃ upakārakaraṇarasā, avikampanarasā vā, hitesitāpaccupaṭṭhānā, buddhattapaccupaṭṭhānā vā, mahākaruṇāpadaṭṭhānā, karuṇūpāyakosallapadaṭṭhānā vā.

Visesena pana yasmā karuṇūpāyakosallapariggahitā attupakaraṇapariccāgacetanā dānapāramī. Karuṇūpāyakosallapariggahitaṃ kāyavacīsucaritaṃ atthato akattabbavirati, kattabbakaraṇacetanādayo ca sīlapāramī. Karuṇūpāyakosallapariggahito ādīnavadassanapubbaṅgamo kāmabhavehi nikkhamanacittuppādo nekkhammapāramī. Karuṇūpāyakosallapariggahito dhammānaṃ sāmaññavisesalakkhaṇāvabodho paññāpāramī. Karuṇūpāyakosallapariggahito kāyacittehi parahitārambho vīriyapāramī. Karuṇūpāyakosallapariggahito sattasaṅkhārāparādhasahanasaṅkhāto adosappadhāno tadākārappavatto cittuppādo khantipāramī. Karuṇūpāyakosallapariggahitaṃ viraticetanādibhedaṃ avisaṃvādanaṃ saccapāramī. Karuṇūpāyakosallapariggahito acalasamādānādhiṭṭhānasaṅkhāto tadākārappavatto cittuppādo adhiṭṭhānapāramī. Karuṇūpāyakosallapariggahito lokassa hitasukhūpasaṃhāro atthato abyāpādo mettāpāramī. Karuṇūpāyakosallapariggahitā anunayapaṭighaviddhaṃsanasaṅkhātā iṭṭhāniṭṭhesu sattasaṅkhāresu samappavatti upekkhāpāramī.

Tasmā pariccāgalakkhaṇaṃ dānaṃ, deyyadhamme lobhaviddhaṃsanarasaṃ, anāsattipaccupaṭṭhānaṃ, bhavavibhavasampattipaccupaṭṭhānaṃ vā, pariccajitabbavatthupadaṭṭhānaṃ. Sīlanalakkhaṇaṃ sīlaṃ, samādhānalakkhaṇaṃ, patiṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ vāti vuttaṃ hoti. Dussīlyaviddhaṃsanarasaṃ, anavajjarasaṃ vā, soceyyapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ, hirottappapadaṭṭhānaṃ. Kāmato, bhavato ca nikkhamanalakkhaṇaṃ nekkhammaṃ, tadādīnavavibhāvanarasaṃ, tatoyeva vimukhabhāvapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ, saṃvegapadaṭṭhānaṃ. Yathāsabhāvapaṭivedhalakkhaṇā paññā, akkhalitapaṭivedhalakkhaṇā vā kusalissāsakhittausupaṭivedho viya, visayobhāsanarasā padīpo viya, asammohapaccupaṭṭhānā araññagatasudesako viya, samādhipadaṭṭhānā, catusaccapadaṭṭhānā vā. Ussāhalakkhaṇaṃ vīriyaṃ, upatthambhanarasaṃ, asaṃsīdanapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ, vīriyārambhavatthupadaṭṭhānaṃ, saṃvegapadaṭṭhānaṃ vā.

Khamanalakkhaṇā khanti, iṭṭhāniṭṭhasahanarasā, adhivāsanapaccupaṭṭhānā, avirodhapaccupaṭṭhānā vā, yathābhūtadassanapadaṭṭhānā. Avisaṃvādanalakkhaṇaṃ saccaṃ, yāthāvavibhāvanarasaṃ, sādhutāpaccupaṭṭhānaṃ, soraccapadaṭṭhānaṃ. Bodhisambhāresu adhiṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ, tesaṃ paṭipakkhābhibhavanarasaṃ, tattha acalatāpaccupaṭṭhānaṃ, bodhisambhārapadaṭṭhānaṃ. Hitākārappavattilakkhaṇā mettā, hitūpasaṃhārarasā, āghātavinayanarasā vā, sommabhāvapaccupaṭṭhānā, sattānaṃ manāpabhāvadassanapadaṭṭhānā. Majjhattākārappavattilakkhaṇā upekkhā, samabhāvadassanarasā, paṭighānunayavūpasamapaccupaṭṭhānā, kammassakatāpaccavekkhaṇapadaṭṭhānā. Ettha ca karuṇūpāyakosallapariggahitatā dānādīnaṃ pariccāgādilakkhaṇassa visesanabhāvena vattabbā, yato tāni pāramīsaṅkhyaṃ labhanti. Na hi sammāsambodhiyādipatthanamaññatra akaruṇūpāyakosallapariggahitāni vaṭṭagāmīni dānādīni pāramīsaṅkhyaṃ labhantīti.

Ko paccayoti –

Abhinīhāro ca tāsaṃ, dayā ñāṇañca paccayo;

Ussāhummaṅgavatthānaṃ, hitācārādayo tathā.

Abhinīhāro tāva pāramīnaṃ sabbāsampi paccayo. Yo hi ayaṃ ‘‘manussattaṃ liṅgasampattī’’tiādi (bu. vaṃ. 2.59) aṭṭhadhammasamodhānasampādito ‘‘tiṇṇo tāreyyaṃ mutto moceyyaṃ, buddho bodheyyaṃ suddho sodheyyaṃ, danto dameyyaṃ, santo sameyyaṃ, assattho assāseyyaṃ, parinibbuto parinibbāpeyya’’ntiādinā pavatto abhinīhāro, so avisesena sabbapāramīnaṃ paccayo. Tappavattiyā hi uddhaṃ pāramīnaṃ pavicayupaṭṭhānasamādānādhiṭṭhānanipphattiyo mahāpurisānaṃ sambhavanti, abhinīhāro ca nāmesa atthato bhesamaṭṭhaṅgānaṃ samodhānena tathāpavatto cittuppādo, ‘‘aho vatāhaṃ anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjheyyaṃ, sabbasattānaṃ hitasukhaṃ nipphādeyya’’ntiādipatthanāsaṅkhāto acinteyyaṃ buddhabhūmiṃ, aparimāṇaṃ lokahitañca ārabbha pavattiyā sabbabuddhakārakadhammamūlabhūto paramabhaddako paramakalyāṇo aparimeyyappabhāvo puññavisesoti daṭṭhabbo.

Tassa ca uppattiyā saheva mahāpuriso mahābodhiyānapaṭipattiṃ otiṇṇo nāma hoti, niyatabhāvasamadhigamanato, tato ca anivattanasabhāvato ‘‘bodhisatto’’ti samaññaṃ labhati, sabbabhāgena sammāsambodhiyaṃ sammāsattamānasatā, bodhisambhāre sikkhāsamatthatā cassa santiṭṭhati. Yathāvuttābhinīhārasamijjhanena hi mahāpurisā sabbaññutaññāṇādhigamanapubbaliṅgena sayambhuñāṇena sammadeva sabbapāramiyo vicinitvā samādāya anukkamena paripūrenti, yathā taṃ katamahābhinīhāro sumedhapaṇḍito. Yathāha –

‘‘Handa buddhakare dhamme, vicināmi ito cito;

Uddhaṃ adho dasa disā, yāvatā dhammadhātuyā;

Vicinanto tadā dakkhiṃ, paṭhamaṃ dānapārami’’nti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.115, 116); –

Vitthāro. Lakkhaṇādito panesa sammadeva sammāsambodhipaṇidhānalakkhaṇo, ‘‘aho vatāhaṃ anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjheyyaṃ, sabbasattānaṃ hitasukhaṃ nipphādeyya’’ntiādipatthanāraso, bodhisambhārahetubhāvapaccupaṭṭhāno, mahākaruṇāpadaṭṭhāno, upanissayasampattipadaṭṭhāno vā.

Tassa pana abhinīhārassa cattāro paccayā, cattāro hetū, cattāri ca balāni veditabbāni. Tattha katame cattāro paccayā mahābhinīhārāya? Idha mahāpuriso passati tathāgataṃ mahatā buddhānubhāvena acchariyabbhutaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ karontaṃ, tassa taṃ nissāya taṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā mahābodhiyaṃ cittaṃ santiṭṭhati ‘‘mahānubhāvā vatāyaṃ dhammadhātu, yassā suppaṭividdhattā bhagavā evaṃ acchariyabbhutadhammo, acinteyyānubhāvo cā’’ti, so tameva mahānubhāvadassanaṃ nissāya taṃ paccayaṃ katvā sambodhiyaṃ adhimuccanto tattha cittaṃ ṭhapeti, ayaṃ paṭhamo paccayo mahābhinīhārāya.

Na heva kho passati tathāgatassa yathāvuttaṃ mahānubhāvataṃ, apica kho suṇāti ‘‘ediso ca ediso ca bhagavā’’ti, so taṃ nissāya taṃ paccayaṃ katvā sambodhiyaṃ adhimuccanto tattha cittaṃ ṭhapeti, ayaṃ dutiyo paccayo mahābhinīhārāya.

Na heva kho passati tathāgatassa yathāvuttaṃ mahānubhāvataṃ, nāpi taṃ parato suṇāti, apica kho tathāgatassa dhammaṃ desentassa ‘‘dasabalasamannāgato bhikkhave, tathāgato’’tiādinā (saṃ. ni. 2.21) buddhānubhāvapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ dhammaṃ suṇāti, so taṃ nissāya…pe… ayaṃ tatiyo paccayo mahābhinīhārāya.

Na heva kho passati tathāgatassa yathāvuttaṃ mahānubhāvataṃ, nāpi taṃ parato suṇāti, nāpi tathāgatassa dhammaṃ suṇāti, apica kho uḷārajjhāsayo kalyāṇādhimuttiko ‘‘ahametaṃ buddhavaṃsaṃ buddhatantiṃ buddhapaveṇiṃ buddadhammataṃ paripālessāmī’’ti yāvadeva dhammaññeva sakkaronto garuṃ karonto mānento pūjento dhammaṃ apacayamāno taṃ nissāya…pe… ṭhapeti, ayaṃ catuttho paccayo mahābhinīhārāyāti.

Katame cattāro hetū mahābhinīhārāya? Idha mahāpuriso pakatiyā upanissayasampanno hoti purimakesu buddhesu katādhikāro, ayaṃ paṭhamo hetu mahābhinīhārāya. Puna caparaṃ mahāpuriso pakatiyāpi karuṇājjhāsayo hoti karuṇādhimutto sattānaṃ dukkhaṃ apanetukāmo, apica attano kāyañca jīvitañca pariccaji, ayaṃ dutiyo hetu mahābhinīhārāya. Puna caparaṃ mahāpuriso sakalatopi vaṭṭadukkhato sattahitāya dukkaracariyato sucirampi kālaṃ ghaṭento vāyamanto anibbinno hoti anutrāsī, yāva icchitatthanipphatti, ayaṃ tatiyo hetu mahābhinīhārāya. Puna caparaṃ mahāpuriso kalyāṇamittasannissito hoti, yo ahitato naṃ nivāreti, hite patiṭṭhāpeti, ayaṃ catuttho hetu mahābhinīhārāya.

Tatrāyaṃ mahāpurisassa upanissayasampadā – ekantenevassa yathā ajjhāsayo sambodhininno hoti sambodhipoṇo sambodhipabbhāro, tathā sattānaṃ hitacariyāya, yato anena purimabuddhānaṃ santike sambodhiyā paṇidhānaṃ kataṃ hoti manasā, vācāya ca ‘‘ahampi ediso sammāsambuddho hutvā sammadeva sattānaṃ hitasukhaṃ nipphādeyya’’nti. Evaṃ sampannūpanissayassa panassa imāni upanissayasampattiyā liṅgāni sambhavanti, yehi samannāgatassa sāvakabodhisattehi, paccekabodhisattehi ca mahāviseso mahantaṃ nānākaraṇaṃ paññāyati indriyato, paṭipattito, kosallato ca. Idha hi upanissayasampanno mahāpuriso yathā visadindriyo hoti visadañāṇo, na tathā itare. Parahitāya paṭipanno hoti, no attahitāya. Tathā hi so yathā bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ paṭipajji, na tathā itare, tattha ca kosallaṃ āvahati ṭhānuppattikapaṭibhānena, ṭhānāṭhānakusalatāya ca.

Tathā mahāpuriso pakatiyā dānajjhāsayo hoti dānābhirato, sati deyyadhamme detiyeva, na dānato saṅkocaṃ āpajjati, satataṃ samitaṃ saṃvibhāgasīlo hoti, pamuditova deti ādarajāto, na udāsīnacitto, mahantampi dānaṃ datvā neva dānena santuṭṭho hoti, pageva appaṃ. Paresañca ussāhaṃ janento dāne vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, dānapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ dhammakathaṃ karoti, aññe ca paresaṃ dente disvā attamano hoti, bhayaṭṭhānesu ca paresaṃ abhayaṃ detīti evamādīni dānajjhāsayassa mahāpurisassa dānapāramiyā liṅgāni.

Tathā pāṇātipātādīhi pāpadhammehi hirīyati ottappati, sattānaṃ aviheṭhanajātiko hoti, sorato sukhasīlo asaṭho amāyāvī ujujātiko subbaco sovacassakaraṇīyehi dhammehi samannāgato mudujātiko athaddho anatimānī, parasantakaṃ nādiyati antamaso tiṇasalākamupādāya, attano hatthe nikkhittaṃ iṇaṃ vā gahetvā paraṃ na visaṃvādeti, parasmiṃ vā attano santake byāmūḷhe, vissarite vā taṃ saññāpetvā paṭipādeti yathā taṃ na parahatthagataṃ hoti, aloluppo hoti, parapariggahitesu pāpakaṃ cittampi na uppādeti, itthibyasanādīni dūrato parivajjeti, saccavādī saccasandho bhinnānaṃ sandhātā sahitānaṃ anuppadātā piyavādī mihitapubbaṅgamo pubbabhāsī atthavādī dhammavādī anabhijjhālu abyāpannacitto aviparītadassano kammassakatāñāṇena, saccānulomikañāṇena ca, kataññū katavedī vuḍḍhāpacāyī suvisuddhājīvo dhammakāmo, paresampi dhamme samādapetā sabbena sabbaṃ akiccato satte nivāretā kiccesu patiṭṭhapetā attanā ca tattha kicce yogaṃ āpajjitā, katvā vā pana sayaṃ akattabbaṃ sīghaññeva tato paṭivirato hotīti evamādīni sīlajjhāsayassa mahāpurisassa sīlapāramiyā liṅgāni.

Tathā mandakileso hoti mandanīvaraṇo pavivekajjhāsayo avikkhepabahulo, na tassa pāpakā vitakkā cittamanvāssavanti, vivekagatassa cassa appakasireneva cittaṃ samādhiyati, amittapakkhepi tuvaṭaṃ mettacittatā santiṭṭhati, pageva itarasmiṃ, satimā ca hoti cirakatampi cirabhāsitampi susaritā anussaritā, medhāvī ca hoti dhammojapaññāya samannāgato, nipako ca hoti tāsu tāsu itikattabbatāsu, āraddhavīriyo ca hoti sattānaṃ hitakiriyāsu, khantibalasamannāgato ca hoti sabbasaho, acalādhiṭṭhāno ca hoti daḷhasamādāno, ajjhupekkhako ca hoti upekkhāṭhānīyesu dhammesūti evamādīni mahāpurisassa nekkhammajjhāsayādīnaṃ vasena nekkhammapāramiyādīnaṃ liṅgāni veditabbāni.

Evametehi bodhisambhāraliṅgehi samannāgatassa mahāpurisassa yaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘mahābhinīhārāya kalyāṇamittasannissayo hetū’’ti, tatridaṃ saṅkhepato kalyāṇamittalakkhaṇaṃ – idha kalyāṇamitto saddhāsampanno hoti sīlasampanno sutasampanno cāgavīriyasatisamādhipaññāsampanno. Tattha saddhāsampattiyā saddahati tathāgatassa bodhiṃ kammaṃ, kammaphalañca, tena sammāsambodhiyā hetubhūtaṃ sattesu hitesitaṃ na pariccajati. Sīlasampattiyā sattānaṃ piyo hoti manāpo garu bhāvanīyo codako pāpagarahiko vattā vacanakkhamo. Sutasampattiyā sattānaṃ hitasukhāvahaṃ gambhīraṃ dhammakathaṃ kattā hoti. Cāgasampattiyā appiccho hoti samāhito santuṭṭho pavivitto asaṃsaṭṭho. Vīriyasampattiyā āraddhavīriyo hoti sattānaṃ hitapaṭipattiyā. Satisampattiyā upaṭṭhitassatī hoti anavajjesu dhammesu. Samādhisampattiyā avikkhitto hoti samāhitacitto. Paññāsampattiyā aviparītaṃ pajānāti. So satiyā kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ gatiyo samanvesamāno paññāya sattānaṃ hitāhitaṃ yathābhūtaṃ jānitvā samādhinā tattha ekaggacitto hutvā vīriyena ahitā satte nisedhetvā hite niyojeti. Tenāha –

‘‘Piyo garu bhāvanīyo, vattā ca vacanakkhamo;

Gambhīrañca kathaṃ kattā, no caṭṭhāne niyojako’’ti. (a. ni. 7.37; netti. 113);

Evaṃ guṇasamannāgataṃva kalyāṇamittaṃ upanissāya mahāpuriso attano upanissayasampattiṃ sammadeva pariyodapeti. Suvisuddhāsayapayogova hutvā catūhi balehi samannāgato nacireneva aṭṭhaṅge samodhānetvā mahābhinīhāraṃ karonto bodhisattabhāve patiṭṭhahati anivattidhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo.

Tassimāni cattāri balāni ajjhattikabalaṃ yā sammāsambodhiyaṃ attasannissayā dhammagāravena abhiruci ekantaninnajjhāsayatā, yāya mahāpuriso attādhipatilajjāsannissayo, abhinīhārasampanno ca hutvā pāramiyo pūretvā sammāsambodhiṃ pāpuṇāti. Bāhirabalaṃ yā sammāsambodhiyaṃ parasannissayā abhiruci ekantaninnajjhāsayatā, yāya mahāpuriso lokādhipatiottappanasannissayo, abhinīhārasampanno ca hutvā pāramiyo pūretvā sammāsambodhiṃ pāpuṇāti. Upanissayabalaṃ yā sammāsambodhiyaṃ upanissayasampattiyā abhiruci ekantaninnajjhāsayatā, yāya mahāpuriso tikkhindriyo, visadadhātuko, satisannissayo, abhinīhārasampanno ca hutvā pāramiyo pūretvā sammāsambodhiṃ pāpuṇāti. Payogabalaṃ yā sammāsambodhiyā tajjā payogasampadā sakkaccakāritā sātaccakāritā, yāya mahāpuriso visuddhapayogo, nirantarakārī, abhinīhārasampanno ca hutvā pāramiyo pūretvā sammāsambodhiṃ pāpuṇāti. Evamayaṃ catūhi paccayehi, catūhi hetūhi, catūhi ca balehi sampannasamudāgamo aṭṭhaṅgasamodhānasampādito abhinīhāro pāramīnaṃ paccayo hoti mūlakāraṇabhāvato.

Yassa ca pavattiyā mahāpurise cattāro acchariyā abbhutā dhammā patiṭṭhahanti, sabbaṃ sattanikāyaṃ attano orasaputtaṃ viya piyacittena pariggaṇhāti, na cassa cittaṃ puna saṃkilesavasena saṃkilissati, sattānaṃ hitasukhāvaho cassa ajjhāsayo, payogo ca hoti, attano ca buddhakārakadhammā uparūpari vaḍḍhanti, paripaccanti ca, yato mahāpuriso uḷāratarena puññābhisandena kusalābhisandena pavaḍḍhiyā [pavattiyā (cariyā. aṭṭha. pakiṇṇakakathā)] paccayena sukhassāhārena samannāgato sattānaṃ dakkhiṇeyyo uttamaṃ gāravaṭṭhānaṃ, asadisaṃ puññakkhettañca hoti. Evamanekaguṇo anekānisaṃso mahābhinīhāro pāramīnaṃ paccayoti veditabbo.

Yathā ca mahābhinīhāro, evaṃ mahākaruṇā, upāyakosallañca. Tattha upāyakosallaṃ nāma dānādīnaṃ bodhisambhārabhāvassa nimittabhūtā paññā, yāhi mahākaruṇūpāyakosallatāhi mahāpurisānaṃ attasukhanirapekkhatā, nirantaraṃ parasukhakaraṇapasutatā, sudukkarehi mahābodhisattacaritehi visādābhāvo, pasādasaṃvuddhidassanasavanānussaraṇāvatthāsupi sattānaṃ hitasukhapaṭilābhahetubhāvo ca sampajjati. Tathā hi tassa paññāya buddhabhāvasiddhi, karuṇāya buddhakammasiddhi. Paññāya sayaṃ tarati, karuṇāya pare tāreti. Paññāya paradukkhaṃ parijānāti, karuṇāya paradukkhapaṭikāraṃ ārabhati. Paññāya dukkhaṃ nibbindati, karuṇāya dukkhaṃ sampaṭicchati. Paññāya nibbānābhimukho hoti, karuṇāya taṃ na pāpuṇāti. Tathā karuṇāya saṃsārābhimukho hoti, paññāya tatra nābhiramati. Paññāya sabbattha virajjati, karuṇānugatattā na ca na sabbesamanuggahāya pavatto, karuṇāya sabbepi anukampati, paññānugatattā na ca na sabbattha virattacitto. Paññāya ahaṃkāramamaṃkārābhāvo, karuṇāya ālasiyadīnatābhāvo.

Tathā paññākaruṇāhi yathākkamaṃ attanāthaparanāthatā, dhīravīrabhāvo, anattantapāparantapatā, attahitaparahitanipphatti, nibbhayābhīsanakabhāvo, dhammādhipatilokādhipatitā, kataññupubbakāribhāvo, mohataṇhāvigamo, vijjācaraṇasiddhi, balavesārajjanipphattīti sabbassāpi pāramitāphalassa visesena upāyabhāvato paññā karuṇā pāramīnaṃ paccayo. Idaṃ pana dvayaṃ pāramīnaṃ viya paṇidhānassāpi paccayo.

Tathā ussāhaummaṅgaavatthānahitacariyā ca pāramīnaṃ paccayoti veditabbo. Yā ca buddhabhāvassa uppattiṭṭhānatāya ‘‘buddhabhūmiyo’’ti vuccanti. Tattha ussāho nāma bodhisambhārānaṃ abbhussāhanavīriyaṃ. Ummaṅgo nāma bodhisambhāresu upāyakosallabhūtā paññā. Avatthānaṃ nāma adhiṭṭhānaṃ, acalādhiṭṭhānatā. Hitacariyā nāma mettābhāvanā, karuṇābhāvanā ca. Yathāha –

‘‘Kati pana bhante, buddhabhūmiyoti? Catasso kho sāriputta, buddhabhūmiyo. Katamā catasso? Ussāho ca hoti vīriyaṃ, ummaṅgo ca hoti paññābhāvanā, avatthānañca hoti adhiṭṭhānaṃ, hitacariyā ca hoti mettābhāvanā. Imā kho sāriputta, catasso buddhabhūmiyo’’ti (su. ni. aṭṭha. 1.34).

Tathā nekkhammapavivekaalobhādosāmohanissaraṇappabhedā ca cha ajjhāsayā. Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘Nekkhammajjhāsayā ca bodhisattā kāmesu, gharāvāse ca dosadassāvino, pavivekajjhāsayā ca bodhisattā saṅgaṇikāya dosadassāvino. Alobha…pe… lobhe…pe… adosa…pe… dose…pe… amoha…pe… mohe…pe… nissaraṇa…pe… sabbabhavesu dosadassāvino’’ti (su. ni. aṭṭha. 1.34; visuddhi. 1.49).

Tasmā ete ca cha ajjhāsayāpi pāramīnaṃ paccayāti veditabbā. Na hi lobhādīsu ādīnavadassanena, alobhādīnaṃ adhikabhāvena ca vinā dānādipāramiyo sambhavanti. Alobhādīnañhi adhikabhāvena pariccāgādininnacittatā, alobhajjhāsayāditā cāti, yathā cete, evaṃ dānajjhāsayatādayopi. Yathāha –

‘‘Kati pana bhante bodhāya carantānaṃ bodhisattānaṃ ajjhāsayāti? Dasa kho sāriputta, bodhāya carantānaṃ bodhisattānaṃ ajjhāsayā. Katame dasa? Dānajjhāsayā sāriputta, bodhisattā macchere dosadassāvino. Sīla…pe… asaṃvare…pe… nekkhamma…pe… kāmesu…pe… yathābhūtañāṇa…pe… vicikicchāya.…Pe… vīriya …pe… kosajje…pe… khanti…pe… akkhantiyaṃ…pe… sacca…pe… visaṃvādane…pe… adhiṭṭhāna…pe… anadhiṭṭhāne…pe… mettā…pe… byāpāde…pe… upekkhā…pe… sukhadukkhesu ādīnavadassāvino’’ti.

Etesu hi maccheraasaṃvarakāmavicikicchākosajjaakkhantivisaṃvādanaanadhiṭṭhāna- byāpādasukhadukkhasaṅkhātesu ādīnavadassanapubbaṅgamā dānādininnacittatāsaṅkhātā dānajjhāsayatādayo dānādipāramīnaṃ nibbattiyā paccayo. Tathā apariccāgapariccāgādīsu yathākkamaṃ ādīnavānisaṃsapaccavekkhaṇampi dānādipāramīnaṃ paccayo hoti.

Tatrāyaṃ paccavekkhaṇāvidhi – khettavatthuhiraññasuvaṇṇagomahiṃ sadāsīdāsaputtadārādipariggahabyāsattacittānaṃ sattānaṃ khettādīnaṃ vatthukāmabhāvena bahupatthanīyabhāvato, rājacorādisādhāraṇabhāvato, vivādādhiṭṭhānato, sapattakaraṇato, nissārato, paṭilābhaparipālanesu paraviheṭhanahetubhāvato, vināsanimittañcasokādianekavihitabyasanāvahato tadāsattinidānañca maccheramalapariyuṭṭhitacittānaṃ apāyūpapattihetubhāvatoti evaṃ vividhavipulānatthāvahāni pariggahitavatthūni nāma, tesaṃ pariccāgoyeveko sotthibhāvoti pariccāge appamādo karaṇīyo.

Apica ‘‘yācako yācamāno attano guyhassa ācikkhanato mayhaṃ vissāsiko’’ti ca ‘‘pahāya gamanīyaṃ attano santakaṃ gahetvā paralokaṃ yāhītiupadisanato mayhaṃ upadesako’’ti ca ‘‘āditte viya agāre maraṇagginā āditte loke tato mayhaṃ santakassa apaharaṇato apavāhakasahāyo’’ti ca ‘‘apavāhitassa cassa ajjhāpananikkhepaṭṭhānabhūto’’ti ca ‘‘dānasaṅkhāte kalyāṇakammasmiṃ sahāyabhāvato, sabbasampattīnaṃ aggabhūtāya paramadullabhāya buddhabhūmiyā sampattihetubhāvato ca paramo kalyāṇamitto’’ti ca paccavekkhitabbaṃ.

Tathā ‘‘uḷāre kammani anenāhaṃ sambhāvito, tasmā sā sambhāvanā avitathā kātabbā’’ti ca ‘‘ekantabheditāya jīvitassa āyācitenāpi mayā dātabbaṃ, pageva yācitenā’’ti ca ‘‘uḷārajjhāsayehi gavesitvāpi dātabbo, [dātabbato (cariyā. aṭṭha. pakiṇṇakakathāvaṇṇanā)] sayamevāgato mama puññenā’’ti ca ‘‘yācakassa dānāpadesena mayhamevāyamanuggaho’’ti ca ‘‘ahaṃ viya ayaṃ sabbopi loko mayā anuggahetabbo’’ti ca ‘‘asati yācake kathaṃ mayhaṃ dānapāramī pūreyyā’’ti ca ‘‘yācakānamevatthāya mayā sabbopi pariggahetabbo’’ti ca ‘‘ayācitvāpi maṃ mama santakaṃ yācakā kadā sayameva gaṇheyyu’’nti ca ‘‘kathamahaṃ yācakānaṃ piyo cassaṃ manāpo’’ti ca ‘‘kathaṃ vā te mayhaṃ piyā cassu manāpā’’ti ca ‘‘kathaṃ vāhaṃ dadamāno datvāpi ca attamano assaṃ pamudito pītisomanassajāto’’ti ca ‘‘kathaṃ vā me yācakā bhaveyyuṃ, uḷāro ca dānajjhāsayo’’ti ca ‘‘kathaṃ vāhamayācito eva yācakānaṃ hadayamaññāya dadeyya’’nti ‘‘sati dhane, yācake ca apariccāgo mahatī mayhaṃ vañcanā’’ti ca ‘‘kathamahaṃ attano aṅgāni, jīvitañcāpi pariccajeyya’’nti ca cāganinnatā upaṭṭhapetabbā.

Apica ‘‘attho nāmāyaṃ nirapekkhaṃ dāyakamanugacchati yathā taṃ nirapekkhaṃ khepakaṃ kiṭako’’ti atthe nirapekkhatāya cittaṃ uppādetabbaṃ. Yācamāno pana yadi piyapuggalo hoti ‘‘piyo maṃ yācatī’’ti somanassaṃ uppādetabbaṃ. Atha udāsīnapuggalo hoti ‘‘ayaṃ maṃ yācamāno addhā iminā pariccāgena mitto hotī’’ti somanassaṃ uppādetabbaṃ. Dadanto hi yācakānaṃ piyo hotīti. Atha pana verīpuggalo yācati, ‘‘paccatthiko maṃ yācati, ayaṃ maṃ yācamāno addhā iminā pariccāgena verīpi piyo mitto hotī’’ti visesato somanassaṃ uppādetabbaṃ. Evaṃ piyapuggale viya majjhattaverīpuggalesupi mettāpubbaṅgamaṃ karuṇaṃ upaṭṭhapetvāva dātabbaṃ.

Sace panassa cirakālaṃ paribhāvitattā lobhassa deyyadhammavisayā lobhadhammā uppajjeyyuṃ, tena bodhisattapaṭiññena iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ ‘‘nanu tayā sappurisa sambodhāya abhinīhāraṃ karontena sabbasattānamupakārāya ayaṃ kāyo nissaṭṭho, tappariccāgamayañca puññaṃ, tattha nāma te bāhirepi vatthusmiṃ abhisaṅgappavatti hatthisinānasadisī hoti, tasmā tayā na katthaci abhisaṅgo uppādetabbo. Seyyathāpi nāma mahato bhesajjarukkhassa tiṭṭhato mūlaṃ mūlatthikā haranti, papaṭikaṃ, tacaṃ, khandhaṃ, viṭapaṃ, sākhaṃ, palāsaṃ, pupphaṃ, phalaṃ phalatthikā haranti, na tassa rukkhassa ‘mayhaṃ santakaṃ ete harantī’ti vitakkasamudācāro hoti, evameva sabbalokahitāya ussukkamāpajjantena mayā mahādukkhe akataññuke niccāsucimhi kāye paresaṃ upakārāya viniyujjamāne aṇumattopi micchāvitakko na uppādetabbo. Ko vā ettha viseso ajjhattikabāhiresu mahābhūtesu ekantabhedanavikiraṇaviddhaṃsanadhammesu. Kevalaṃ pana sammohavijambhitametaṃ, yadidaṃ ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’ti abhiniveso, tasmā bāhiresu mahābhūtesu viya ajjhattikesupi karacaraṇanayanādīsu, maṃsādīsu ca anapekkhena hutvā ‘taṃ tadatthikā harantū’ti nissaṭṭhacittena bhavitabba’’nti. Evaṃ paṭisañcikkhato cassa sambodhāya pahitattassa kāyajīvitesu nirapekkhassa appakasireneva kāyavacīmanokammāni suvisuddhāni honti, so visuddhakāyavacīmanokammanto visuddhājīvo ñāyapaṭipattiyaṃ ṭhito āyāpāyupāyakosallasamannāgamena bhiyyoso mattāya deyyadhammapariccāgena, abhayadānasaddhammadānehi ca sabbasatte anuggaṇhituṃ samattho hoti, ayaṃ tāva dānapāramiyaṃ paccavekkhaṇānayo.

Sīlapāramiyaṃ pana evaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ – ‘‘idañhi sīlaṃ nāma gaṅgodakādīhi visodhetuṃ asakkuṇeyyassa dosamalassa vikkhālanajalaṃ, haricandanādīhi vinetuṃ asakkuṇeyyassa rāgādipariḷāhassa vinayanaṃ, muttāhāramakuṭakuṇḍalādīhi pacurajanālaṅkārehi asādhāraṇo sādhūnamalaṅkāraviseso, sabbadisāvāyanako atikittimo [sabbadisāvāyanato akittimo (cariyā. aṭṭha. pakiṇṇakakathāvaṇṇanā; dī. ni. ṭī. 1.7)] sabbakālānurūpo ca surabhigandho, khattiyamahāsālādīhi, devatāhi ca vandanīyādibhāvāvahanato paramo vasīkaraṇamanto, cātumahārājikādidevalokārohaṇasopānapanti, jhānābhiññānaṃ adhigamūpāyo, nibbānamahānagarassa sampāpakamaggo, sāvakabodhipaccekabodhisammāsambodhīnaṃ patiṭṭhānabhūmi, yaṃ yaṃ vā panicchitaṃ patthitaṃ, tassa tassa samijjhanūpāyabhāvato cintāmaṇikapparukkhādike ca atiseti. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā ‘‘ijjhati bhikkhave, sīlavato cetopaṇidhi visuddhattā’’ti (dī. ni. 3.337; saṃ. ni. 4.352; a. ni. 8.35). Aparampi vuttaṃ ‘‘ākaṅkheyya ce bhikkhave, bhikkhu sabrahmacārīnaṃ piyo ca assaṃ manāpo ca garu ca bhāvanīyo cāti, sīlesvevassa paripūrakārī’’tiādi (ma. ni. 1.65). Tathā ‘‘avippaṭisāratthāni kho ānanda kusalāni sīlānī’’ti, (a. ni. 10.1; 11.1) ‘‘pañcime gahapatayo, ānisaṃsā sīlavato sīlasampadāyā’’tiādisuttānañca (dī. ni. 2.150; a. ni. 5.213; udā. 76; mahāva. 385) vasena sīlaguṇā paccavekkhitabbā. Tathā aggikkhandhopamasuttādīnaṃ (a. ni. 7.72) vasena sīlavirahe ādīnavā.

Apica pītisomanassanimittato, attānuvādaparānuvādadaṇḍaduggatibhayābhāvato, viññūhi pāsaṃsabhāvato, avippaṭisārahetuto, paramasotthiṭṭhānato, kulasāpateyyādhipateyyajīvitarūpaṭṭhānabandhumittasampattīnaṃ atisayanato ca sīlaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ. Sīlavato hi attano sīlasampadāhetu mahantaṃ pītisomanassaṃ uppajjati ‘‘kataṃ vata mayā kusalaṃ, kataṃ kalyāṇaṃ, kataṃ bhīruttāṇa’’nti.

Tathā sīlavato attā na upavadati, na ca pare viññū, daṇḍaduggatibhayānañca sambhavoyeva natthi, ‘‘sīlavā purisapuggalo kalyāṇadhammo’’ti viññūnaṃ pāsaṃso ca hoti. Tathā sīlavato yvāyaṃ ‘‘kataṃ vata mayā pāpaṃ, kataṃ luddaṃ, kataṃ kibbisa’’nti dussīlassa vippaṭisāro uppajjati, so na hoti. Sīlañca nāmetaṃ appamādādhiṭṭhānato, bhogabyasanādiparihāramukhena mahato atthassa sādhanato, maṅgalabhāvato, paramaṃ sotthiṭṭhānaṃ. Nihīnajaccopi sīlavā khattiyamahāsālādīnaṃ pūjanīyo hotīti kulasampattiṃ atiseti sīlasampadā, ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññasi mahārāja, idha te assa dāso kammakaro’’tiādi (dī. ni. 1.183) vakkhamānasāmaññasuttavacanañcettha sādhakaṃ, corādīhi asādhāraṇato, paralokānugamanato, mahapphalabhāvato, samathādiguṇādhiṭṭhānato ca bāhiradhanaṃ sāpateyyaṃ atiseti sīlaṃ. Paramassa cittissariyassa adhiṭṭhānabhāvato khattiyādīnamissariyaṃ atiseti sīlaṃ. Sīlanimittañhi taṃtaṃsattanikāyesu sattānamissariyaṃ, vassasatādidīghappamāṇato ca jīvitato ekāhampi sīlavato jīvitassa visiṭṭhatāvacanato, satipi jīvite sikkhānikkhipanassa maraṇatāvacanato ca sīlaṃ jīvitato visiṭṭhataraṃ. Verīnampi manuññabhāvāvahanato, jarārogavipattīhi anabhibhavanīyato ca rūpasampattiṃ atiseti sīlaṃ. Pāsādahammiyādiṭṭhānappabhede rājayuvarājasenāpatiādiṭhānavisese ca sukhavisesādhiṭṭhānabhāvato atiseti sīlaṃ. Sabhāvasiniddhe santikāvacarepi bandhujane, mittajane ca ekantahitasampādanato, paralokānugamanato ca atiseti sīlaṃ. ‘‘Na taṃ mātā pitā kayirā’’tiādi (dha. pa. 43) vacanañcettha sādhakaṃ. Tathā hatthiassarathapattibalakāyehi, mantāgadasotthānapayogehi ca durārakkhānamanāthānaṃ attādhīnato, anaparādhīnato, mahāvisayato ca ārakkhabhāvena sīlameva visiṭṭhataraṃ. Tenevāha ‘‘dhammo have rakkhati dhammacāri’’ntiādi (theragā. 303; jā. 1.10.102). Evamanekaguṇasamannāgataṃ sīlanti paccavekkhantassa aparipuṇṇā ceva sīlasampadā pāripūriṃ gacchati, aparisuddhā ca pārisuddhiṃ.

Sace panassa dīgharattaṃ paricayena sīlapaṭipakkhadhammā dosādayo antarantarā uppajjeyyuṃ, tena bodhisattapaṭiññena evaṃ paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ ‘‘nanu tayā bodhāya paṇidhānaṃ kataṃ, sīlavekallena ca na sakkā na ca sukarā lokiyāpi sampattiyo pāpuṇituṃ, pageva lokuttarā’’ti. Sabbasampattīnamaggabhūtāya sammāsambodhiyā adhiṭṭhānabhūtena sīlena paramukkaṃsagatena bhavitabbaṃ, tasmā ‘‘kikīva aṇḍa’’ntiādinā (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.7; visuddhi. 1.19) vuttanayena sammadeva sīlaṃ rakkhantena suṭṭhu tayā pesalena bhavitabbaṃ.

Apica tayā dhammadesanāya yānattaye sattānamavatāraṇaparipācanāni kātabbāni, sīlavekallassa ca vacanaṃ na paccetabbaṃ hoti, asappāyāhāravicārassa viya vejjassa tikicchanaṃ, tasmā ‘‘kathāhaṃ saddheyyo hutvā sattānamavatāraṇaparipācanāni kareyya’’nti sabhāvaparisuddhasīlena bhavitabbaṃ. Kiñca jhānādiguṇavisesayogena me sattānamupakārakaraṇasamatthatā, paññāpāramīādiparipūraṇañca jhānādayo guṇā ca sīlapārisuddhiṃ vinā na sambhavantīti sammadeva sīlaṃ sodhetabbaṃ.

Tathā ‘‘sambādho gharāvāso rajopatho’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.111; ma. ni. 1.291, 371; 2.10; 3.13, 218; saṃ. ni. 2.154; 5.1002; a. ni. 10.99; netti. 94) gharāvāse, ‘‘aṭṭhikaṅkalūpamā kāmā’’tiādinā (ma. ni. 1.234; 2.42; pāci. 417; cūḷani. 147) ‘‘mātāpi puttena vivadatī’’tiādinā (ma. ni. 1.168) ca kāmesu, ‘‘seyyathāpi puriso iṇaṃ ādāya kammante payojeyyā’’tiādinā (ma. ni. 1.426) kāmacchandādīsu ādīnavadassanapubbaṅgamā, vuttavipariyāyena ‘‘abbhokāso pabbajjā’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.191, 398; ma. ni. 1.291, 371; 2.10; 3.13, 218; saṃ. ni. 1.291; saṃ. ni. 5.1002; a. ni. 10.99; netti. 98) pabbajjādīsu ānisaṃsāpaṭisaṅkhāvasena nekkhammapāramiyaṃ paccavekkhaṇā kātabbā. Ayamettha saṅkhepo, vitthāro pana dukkhakkhandhaāsivisopamasuttādi (ma. ni. 1.163, 175; saṃ. ni. 4.238) vasena veditabbo.

Tathā ‘‘paññāya vinā dānādayo dhammā na visujjhanti, yathāsakaṃ byāpārasamatthā ca na hontī’’ti paññāya guṇā manasi kātabbā. Yatheva hi jīvitena vinā sarīrayantaṃ na sobhati, na ca attano kiriyāsu paṭipattisamatthaṃ hoti. Yathā ca cakkhādīni indriyāni viññāṇena vinā yathāsakaṃ visayesu kiccaṃ kātuṃ nappahonti, evaṃ saddhādīni indriyāni paññāya vinā sakakiccapaṭipattiyamasamatthānīti pariccāgādipaṭipattiyaṃ paññā padhānakāraṇaṃ. Ummīlitapaññācakkhukā hi mahāsattā bodhisattā attano aṅgapaccaṅgānipi datvā anattukkaṃsakā, aparavambhakā ca honti, bhesajjarukkhā viya vikapparahitā kālattayepi somanassajātā. Paññāvasena hi upāyakosallayogato pariccāgo parahitapavattiyā dānapāramibhāvaṃ upeti. Attatthañhi dānaṃ muddhasadisaṃ [vuddhisadisaṃ (dī. ni. ṭī. 1.7)] hoti.

Tathā paññāya abhāvena taṇhādisaṃkilesāviyogato sīlassa visuddhiyeva na sambhavati, kuto sabbaññuguṇādhiṭṭhānabhāvo. Paññavā eva ca gharāvāse kāmaguṇesu saṃsāre ca ādīnavaṃ, pabbajjāya jhānasamāpattiyaṃ nibbāne ca ānisaṃsaṃ suṭṭhu sallakkhento pabbajitvā jhānasamāpattiyo nibbattetvā nibbānaninno, pare ca tattha patiṭṭhapeti.

Vīriyañca paññārahitaṃ yathicchitamatthaṃ na sādheti durārambhabhāvato. Anārambhoyeva hi durārambhato seyyo, paññāsahitena pana vīriyena na kiñci duradhigamaṃ upāyapaṭipattito. Tathā paññavā eva parāpakārādīnamadhivāsakajātiyo hoti, na duppañño. Paññāvirahitassa ca parehi upanītā apakārā khantiyā paṭipakkhameva anubrūhenti. Paññavato pana te khantisampattiyā anubrūhanavasena assā thirabhāvāya saṃvattanti. Paññavā eva tīṇipi saccāni tesaṃ kāraṇāni paṭipakkhe ca yathābhūtaṃ jānitvā paresaṃ avisaṃvādako hoti. Tathā paññābalena attānamupatthambhetvā dhitisampadāya sabbapāramīsu acalasamādānādhiṭṭhāno hoti. Paññavā eva ca piyamajjhattaverivibhāgamakatvā sabbattha hitūpasaṃhārakusalo hoti. Tathā paññāvasena lābhālābhādilokadhammasannipāte nibbikāratāya majjhatto hoti. Evaṃ sabbāsaṃ pāramīnaṃ paññāva pārisuddhihetūti paññāguṇā paccavekkhitabbā.

Apica paññāya vinā na dassanasampatti, antarena ca diṭṭhisampadaṃ na sīlasampadā, sīladiṭṭhisampadārahitassa ca na samādhisampadā, asamāhitena ca na sakkā attahitamattampi sādhetuṃ, pageva ukkaṃsagataṃ parahitanti. ‘‘Nanu tayā parahitāya paṭipannena sakkaccaṃ paññāpārisuddhiyā āyogo karaṇīyo’’ti bodhisattena attā ovaditabbo. Paññānubhāvena hi mahāsatto caturadhiṭṭhānādhiṭṭhito catūhi saṅgahavatthūhi lokaṃ anuggaṇhanto satte niyyānamagge avatāreti, indriyāni ca nesaṃ paripāceti. Tathā paññābalena khandhāyatanādīsu pavicayabahulo pavattinivattiyo yāthāvato parijānanto dānādayo guṇavisese nibbedhabhāgiyabhāvaṃ nayanto bodhisattasikkhāya paripūrakārī hotīti evamādinā anekākāravokāre paññāguṇe vavatthapetvā paññāpāramī anubrūhetabbā.

Tathā dissamānapārānipi lokiyāni kammāni nihīnavīriyena pāpuṇitumasakkuṇeyyāni, agaṇitakhedena pana āraddhavīriyena duradhigamaṃ nāma natthi. Nihīnavīriyo hi ‘‘saṃsāramahoghato sabbasatte santāressāmī’’ti ārabhitumeva na sakkuṇoti. Majjhimo pana ārabhitvāna antarāvosānamāpajjati. Ukkaṭṭhavīriyo pana attasukhanirapekkho ārabhitvā pāramadhigacchatīti vīriyasampatti paccavekkhitabbā.

Apica ‘‘yassa attano eva saṃsārapaṅkato samuddharaṇatthamārambho, tassāpi vīriyassa sithilabhāvena manorathānaṃ matthakappatti na sakkā sambhāvetuṃ, pageva sadevakassa lokassa samuddharaṇatthaṃ katābhinīhārenā’’ti ca ‘‘rāgādīnaṃ dosagaṇānaṃ mattamahānāgānamiva dunnivāraṇabhāvato, tannidānānañca kammasamādānānaṃ ukkhittāsikavadhakasadisabhāvato, tannimittānañca duggatīnaṃ sabbadā vivaṭamukhabhāvato, tattha niyojakānañca pāpamittānaṃ sadā sannihitabhāvato, tadovādakāritāya ca vasalassa puthujjanabhāvassa sati sambhave yuttaṃ sayameva saṃsāradukkhato nissaritu’’nti ca ‘‘micchāvitakkā vīriyānubhāvena dūrī bhavantī’’ti ca ‘‘yadi pana sambodhiṃ attādhīnena vīriyena sakkā samadhigantuṃ, kimettha dukkara’’nti ca evamādinā nayena vīriyaguṇā paccavekkhitabbā.

Tathā ‘‘khanti nāmāyaṃ niravasesaguṇapaṭipakkhassa kodhassa vidhamanato guṇasampādane sādhūnaṃ appaṭihatamāyudhaṃ, parābhibhavane samatthānamalaṅkāro, samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ balasampadā, kodhaggivinayanā udakadhārā, kalyāṇakittisaddassa sañjātideso, pāpapuggalānaṃ vacīvisavūpasamakaro mantāgado, saṃvare ṭhitānaṃ paramā dhīrapakati, gambhīrāsayatāya sāgaro, dosamahāsāgarassa velā, apāyadvārassa pidhānakavāṭaṃ devabrahmalokānaṃ ārohaṇasopānaṃ, sabbaguṇānamadhivāsabhūmi, uttamā kāyavacīmanovisuddhī’’ti manasi kātabbaṃ. Apica ‘‘ete sattā khantisampattiyā abhāvato idhaloke tapanti, paraloke ca tapanīyadhammānuyogato’’ti ca ‘‘yadipi parāpakāranimittaṃ dukkhaṃ uppajjati, tassa pana dukkhassa khettabhūto attabhāvo, bījabhūtañca kammaṃ mayāva abhisaṅkhata’’nti ca ‘‘tassa ca dukkhassa āṇaṇyakaraṇameta’’nti ca ‘‘apakārake asati kathaṃ mayhaṃ khantisampadā sambhavatī’’ti ca ‘‘yadipāyaṃ etarahi apakārako, ayaṃ nāma pubbe anena mayhaṃ upakāro kato’’ti ca ‘‘apakāro eva vā khantinimittatāya upakāro’’ti ca ‘‘sabbepime sattā mayhaṃ puttasadisā, puttakatāparādhesu ca ko kujjhissatī’’ti ca ‘‘yena kodhabhūtāvesena ayaṃ mayhaṃ aparajjhati, svāyaṃ kodhabhūtāveso mayā vinetabbo’’ti ca ‘‘yena apakārena idaṃ mayhaṃ dukkhaṃ uppannaṃ, tassa ahampi nimitta’’nti ca ‘‘yehi dhammehi apakāro kato, yattha ca kato, sabbepi te tasmiṃyeva khaṇe niruddhā, kassidāni kena kopo kātabbo’’ti ca ‘‘anattatāya sabbadhammānaṃ ko kassa aparajjhatī’’ti ca paccavekkhantena khantisampadā brūhetabbā.

Yadi panassa dīgharattaṃ paricayena parāpakāranimittako kodho cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭheyya, tena iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ ‘‘khanti nāmesā parāpakārassa paṭipakkhapaṭipattīnaṃ paccupakārakāraṇa’’nti ca ‘‘apakāro ca mayhaṃ dukkhuppādanena dukkhupanisāya saddhāya, sabbaloke anabhiratisaññāya ca paccayo’’ti ca ‘‘indriyapakatiresā, yadidaṃ iṭṭhāniṭṭhavisayasamāyogo, tattha aniṭṭhavisayasamāyogo mayhaṃ na siyāti taṃ kutettha labbhā’’ti ca ‘‘kodhavasiko satto kodhena ummatto vikkhittacitto, tattha kiṃ paccapakārenā’’ti ca ‘‘sabbepime sattā sammāsambuddhena orasaputtā viya paripālitā, tasmā na tattha mayā cittakopo kātabbo’’ti ca ‘‘aparādhake ca sati guṇe guṇavati mayā kopo na kātabbo’’ti ca ‘‘asati guṇe kassacipi guṇassābhāvato visesena karuṇāyitabbo’’ti ca ‘‘kopena mayhaṃ guṇayasā nihīyantī’’ti ca ‘‘kujjhanena mayhaṃ dubbaṇṇadukkhaseyyādayo sapattakantā āgacchantī’’ti ca ‘‘kodho ca nāmāyaṃ sabbadukkhāhitakārako sabbasukhahitavināsako balavā paccatthiko’’ti ca ‘‘sati ca khantiyā na koci paccatthiko’’ti ca ‘‘aparādhakena aparādhanimittaṃ yaṃ dukkhaṃ āyatiṃ laddhabbaṃ, sati ca khantiyā mayhaṃ tadabhāvo’’ti ca ‘‘cintentena, kujjhantena ca mayā paccatthikoyeva anuvattito’’ti ca ‘‘kodhe ca mayā khantiyā abhibhūte tassa dāsabhūto paccatthiko sammadeva abhibhūto’’ti ca ‘‘kodhanimittaṃ khantiguṇapariccāgo mayhaṃ na yutto’’ti ca ‘‘sati ca kodhe guṇavirodhapaccanīkadhamme kathaṃ me sīlādidhammā pāripūriṃ gaccheyyuṃ, asati ca tesu kathāhaṃ sattānaṃ upakārabahulo paṭiññānurūpaṃ uttamaṃ sampattiṃ pāpuṇissāmī’’ti ca ‘‘khantiyā ca sati bahiddhā vikkhepābhāvato samāhitassa sabbe saṅkhārā aniccato dukkhato sabbe dhammā anattato nibbānaṃ asaṅkhatāmatasantapaṇītatādibhāvato nijjhānaṃ khamanti, ‘buddhadhammā ca acinteyyāparimeyyappabhavā’ti’’, tato ca ‘‘anulomikakhantiyaṃ ṭhito ‘kevalā ime attattaniyabhāvarahitā dhammamattā yathāsakaṃ paccayehi uppajjanti vinassanti, na kutoci āgacchanti, na kuhiñci gacchanti, na ca katthaci patiṭṭhitā, na cettha koci kassaci byāpāro’ti ahaṃkāramamaṃkārānadhiṭṭhānatā nijjhānaṃ khamati, yena bodhisatto bodhiyā niyato anāvattidhammo hotī’’ti evamādinā khantipāramiyā paccavekkhaṇā veditabbā.

Tathā ‘‘saccena vinā sīlādīnamasambhavato, paṭiññānurūpapaṭipattiyā abhāvato, saccadhammātikkame ca sabbapāpadhammānaṃ samosaraṇabhāvato, asaccasandhassa appaccayikabhāvato, āyatiñca anādeyyavacanatāvahanato, sampannasaccassa sabbaguṇādhiṭṭhānabhāvato, saccādhiṭṭhānena sabbasambodhisambhārānaṃ pārisuddhipāripūrisamanvāyato, sabhāvadhammāvisaṃvādanena sabbabodhisambhārakiccakaraṇato, bodhisattapaṭipattiyā ca parinipphattito’’tiādinā saccapāramiyā sampattiyo paccavekkhitabbā.

Tathā ‘‘dānādīsu daḷhasamādānaṃ, tappaṭipakkhasannipāte ca nesaṃ acalādhiṭṭhānaṃ, tattha ca dhīravīrabhāvaṃ vinā na dānādisambhārā sambodhinimittā sambhavantī’’tiādinā adhiṭṭhānaguṇā paccavekkhitabbā.