1. Mahākhandhakavaṇṇanā
Bodhikathāvaṇṇanā
Yaṃ khandhake līnapadādibheda-pakāsanaṃ dāni supattakālaṃ;
Tasmā apubbaṃ vinayatthameva, vakkhāmi saṅkhepagahaṇatthaṃ.
Tattha kenaṭṭhenāyaṃ khandhakoti? Khandhānaṃ samūhattā vibhaṅgo viya. Te pana kathanti? Khandhānaṃ pakāsanato dīpanato. Khandhāti cettha pabbajjādivinayakammasaṅkhātā, cārittavārittasikkhāpadasaṅkhātā ca paññattiyo adhippetā. Pabbajjādīni hi bhagavatā paññattattā ‘‘paññattiyo’’ti vuccanti. Paññattiyañca khandha-saddo dissati ‘‘dārukkhandho aggikkhandho udakakkhandho’’tiādīsu viya. Tesaṃ paññattisaṅkhātānaṃ khandhānaṃ pakāsanato vaṇṇanato pabbajjakkhandhakādayo vīsati ‘‘khandhakā’’ti vuttā, avasāne dve taṃsadisattā velāya sadisattā sīlassa velāti vacanaṃ viya. Apica bhāgarāsatthatāpettha yujjate tesaṃ paññattīnaṃ bhāgato ca rāsito ca vibhattattā. Kiṃ panetesaṃ khandhakānaṃ anupubbakāraṇanti? Nāyaṃ pucchā sambhavati, aññathā vuttesupi tappasaṅgānatikkamanato. Atha vā pabbajjupasampadāpubbaṅgamattā sāsanappavesanassa tadatthasaṅgahako mahākhandhako paṭhamaṃ vutto. Kenāti ce? Dhammasaṅgāhakattherehi. Bhagavatā pana tattha tattha uppannavatthuṃ paṭicca tathā tathā vuttāni, na iminā anukkamena. Therā pana taṃ taṃ payojanaṃ paṭicca samānajātike ekajjhaṃ katvā anukkamena sajjhāyiṃsu. Sesānaṃ payojanaṃ tattha tattheva āvi bhavissati.
Khandhakovidāti paññattibhāgarāsaṭṭhena nesaṃ khandhatthakovidā, niruttipaṭisambhidāpārappattāti attho. Tesaṃ anuttānatthānaṃ padānaṃ saṃvaṇṇanā. Kasmā panevaṃ visesitanti? Tato sesabhāgā yuttā. Mātikāṭṭhuppattiggahaṇampettha padabhājaniyaggahaṇeneva veditabbaṃ. Yehi atthā yesaṃ padavisesānaṃ aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pakāsitā, tesaṃ te padavisese puna idha vadeyyāma, vaṇṇanāya pariyosānaṃ kadā bhave te te attheti vuttaṃ, taṃ tassa niddesena yujjati. Uttānā ceva yā pāḷi, tassā saṃvaṇṇanāya kinti vattabbaṃ? Na hi atthā uttānāti sambhavati. Adhippāyānusandhīhītiādivacanehipi taṃ vacanaṃ sambhavatīti ce? Na, atthaggahaṇena cettha padavisesānaṃ gahitattā. Te hi atthato anapetatthena, abhidhānatthena vā atthopacārena vā atthāti veditabbā. Saṃvaṇṇanānayoti saṃvaṇṇanā nāma avuttesu uhāpohakkamanidassanato ‘‘nayo’’ti vutto.
1. Uruvelāti yathāvuttavālikarāsivasena laddhanāmako gāmo, tasmā samīpatthe etaṃ bhummaṃ. Tathābhāvadassanatthaṃ ‘‘najjā nerañjarāya tīre’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Aññathā tasmiṃ vālikarāsimhi viharatīti āpajjati, ‘‘uruvelaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisīti yena uruvelasenānigamo’’tiādivacanavirodho ca. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana mūlakāraṇameva dassitaṃ. Tattha taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ…pe… daṭṭhabboti nigamanavacanaṃ. Taṃ kimatthanti ce? Gāmaṃ sandhāya yathāvuttapadatthasambhavadassanatthaṃ. ‘‘So pana gāmo tadupacārena evaṃ nāmaṃ labhatī’’ti vacanaṃ pana avuttasiddhanti katvā na vuttanti veditabbaṃ, atha vā yassa ‘‘uruvelā’’ti yathāvuttavālikarāsissa, tassa samīpagāmassapi nāmaṃ. Tattha āyasmā upālitthero na idha gāmaṃ sandhāya ‘‘uruvelāyaṃ viharatī’’ti āha gocaragāmapayojanābhāvato. Na hi bhagavā taṃ gāmaṃ gocaraṃ katvā tadā tattha vihāsi, tasmā ettha vālikarāsissa samīpe bodhirukkhamūle vihāraṃ sandhāya so evamāhāti dassetukāmo aṭṭhakathācariyo evamāhāti veditabbaṃ, tasmā bhagavato gāmato dūratare araññe abhisambodhidīpanena dutiyuppattiṭṭhānaniyamaṃ tīhi padehi akāsi theroti veditabbaṃ, aññathā padattayavacanapayojanābhāvato. Tattha nadantā gacchatīti nadī. Nelañjalāyāti vattabbe la-kārassa ra-kāraṃ katvā ‘‘nerañjarāyā’’ti vuttaṃ, kaddamasevālavirahitattā niddosajalāyāti attho, nīlajalāyāti tassā nāmameva vā etaṃ.
Bodhirukkhamūleti ettha ca bodhi vuccati abhisambodho. So ca atthato bhagavato catutthamaggañāṇaṃ hoti ‘‘vimokkhantikametaṃ nāma’’nti (paṭi. ma. 1.162) paṭisambhidāvacanato. Kiñcāpi taṃ nāmakaraṇabhūtaṃ catutthaphalañāṇampi vattuṃ sambhavati, kattabbakiccānaṃ pana karaṇato taṃ catutthamaggañāṇameva ettha bodhīti veditabbaṃ. Teneva pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘tatiyavijjāya āsavānaṃ khayañāṇāyā’’ti tadeva dassitaṃ. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana ‘‘bojjhaṅgā’’ti, ‘‘bodhipakkhiyā dhammā’’ti ca. Tattha yasmā catūsu maggesu ñāṇaṃ ‘‘bodhī’’ti vuccati, tasmā sāmaññato vattukāmatādhippāyavasena ‘‘bodhi vuccati catūsu maggesu ñāṇa’’nti (cūḷani. khaggavisāṇasuttaniddesa 121) vuttaṃ idhādhippetañāṇassapi tadantogadhattā. Atha vā pāḷiyaṃ bhagavato ādimaggattayavacanassa vuttaṭṭhānābhāvā catutthamaggañāṇameva bhagavato uppannaṃ, na bhagavā sotāpannādibhāvaṃ patvā buddho jātoti samayantarappasaṅganivāraṇatthaṃ ‘‘catūsū’’ti vuttaṃ ādittayassa catutthaupanissayasambhavena bodhipariyāyasiddhito. ‘‘Puggalopi senāsanampi upanissayapaccayena paccayo’’ti (paṭṭhā. 1.1.9 paccayaniddesa) vacanato phalahetuko phalajanako rukkho phalarukkhoti viya bodhiheturukkho bodhirukkhoti veditabbo. Ettha ‘‘yasmā kevalaṃ bodhīti rukkhassapi nāmaṃ, tasmā bodhī’’ti parato vuttaṃ. Nigrodhādirukkhato assa visesanavacanaṃ pana tadaññabodhimūlappasaṅganivāraṇatthaṃ. Maggañāṇañhi kusalamūlattā bodhi ca taṃ mūlañcāti saṅkhyaṃ labheyya. Paṭhamābhisambuddho nisīdatīti sambandho. Tena abhisambuddhadivasena saddhiṃ aṭṭhāhaṃ ekapallaṅkena nisinnabhāvaṃ dasseti. Ettha eka-saddo tassa nisajjāsaṅkhātassa pabbajjānuyogānurūpassa pallaṅkassa aññena iriyāpathena anantariyabhāvaṃ athassa akopitabhāvaṃ dasseti. Vimuttisukhanti ettha vimuttiyaṃ vā sukhanti na sambhavati. Pañcamajjhānikattā bhagavato phalasamāpattisaṅkhātā vimutti eva anujaṅghanaṭṭhena nibbānasukhanti vimuttisukhaṃ, taṃ samāpajjanena paṭisaṃvedī anubhavanto nisīdi. Veneyyakālānatikkamanato taṃ apekkhamāno nisīdi, na vimuttisukhasaṅgena.
Atha khoti adhikārantarārambhe nipātadvayaṃ. Tena vimuttisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedayamāno na paṭiccasamuppādaṃ manasākāsi, kintu tato vuṭṭhāyāti dasseti. Paṭivedhavaseneva sumanasikatassa paṭiccasamuppādassa punappunaṃ manasikaraṇaṃ gambhīrattā assādajananato, na apubbanayadassanādhippāyato. Paccakkhabhūtasabbadhammattā bhagavato asammohato, paṭividdhassa visayato vā manasikaraṇaṃ pana vijitadesapaccavekkhaṇaṃ viya rañño apubbaṃ pītiṃ janeti. Vuttañhi ‘‘amānusī ratī hoti, sammā dhammaṃ vipassato’’ti (dha. pa. 373). Rattiyā paṭhamaṃ yāmanti accantasaṃyogavasena upayogavacanaṃ, tena tassa vikappanānattataṃ dasseti. Kiñcāpi ‘‘anulomapaṭilomaṃ manasākāsī’’ti ekatova vuttaṃ, tathāpi iminā anukkamenāti dassanatthaṃ ‘‘avijjāpaccayā’’tiādi. Tattha ca kiñcāpi pavattimattapaccavekkhaṇā adhippetā kathaṃ paññāyatīti? Paṭhamabhāvāya, paṭilomamanasikaraṇaṃ pana anulome paccayānaṃ, paccayuppannānañca tathābhāvasādhanatthaṃ. Yasmā avijjāya eva nirodhā saṅkhāranirodho, na aññathā, tasmā saṅkhārānaṃ avijjā paccayo, tassā ca saṅkhārā phalanti dīpanato. Tathā nibbānapaccavekkhaṇāya anulomamanasikaraṇaṃ kāraṇanirodhā phalanirodhasādhanatthaṃ. Ettha ca anubhāvato nibbānaṃ dassitaṃ. Na hi taṃ avijjādinirodhamattanti. Tattha ‘‘yato khayaṃ paccayānaṃ avedī’’ti vacanena anulomo nādhippetoti siddhaṃ. Maggapaccavekkhaṇāya vattabbaṃ natthi, ubhayatthapi kiccato, ārammaṇato ca tassa maggassa visayato ca tattha maggo dassito.
Tatthāha – ‘‘paṭiccasamuppādaṃ paṭilomaṃ manasākāsī’’ti na yujjati, na hi paṭilomāpadesena niddiṭṭhaṃ nibbānaṃ paṭiccasamuppādo bhavitumarahatīti? Vuccate – na, tadatthajānanato. Anulomapaṭilomanti hi bhāvanapuṃsakaṃ. Anulomato, paṭilomato ca taṃ paṭiccasamuppādaṃ manasākāsīti hi tattha attho. Aññathā nirodhassa paṭilomappasaṅgāpattiyevāpajjati. Paṭilome ca panetasmiṃ anukkamaniyamo anulome anukkamaniyamato siddhoti veditabbaṃ. Evaṃ sati paṭiccasamuppādassa paṭilomo nāma apaṭiccasamuppādoti siddhaṃ hoti. Tena vuttaṃ aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘nirodho hotīti anuppādo hotī’’tiādi. Evaṃ sante pubbāparavirodho hoti. Kathaṃ? Paṭiccāti hi iminā phalassa paccayapariggahena, paccayānañca paccayāyattupagamanena tassa uppādābhimukhabhāvadīpanato asamuppādo na sambhavati, tasmā apaṭiccasamuppādoti evaṃ ubhayapaṭikkhepena panassa paṭilomatā veditabbāti eke. Taṃ ayuttaṃ tassa anulomabhāvaniyamanato, atthātisayābhāvato, tasmā appaṭiccasamuppādo tassa paṭilomoti veditabbaṃ. Teneva bhagavatā pāḷiyaṃ paccayapaccayuppannanirodho vutto. Tattha hi ‘‘avijjāya tveva asesavirāganirodhā’’ti evaṃ paccayassa samucchinnapaccayabhāvavasena paccayanirodhaṃ, phalassa paccayapaṭiggahābhāvavasena paccayuppannanirodhañca dīpeti. Duvidho pāḷiyaṃ nirodho atthato anuppādo nāma hotīti katvā aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘nirodho hotīti anuppādo hotī’’ti vuttaṃ. Evaṃ sante nibbānaṃ paccayapaccayuppannānaṃ nirodhamattanti āpajjatīti ce? Na, tassānubhāvadīpanādhippāyato. Viditavelāyanti manasikatavelāyanti attho, aññathā tato pubbe aviditappasaṅgato.
Jhāyatoti ettha kāmaṃ lakkhaṇūpanijjhānena jhāyato bodhipakkhiyadhammā pātubhavanti, catuariyasaccadhammā vā pakāsanti, tathāpi pubbabhāge samathādiyānikavibhāgadassanatthaṃ ārammaṇūpanijjhānaggahaṇaṃ. Catusaccadhammaggahaṇaṃ kāmaṃ anulomapaṭiccasamuppādadassanādhikārena virujjhati, tathāpi ‘‘yo dukkhaṃ parijānāti, so samudayaṃ pajahatī’’ti laddhivasena katanti veditabbaṃ.
2. ‘‘Paccayakkhayassā’’ti kiccapariyāyavasena vuttaṃ. Tena paccayanibbānaṃ, tadupanissayanibbānañcāti duvidhaṃ nibbānaṃ dassitaṃ hotīti. Kāmañca taṃ na kevalaṃ paccayakkhayamattaṃ karoti, atha kho paccayuppannakkhayampi karoti. Yato ubhinnampi nirodho dassito, tathāpi hetunirodhā phalanirodhoti katvā ‘‘paccayakkhayassā’’ti vuttaṃ. Vuttappakārā dhammāti ettha catusaccaggahaṇaṃ paṭhamagāthāyaṃ vuttanayavipallāsena katanti veditabbaṃ.
3. Samudayanirodhasaṅkhāto atthoti ettha samudayo kiccavasena, nirodho ārammaṇakiriyāya. Etena dvippakārā nirodhā dassitā honti tassa anubhāvassa vasenāti attho. Yasmā pallaṅkābhujitaṭṭhānañca ‘‘pallaṅko’’ti vuccati, tasmā phalādhigamaṭṭhānaṃ ‘‘pallaṅka’’nti vuttaṃ.
Ajapālakathāvaṇṇanā
4. Sammodīti hitakāmatāya bhagavā tena brāhmaṇena saddhiṃ sammodi. Vedehi antanti ettha nibbānaṃ anto nāma. Vedānaṃ vā antaṃ gatattāti ettha arahattaṃ. Tattha paṭhamena vedantagū yasmā, tasmā eva vusitabrahmacariyo. Dutiyena vedantagū yasmā, tasmā vusitabrahmacariyoti evaṃ yojanā kātabbā. Kiñcāpi brāhmaṇassa catusaccayuttaṃ atthato vuttaṃ, udānagāthāyaṃ vuttapaṭivedhābhāvaṃ sandhāya ‘‘dhammacakkappavattana’’nti vuccatīti parihāro.
Ajapālakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Mucalindakathāvaṇṇanā
5. Mucalindavatthumhi etamatthanti idāni vattabbamatthaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Taṃ vivekanti upadhivivekaṃ. ‘‘Abyāpajjaṃ sukhaṃ loke’’ti iminā paṭhamamaggaṃ dasseti tena sattesu māraṇavasena uppajjanakabyāpādappahānasiddhito. ‘‘Pāṇabhūtesu saṃyamo’’ti iminā dutiyamaggaṃ dasseti. Maggī hi puggalo avasiṭṭhabyāpādatanuttavasena pāṇabhūtesu saṃyato hoti vihiṃsādhippāyābhāvato. Evaṃ cattāro hi maggā anukkamenāpi gahitā honti.
Mucalindakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Rājāyatanakathāvaṇṇanā
6. Rājāyatanaṃ pātali. ‘‘Catuddisā āgantvā’’ti pāṭhaseso. Mukhavaṭṭiyaṃ kirassa dinnānaṃ catunnampi lekhāparicchedo atthi, te vāṇijā devatāya gāravadassanena bhagavato rūpakāyadassanena pasannattā saraṇaṃ aggahesuṃ. Devatāya ‘‘bhagavā rājāyatanamūle paṭhamābhisambuddho’’ti vacanaṃ sutvā sāvakasaṅghābhāvaṃ, abhisambuddhadhammasabbhāvañca jāniṃsūti veditabbaṃ. Jānantīti buddhāti sambandho.
Rājāyatanakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Brahmayācanakathāvaṇṇanā
7. Adhigato kho myāyantiādimhi dhammoti catusaccadhammo, gambhīrattā duddaso. Duddasattā duranubodho. Santoti nibbuto. Paṇītoti atappako. Idaṃ dvayaṃ lokuttarameva sandhāya vuttaṃ. Atakkāvacaroti takkena ākāraparivitakkena ogāhitabbo na hoti, ñāṇeneva avacaritabboti attho. Paṇḍitavedanīyoti sammāpaṭipadaṃ paṭipannehi paṇḍitehi vedanīyo. Sabbasaṅkhārasamathotiādi sabbaṃ nibbānameva. Tañhi phalūpacārena ekampi samānaṃ tathā tathā vuccati. Rāmāti pajā. Anu anu acchariyā anacchariyā. Tesaṃ bhagavato pubbabhāgapaṭipadaṃ sutapubbānaṃ, dhammassa vā gambhīrabhāvaṃ adhigatapubbānaṃ. Kiñcāpi bhagavato cattāropi maggā sukhappaṭipadā, tathāpi bodhisattapaṭipadaṃ sandhāya ‘‘kicchena me’’ti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Pakāsitaṃ pakāsitu’’nti ubhayathāpi pāṭho. Paretehi yuttehi. Rāgarattāti kāmarāgadiṭṭhirāgehi rattā. Attaniccādigāhakā na dakkhanti na passissanti.
8. Sahaṃpati kira ‘‘nassati vata bho loko’’ti imaṃ saddaṃ tathā nicchāreti, yathā dasasahassilokadhātubrahmāno sutvā sannipatiṃsu. Paññāmaye akkhimhi santānānusayitavasena appaṃ parittaṃ rāgādirajaṃ etesaṃ, evaṃsabhāvāti apparajakkhajātikā. Assavanatāti assavanatāya.
Samalehi satthārehi. Apāpuretanti vivara etaṃ. Amatassa dvāranti ariyamaggaṃ, catusaccadhammaṃ vā. Vijjattayacatumaggañāṇehi punappunaṃ buddhaṃ paṭividdhaṃ. Seleti silāmaye. Vigatarajattā sukhadassanayogge ito ca etto ca āgantvā yathā ṭhito cakkhumā puriso samantato janataṃ passeyya. Tvampi sumedha sundarapañña sabbaññutaññāṇādhigamāya samantacakkhu. Sabbakilesasaṅgāmānaṃ vijitattā vijitasaṅgāma. Jātikantārādinittharaṇatthaṃ veneyyajanasatthavāhanasamatthatāya satthavāha. Kāmacchandaiṇassa abhāvato aṇaṇa.
9. Buddhacakkhunā indriyaparopariyattañāṇena ca āsayānusayañāṇena ca. Imesañhi dvinnaṃ ñāṇānaṃ ‘‘buddhacakkhū’’ti nāmaṃ. Uppaliniyanti uppalavane. Evaṃ sesesupi. Anto nimuggaposīnīti yāni anto nimuggāneva posiyanti, tattha yāni udakaṃ accuggamma ṭhitāni, tāni sūriyaraṃsisamphassaṃ āgamayamānāni ṭhitāni ajja pupphanakāni. Yāni samodakaṃ ṭhitāni, tāni sve pupphanakāni. Yāni udakānuggatāni, tāni tatiyadivase pupphanakāni. Udakā pana anuggatāni aññānipi sarogauppalādīni nāma honti. Yāni neva pupphissanti macchakacchapabhakkhāneva bhavissanti, tāni pāḷināruḷhāni, āharitvā pana dīpetabbāni. Etehi ugghaṭitaññū vipañcitaññū neyyo padaparamoti cattāro puggalā yojetabbā. Paccabhāsīti pati abhāsi.
Apārutāti vivaṭā. Pacchimassa padadvayassa ayamattho. Ahañhi attano paguṇaṃ suppavattampi imaṃ paṇītaṃ uttamaṃ dhammaṃ kāyavācākilamathasaññī hutvā nābhāsi.
Brahmayācanakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Pañcavaggiyakathāvaṇṇanā
10. Idāni pana sabbo jano saddhābhājanaṃ upanetu, pūressāmi nesaṃ saṅkappanti. Apparajakkhajātikoti samāpattiyā vikkhambhitakilesattā nikkilesajātiko. Ājānissatīti ce na niṭṭhānamakaṃsu dhammasaṅgāhakā te vinayakkamaññā, ahaṃ deseyyaṃ paṭivijjhissatīti adhippāyo, ‘‘muddhāpi tassa vipateyyā’’ti (a. ni. 8.11; pārā. 2) ettha viya abhūtaparikappo kireso. Loke tassa adhimuttabhāvadīpanatthañhi idaṃ vacanaṃ attano tadupadesena aviditabhāvadīpanatthaṃ. Tassa anantevāsikabhāvadīpanatthanti evamādīni panettha payojanāni. Bhagavatopi kho ñāṇanti sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ tassa maraṇārammaṇaṃ uppajji. Tena tato pubbe tassa sati dhammadesanāya khippaṃ jānanabhāvārammaṇanti dīpeti. Paropadesato ajānitvā paccakkhato maraṇasacchikiriyampi dasseti. Buddhānampi anekañāṇasamodhānābhāvato suvuttametaṃ. Cittapubbikā hi cittappavatti, aññathā navasattapātubhāvappasaṅgo. Sabbadhammānaṃ ekato gahaṇe viruddhakālānaṃ ekato jānanappasaṅgo. Tato ekañāṇassa vitathabhāvappattidoso, tasmā sabbassa vinānekañāṇasamodhānaṃ āpajjitadhammesu appaṭihatañāṇavantattā pana sabbaññū eva bhagavāti veditabbaṃ, na sabbakālaṃ ekato. Āḷārādīnaṃ maraṇājānanatoti ce? Na, tassa jānanena puthujjanassāpi sabbaññutāpattippasaṅgato. Yadābhāvena yadābhāvo tabbhāvena tassābhāvappasaṅgo loke siddhoti. ‘‘Bhagavatopi kho ñāṇaṃ udapādī’’ti vacanato tassa maraṇajānanaṃ siddhanti katvā bhavaṃ mateneva bhagavā sabbaññūti siddhaṃ na devatārocanato pubbe ajānanatoti ce? Na, visesaṃ pariggahetvā antarā pajānanato, devatāya sabbaññubhāvappattidosato ca. Na hi so kassaci vacanena aññāsīti.
Apica kimidaṃ tattha jānanaṃ nāma tadārammaṇañāṇuppattīti ce? Na, loke sabbaññuno accantābhāvappasaṅgato. Sādhikā hi mayā ekañāṇakkhaṇe sabbaṃ ñāṇaṃ, tadaññesañca tadaññāṇānuppatti. Apica sabbaññuno sabbadhammavisaye ñāṇapaccupaṭṭhānasiddhi tassa ñāṇassa attanāva attano avisayoti ce? Na, hetunidassanānuppattito. Apica ‘‘bhagavatopi kho ñāṇaṃ udapādī’’ti ettha visesavacanaṃ atthi. Yena devatārocanuttarakālameva bhagavato ñāṇaṃ udapādīti paññāyati. Na hi vacanapubbāpariyabhāvamattena tadatthapubbāpariyatā hoti, tasmā ayuttametaṃ. Abhidosakālaṃkatoti paṭhamayāme kālaṃkato. ‘‘Majjhimayāme’’tipi vadanti. Ubhayatthapi mahājāniyo. Sattadivasabbhantare, ekadivasabbhantare ca pattabbamaggaphalato parihīnattā mahatī jāni assāti mahājāni. Tesu hi dvīsu āḷāro ākiñcaññāyatanabhave nibbatto, udako bhavagge, tasmā nesaṃ dhammadesanāya akkhaṇe nibbattabhāvaṃ sandhāya bhagavā evaṃ cintesi, na ito manussalokato cutibhāvaṃ sandhāyāti veditabbaṃ. Abuddhaveneyyatañca sandhāyāti no takko, aññathā aniṭṭhappasaṅgoti ācariyo.
Bodhisattassa jātakāle supinapaṭiggāhakā ceva lakkhaṇapariggāhakā ca aṭṭha brāhmaṇā. Tesu tayo dvidhā byākariṃsu ‘‘imehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgato agāraṃ ajjhāvasanto rājā hoti cakkavatti, pabbajanto buddho’’ti. Pañca brāhmaṇā ‘‘agāre na tiṭṭhati, buddhova hotī’’ti ekaṃsabyākaraṇāva ahesuṃ. Tesu purimā tayo yathāmantapāraṃ gatā. Ime pana mantapāraṃ atikkamantā attanā laddhaṃ puññamahattaṃ vissajjetvā bodhisattaṃ uddissa puretarameva pabbajiṃsu. Ime sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘pañcavaggiyā’’ti. ‘‘Tesaṃ puttā’’tipi vadanti, taṃ aṭṭhakathāyaṃ paṭikkhittaṃ. Kasmā panettha bhagavā ‘‘bahūpakārā kho me’’ti cintesi. Kiṃ upakārakānaṃ eva esa dhammaṃ deseti, itaresaṃ na desetīti? No na deseti. Upakārānussaraṇamattakeneva vuttanti aṭṭhakathānayo. Attano kataññukatavedibhāvappakāsanatthaṃ, kataññutādipasaṃsanatthaṃ, paresañca kataññubhāvādiniyojanatthaṃ, khippajānanappasaṅganivāraṇatthaṃ.
11. Antarā ca gayaṃ antarā ca bodhinti gayāya ca bodhiyā ca majjhe tigāvutantare ṭhāne. Bodhimaṇḍato hi gayā tīṇi gāvutāni. Bārāṇasinagaraṃ aṭṭhārasa yojanāni. Upako pana bodhimaṇḍassa ca gayāya ca antare bhagavantaṃ addasa. Antarā-saddena pana yuttattā upayogavacanaṃ kataṃ. Īdisesu ca ṭhānesu akkharacintakā ekameva antarāsaddaṃ payujjanti, so dutiyapadepi yojetabbo. Ayojiyamāne pana upayogavacanaṃ na pāpuṇāti. Idha pana yojetvāva vuttoti.
Sabbābhibhūti sabbaṃ tebhūmakadhammaṃ abhibhavitvā ṭhito. Taṇhakkhayeti nibbāne. Vimuttoti ārammaṇato vimutto. Natthi me paṭipuggaloti mayhaṃ paṭipuggalo nāma natthi, asadisoti attho, mama sabbaññubhāve dosaṃ dassetvā loke ṭhātuṃ asamatthatāya mama paccatthikapuggalo vā natthīti attho. Āhañchaṃ amatadundubhinti dhammacakkhupaṭilābhāya amatabheriṃ paharissāmīti gacchāmi.
Arahasi anantajino bhavituṃ yutto tvanti attho. Idampi attano satthunāmaṃ. Hupeyyāsīti āvuso evampi nāma bhaveyya. Pakkāmīti vaṅkahārajanapadaṃ nāma agamāsi. Bhagavāpi ‘‘tattha tassa migaluddakassa dhītuyā cāpāya ukkaṇṭhitvā puna āgantvā anāgāmī ayaṃ bhavissatī’’ti upanissayasampattiṃ disvā tena saddhiṃ ālapi. So ca tathevāgantvā pabbajitvā anāgāmī hutvā anukkamena kālaṃ katvā avihesu uppajjitvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.
12. Saṇṭhapesunti katikaṃ akaṃsu. Padhānavibbhantoti padhānato bhaṭṭho parihīno. ‘‘Abhijānātha nu bhāsitameta’’nti, ‘‘vācaṃ bhāsitameva’’nti ca evarūpaṃ kañci vacanabhedaṃ akāsīti adhippāyo. Bhagavantaṃ sussūsiṃsūti bhagavato vacanaṃ sotukāmā ahesuṃ. Aññāti aññāya, jānitunti attho.
13. Atha kimatthaṃ āmantesīti? Tatopi suṭṭhutaraṃ paṭijānanatthaṃ, dhammassa abhibhāriyadullabhabhāvadīpanatthaṃ, akkharavikkhepanivāraṇatthañca. Tattha dvemeti antadvayavacanaṃ aññesampi tadantogadhabhāvato. Apica yojanāvasena. Taṇhāavijjāti hi saṃsārappavattiyā sīsabhūtā dve kilesā. Te ca samathavipassanānaṃ paṭipakkhabhūtattā antā nāma. Tesu taṇhāvasena kāmasukhallikānuyogaṃ bhajanto samathaṃ parihāpeti bālo, tathā avijjāvasena attakilamathānuyogaṃ bhajanto gacchanto vipassananti na sakkā ubho dve ante appahāya amataṃ adhigantunti evaṃ vuttā. Apica līnuddhaccapahānadassanametaṃ. Līno hi nikkhittavīriyārambho kāmasukhañca bhajati, itaro accāraddhavīriyo attakilamathaṃ. Ubhopi te vīriyasamatāya paṭipakkhattā antā nāma. Apica tisso sāsane paṭipadā vuttā āgāḷhā, nijjhāmā, majjhimā ca. Tattha āgāḷhā ‘‘pāṇātipātī hoti, natthi kāmesu doso’’ti evamādikā. Nijjhāmā ‘‘acelako hoti, muttācāro’’ti evamādikā, majjhimā ‘‘ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo’’ti evamādikā. Tattha kāmasukhallikānuyogo āgāḷhā nāma paṭipadā hoti sabbākusalamūlattā. Attakilamathānuyogo nijjhāmā nāma attajjhāpanato. Ubhopete majjhimāya paṭipadāya paṭipakkhabhūtattā antā nāma, tasmā imeva sandhāya dvemeti. Kimatthaṃ bhagavā ‘‘pabbajitena na sevitabbā’’ti pabbajite eva adhikaroti, na gahaṭṭheti? Pabbajitānaṃ tadadhimuttattā, sukhaparivajjanasamatthatāya, tadadhikatattā ca pabbajitā ettha adhikatā, na gahaṭṭhā. Yadi evaṃ kimatthaṃ kāmasukhallikānuyogamāha, nanu te pakatiyāpi kāmapariccāgaṃ katvā taṃ nissaraṇatthaṃ pabbajitāti? Na, tesaṃ antadvayanissitattā. Te hi idha loke kāmena visuddhimicchanti attakilamathānuyogamanuyuttā tasseva tapassa phalena pecca dibbe kāme āsīsamānā daḷhataraṃ kāmasukhallikānuyogamanuyuttāti veditabbā. Antattho pana idha kucchitaṭṭhena veditabbo ‘‘antamidaṃ, bhikkhave, jīvikānaṃ, yadidaṃ piṇḍolya’’ntiādīsu (itivu. 91; saṃ. ni. 3.80) viya.
Yo cāyaṃ kāmesu kāmasukhallikānuyogoti ettha kāmesūti vatthukāmo adhippeto, dutiyo kilesakāmo. Taṃsampayuttasukhamettha kāmasukhaṃ nāma. Tena vipākasukhassa niravajjabhāvaṃ dīpetīti. Allīyanaṃ nāma tadabhinandanā. Anuyogo nāma bhavantare tadanuyogapatthanā. Hānabhāgiyakarattā kusalapakkhassa, hīnapuggalabhāvitattā, hīnadhātupabhavattā ca lāmakaṭṭhena hīno. Gāmanivāsisattadhammattā gammo. Puthujjanasādhāraṇattā pothujjaniko. Anariyoti ariyānaṃ anadhippetattā, ariyadhammapaṭipakkhattā, anariyakarattā, anariyadhammattā, anariyāciṇṇattā ca veditabbo. Anatthasaṅkhātasaṃsārabhayāvahattā, anatthaphalanibbattakattā ca anatthasaṃhito. Attano kevalaṃ khedūpagamo attakilamatho nāma. So diṭṭhigatapubbakattatapānukkamakiriyāvisesaṃ nissāya pavattati, tassa diṭṭhivasena anuyogo attakilamathānuyogo nāma. Attaviyogavittāparissamattā, anupāyapavattattā sampajjamāno migayonigoyonikukkurayonisūkarayonīsu pātāyati. Vipaccamāno narakaṃ netīti anatthasaṃhito. Ete tvāti ete tu. Tathāgatenāti attānaṃ avitathāgamanaṃ āvi karoti, tenetaṃ dasseti ‘‘na mayā parivitakkitamattena vitakkitā, kintu mayā tathāgateneva satā abhisambodhiñāṇena abhisambuddho’’ti. Cakkhukaraṇītiādīhi pana tameva paṭipadaṃ thometi. Bhesajjaṃ āturassa viya ‘‘cakkhukaraṇī’’ti iminā ñāṇacakkhuvisodhanaṃ vuttaṃ. Ñāṇakaraṇīti iminā andhakāravidhamanaṃ vuttaṃ. Upasamāyāti kilesapariḷāhapaṭippassaddhi vuttā. Abhiññāyāti saccapaṭivedhanaṃ vuttaṃ. Sambodhāyāti saccapaṭivijjhanaṃ vuttaṃ. Nibbānāyāti sopādisesanibbānadhātuyā anupādisesanibbānadhātuyāti evaṃ yathāsambhavaṃ yojetvā kathetabbaṃ.
14. Kasmā panettha bhagavā aññattha viya anupubbiṃ kathaṃ akathetvā paṭhamameva asevitabbamantadvayaṃ vatvā majjhimapaṭipadaṃ desesīti? Attādimicchābhimānanivāraṇatthaṃ, kummaggapaṭipattinivāraṇatthañca antadvayavajjanaṃ vatvā attano visesādhigamadīpananayena abāhullikādibhāvadassanatthaṃ, tesañca majjhimapaṭipadādīpanena tattha anuyojanatthaṃ pacchā sammāpaṭipadaṃ desesi, tato tassa majjhimapaṭipadāsaṅkhātassa ariyamaggassa visayadassanatthaṃ catusaccadhammaṃ saṅkhepavitthāravasena desetukāmo ‘‘idaṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, dukkha’’ntiādimāha, ayamettha anusandhi. ‘‘Idaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccanti me, bhikkhave’’tiādi suttānusandhipakaāsanatthaṃ ayamanukkamo veditabbo. Yathāvuttaṃ paṭipadaṃ sutvā kira koṇḍañño āha ‘‘kathaṃ bhagavatā vuttapaṭipadāya uppatti siyā. Ayañhi paṭipadā kilesānaṃ anuppattiyā sati sambhavati, na aññathā. Kilesānañca yadi lobhato uppatti khuppipāsānaṃ viya, tadāsevanāya anuppatti siyā, tadavatthussa vā tesaṃ uppatti. Tadavatthuviparītakāyakilamathāsevanāya anuppatti siyā. Ubhopetā bhagavatā ‘antā’ti vuttā, tasmā kathaṃ panetissāya sammāpaṭipadāya uppatti sambhaveyyā’’ti. Bhagavā āha anupāyāsevanato. Kathanti ce? –
‘‘Saṃsāramūlato ñāṇaṃ, tañca ñāṇā pahiyyati;
Jīvite sati taṃ hoti, tañca jīvitasādhane.
‘‘Tasmā ñāṇāya medhāvī, rakkhe jīvitamattano;
Ñāṇasādhanabhūtañca, sīlañca paripālaye.
‘‘Jīvitañca yathā loke, bhinne kāye na vijjati;
Tatheva bhinnasīlassa, natthi ñāṇassa sambhavo.
‘‘Tasmā āyuñca sīlañca, ñāṇatthaṃ rakkhatā satā;
Sevitabbā na kāmāpi, nāpi kāyavināsanā.
‘‘Kāmesu gedhamupagamma hino gammañca,
Accuddhano kilamathaṃ gamupeti mūḷho;
Yo majjhimaṃ paṭipadaṃ paramaṃ upeti,
So khippameva labhate paramaṃ vimokkha’’nti.
Sutvā tadetaṃ sugatassa vākyaṃ,
Paññaṃ munī so sutajaṃ labhitvā;
Cintāmayaṃ ñāṇa pavesamāno,
Ucchindayaṃ pañhamimaṃ apucchi.
‘‘Nibbedhapadaṭṭhānaṃ pahāya ghoraṃ,
Tapaṃ kathamivāti so tvaṃ;
Brūhi tadeva hoti bhikkhu cara,
Virāgamupayāti ca dukkhasaccassa;
Dassaneneva dukkhānubhavanā,
Tamhi dosassa paccayo’’ti.
Sutvāva koṇḍañño munivacanaṃ,
Vuṭṭhāya haṭṭho sahasā avoca;
‘‘Udāhara tvaṃ bhagavā mametaṃ,
Bhikkhu yathā passati dukkhasacca’’nti.
Cintāmayissa paññāparipuṇṇā bhāvanāmayipaññāsampatti jānitabbā imehi iti bhagavā suttamidamāhāti kira. Kasmā bhagavā koṇḍaññassa purimameva saccadesanaṃ avaḍḍhetvā attano adhigatakkamamāhāti? Nāhaṃ kassaci āgamaṃ desemi, apica kho sayameva evamadhigatomhīti dassanatthaṃ. Tattha ‘‘pubbe ananussutesu dhammesū’’ti iminā idaṃ atthadvayaṃ dasseti, na mayā āḷārato, udakato vā ayaṃ dhammo suto, kintu pubbe ananussutesveva ñāṇaṃ me udapādīti majjhimāya paṭipadāya ānubhāvaṃ pakāseti. Apica yasmā evaṃ paṭipanno vināpi paropadesena ariyasaccāni passati, tasmā kathaṃ tumheva mamāpadesena na passathāti.
15. Cakkhuntiādīni pañca padāni ñāṇavevacanāneva. Ñāṇañhi saccānaṃ ālocanato cakkhubhūtatthajānanato ñāṇaṃ. Pakārehi jānanato paññā. Kilesavidāraṇato, vijjanato ca vijjā. Saccacchādakatamavināsanato, tesaṃ gatikoṭipakāsanato ālokoti veditabbaṃ. Tattha paṭhamena parivaṭṭena saccānaṃ aññamaññaṃ asaṅkarato ṭhapanapaññaṃ dasseti, dutiyena tesaṃ kattabbākāraparicchindanapaññaṃ, tatiyena saccesu ñāṇakiccasanniṭṭhānaṃ dasseti.
16. Yāvakīvañcāti dvīhi padehi yāvaicceva vuttaṃ hoti ‘‘iti cittamano’’tiādi viya. Rāgādīhi akuppatāya akuppā vimutti. Veyyākaraṇanti dhammadesanā. Sā hi dhammānaṃ byākaraṇato pakāsanato ‘‘veyyākaraṇa’’nti vuccati. Virajaṃ vītamalanti ettha virajaṃ visamahetuvādavigamato. Vītamalaṃ ahetukavādavigamato. Virajaṃ sassatadiṭṭhippahānato. Vītamalaṃ ucchedadiṭṭhippahānato. Virajaṃ pariyuṭṭhānappahānato. Vītamalaṃ anusayappahānato. Dhammacakkhunti dhammamattadassanaṃ, na tattha satto vā jīvo vā kārako vā vedako vāti, tenevāha ‘‘yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ, sabbantaṃ nirodhadhamma’’nti. Idañhi tassa dhammacakkhussa uppattiākāradassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Tañhi nirodhaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā kiccavasena eva saṅkhataṃ paṭivijjhantaṃ uppajjati.
17. Dhammacakkanti ettha desanāñāṇaṃ adhippetaṃ, paṭivedhañāṇañca labbhateva. Ettha kimatthaṃ devā saddamanussāvesunti? Nānādiṭṭhigatandhakāravidhamanato laddhālokattā, apāyabhayasamatikkamanato assāsaṃ pattattā, devakāyavimānadassanato pītipāmojjacalitattā cāti evamādīnettha kāraṇāni vadanti. Pathavikampanamahāsaddapātubhāvo ca dhammatāvaseneva hotīti eke. Devatānaṃ kīḷitukāmatāya pathavikampo. Bahuno devasaṅghassa sannipātato, bhagavato sarīrappabhājālavisajjanato cāti ekacce.
18. Pabbajjupasampadāvisesanti attho. Tattha iti-saddo tassa ehibhikkhūpasampadāpaṭilābhanimittavacanapariyosānadassano. Tadavasāno hi tassa bhikkhubhāvo. Svākkhātotiādi ‘‘ehī’’ti āmantanāya payojanadassanavacanaṃ. ‘‘Ehibhikkhū’’ti bhagavā avoca ‘‘svākkhāto dhammo cara…pe… kiriyāyā’’ti ca avocāti padasambandho. Tattha cara brahmacariyanti avasiṭṭhaṃ maggattayabrahmacariyaṃ samadhigaccha. Kimatthaṃ? Sammādukkhassantakiriyāyāti attho. ‘‘Ehibhikkhū’’ti iminā bhagavato vacanena nipphannattā kāraṇūpacārena ‘‘ehibhikkhūpasampadā’’ti vuttā. Sāva tassāyasmato yāvajīvaṃ upasampadā ahosīti attho. Tena tassā upasampadāya sikkhāpaccakkhātādinā vicchedā vā tadaññāya upasampadāya kiccaṃ vā natthīti idamatthadvayaṃ aṭṭhakathāyaṃ dasseti. Aṭṭhannampi upasampadānaṃ ehibhikkhuovādapaṭiggahaṇapañhabyākaraṇagarudhammapaṭiggahaṇūpasampadānaṃ catunnaṃ aññatarāya upasampannassa antarā vicchedo vā tadaññūpasampadāya kiccaṃ vā natthi, itarassatthīti. Nikāyantarikā panāhu ‘‘buddhapaccekabuddhānaṃ niyāmokkantisaṅkhātāya upasampadāya ñatticatutthakammupasampadañca dasavaggapañcavaggakaraṇīyavasena dvidhā bhinditvā dasavidhopasampadā’’ti. Kā panettha atthato upasampadā nāmāti? Tadadhigatakiriyāvasena nibbattiyā asekkhā tadadhivāsanacetanāya paribhāvitapañcakkhandhikā ajjhattasantati. Kā panettha paribhāvanā nāma? Tabbipakkhadhammajjhācāraviruddhabhāvo, tassa pattiyā tāya paribhāvanāya vasena katthaci ‘‘samannāgato’’ti vuccati. Yathāha ‘‘lobhena samannāgato, bhikkhave, abhabbo cattāri satipaṭṭhānāni bhāvetu’’ntiādi. Etthāhu nikāyantarikā ‘‘yathāvuttāya upasampadāya pattisaṅkhāto cittavippayutto saṅkhārakkhandhapariyāpanno dhammo atthi, tassa santativasena pubbāpariyaṃ uppajjamānassa yāva avicchedo, tāva upasampannoti, aññathā tato dhammantaruppattikkhaṇe tassa upasampannassa anupasampannabhāvappasaṅgo āpajjatī’’ti. Te vattabbā ‘‘suttaṃ āharathā’’ti. Te ce vadeyyuṃ ‘‘yo tesaṃ dasannaṃ asekkhānaṃ dhammānaṃ upādāya paṭilābhasamannāgamo ariyo hoti vippahīnoti evamādīni no suttānī’’ti. Evaṃ sati asantadhammehi, parasattehi ca samannāgamadosappasaṅgo nesaṃ pāpuṇāti. Kiṃkāraṇaṃ? Suttasambhavato. Yathāha – ‘‘rājā, bhikkhave, cakkavattī sattahi ratanehi samannāgato hotī’’ti (dī. ni. 3.199-200 atthato samānaṃ) vitthāro. Vasibhāvo tattha samannāgatasaddena vutto. Tassahitesu ratanesu vasibhāvo kāmacāro atthīti ce? Ettha vasibhāvo samannāgamasaddena vutto, aññattha pattisaṅkhāto, taṃ dhammantaranti. Kimettha visesakāraṇaṃ? Natthi ca, tasmā yathāvuttalakkhaṇāva upasampadā. Ayameva nayo pabbajjādīsupi netabbo.
19. Kiñcāpi vappattherassa pāṭipadadivase…pe… assajittherassa catutthiyanti evaṃ nānādivasesu pāṭekkaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ udapādi, tathāpi ovādasāmaññena vappabhaddiyānaṃ, mahānāmaassajīnañcettha ekato vuttanti veditabbaṃ.
20. ‘‘Rūpaṃ, bhikkhave, anattā’’ti kimatthaṃ āditova anattalakkhaṇaṃ dīpetīti? Tesaṃ puthujjanakālepi itaralakkhaṇadvayassa pākaṭattā. Te hi manāpānaṃ kāmānaṃ aniccatādassanena saṃviggā pabbajiṃsūti aniccalakkhaṇaṃ tāva nesaṃ ekadesena pākaṭaṃ, pabbajitānañca attakilamathānuyogato kāyikadukkhaṃ, tañca mānasassa paccayoti mānasikadukkhañca pākaṭaṃ, tasmā tadubhayaṃ vajjitvā anattalakkhaṇameva dīpetuṃ ārabhi. Tañca dīpento dukkhalakkhaṇeneva dīpetuṃ ‘‘rūpañca hidaṃ, bhikkhave, attā abhavissā’’tiādimāha. Kimatthanti? Aniccalakkhaṇatopi tesaṃ dukkhalakkhaṇassa suṭṭhutaraṃ pākaṭattā. Tesañhi attakilamathānuyogamanuyuttattā, tapparāyaṇabhāvato ca dukkhalakkhaṇaṃ suṭṭhu pākaṭaṃ, tasmā tena tāva suṭṭhu pākaṭena anattalakkhaṇaṃ dīpetvā puna tadeva tadubhayenāpi dīpetuṃ ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti vakkhati. Kallaṃ nūti yuttaṃ nu. Etaṃ mamāti taṇhāggāho. Esohamasmīti mānaggāho. Eso me attāti diṭṭhiggāho. Taṇhāggāho cettha aṭṭhasatataṇhāvicaritavasena, mānaggāho navavidhamānavasena, diṭṭhiggāho dvāsaṭṭhidiṭṭhivasena veditabbo.
Pañcavaggiyakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Pabbajjākathāvaṇṇanā
25. Yena samayena bhagavā pañcavaggiye pañcamiyaṃ arahatte patiṭṭhāpetvā sattamiyaṃ nāḷakattherassa nāḷakapaṭipadaṃ ācikkhitvā bhaddapadapuṇṇamāyaṃ yasassa indriyānaṃ paripakkabhāvaṃ ñatvā taṃ udikkhanto bārāṇasiyaṃ vihāsi, tena samayena yaso nāmāti sambandho. Tassa kira uppattito paṭṭhāya tassa kulassa kittisaddasaṅkhāto, parijanasaṅkhāto vā yaso visesato pavaḍḍhati. Tena tassa mātāpitaro evaṃ nāmamakaṃsu. ‘‘Sukhumālo’’tiādi kimatthaṃ āyasmatā upālittherena vuttanti? Pacchimajanassa nekkhamme samussāhanajananatthaṃ. Evaṃ uttamabhogasamappitānampi uttamesu bhogesu appamattakenāpi asubhanimittena vitajjetvā kālākālaṃ agaṇetvā vivekābhiratiyā mahantaṃ bhogakkhandhaṃ tiṇaṃ viya pahāya gehato nikkhamanā ahosi, kassa panaññassa na siyāti adhippāyo. Samaṅgībhūtassāti tehi ekattaṃ upagatassa, avivittassāti attho. Niddā okkamīti manāpesupi visayesu pavattiṃ nivāretvā tassa cittaṃ atikkamitvā abhibhavitvā attano vasaṃ upanesīti attho. Sabbarattiyo cāti tayopi yāme. Tena parijanassa vikāradassane kāraṇaṃ dasseti. Ratti-saddo panettha kāle sūriyābhāve, yāme ca pavattatīti viññeyyo. Yāmevidha viññeyyo ticīvaravippavāse ca. Kaccheti kacchapasse. Kaṇṭheti kaṇṭhassa heṭṭhā. Mudiṅgassa hi upari kaṇṭhaṃ ṭhapetvā sayantiyā kaṇṭhe mudiṅgaṃ addasāti attho. Āḷambaranti paṇavaṃ. Ubhatomukhassa tanukā dīghā. Vitthinnasamatalassa vāditassa etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Vippalapantiyoti supinadassanādivasena asambandhapalāpaṃ vippalapantiyo. Susānaṃ maññeti susānaṃ viya addasa sakaṃ parijananti sambandho. Ādīnavoti asubhabhāvo. Nibbidāya cittaṃ saṇṭhātīti vimuccitukāmatāsaṅkhātāya ukkaṇṭhāya cittaṃ namīti attho. Udānaṃ udānesīti ‘‘ito paṭṭhāya imāhi itthīhi saha nāhaṃ bhavissāmī’’ti attamanavācaṃ nicchāresi. Dve kira ākārā tassa pamādasuttaparijanadassane pākaṭā jātā kilesānaṃ balavabhāvo, asubhākārassa atioḷārikabhāvo ca. Evaṃ sati oḷārikatare ca asubhākāre kilesavasenāyaṃ sabbopi loko ettha pīḷito mucchito. Aho kilesā balavatarāti hi passato passato tassa dvepi te ākārā pākaṭā jātā, yenevamavocāti.
‘‘Suvaṇṇapādukāyo ārohitvā’’ti etenassa nissaṅgatāya vissaṭṭhagamanaṃ dīpeti. So hi balavasaṃvegābhitunnahadayattā parijanassa pabodhe satipi attano gamananivāraṇasamatthabhāvaṃ asahamāno attānaṃ takkento vissaṭṭho agamāsi. Amanussāti devatā. Tā hi manussehi sugatipaṭivedhañāṇasaṇṭhānādiguṇasāmaññena ‘‘amanussā’’ti vuccanti. Na hi asamānajātikā tiracchānādayo ‘‘abrāhmaṇā’’ti vā ‘‘avasalā’’ti vā vuccanti, kintu jātisabhāgatāya eva vasalādayo ‘‘abrāhmaṇā’’ti vuccanti, evaṃ manussehi kenaci ākārena sabhāgatāya devatā ‘‘amanussā’’ti vuttā. Aññathā manussā na hontīti tiracchānagatāpi ‘‘amanussā’’ti vattabbā bhaveyyuṃ.
26. Vanagahanaṃ disvā ‘‘sumuttohaṃ nagarato’’ti pamuditattā bhagavato avidūre udānesi. Idaṃ kho yasāti bhagavā nibbānaṃ sandhāyāha. Tañhi taṇhādikilesehi anupaddutaṃ, anupasaṭṭhatañca dassanamattenāpi assādajananato. Dhammaṃ desessāmīti yena taṃ nibbānaṃ idha nisinnamattova tvaṃ adhigamissasīti adhippāyo. Kirāti assaddheyyaabyattiparihāsesu nipāto, idha abyattiyaṃ. Suvaṇṇapādukāyo orohitvāti ca suvaṇṇapādukāhi otaritvā. Nissakkatthe hi idaṃ paccattavacanaṃ. Tassa nisinnamattasseva aññaṃ sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ akatvā anāmantetvā anupubbiṃ kathaṃ kathesi. Suparipakkindriyattā, paṭivedhakkhaṇānatikkamanatthaṃ anupaddutānupasaṭṭhatānaṃ pāpakadhammadesanābhimukhacittattā, seṭṭhissa gahapatino acirāgamanadassanato ca. Kimatthaṃ bhagavā tassa suṭṭhutaraṃ saṃviggahadayassa bhavato muccitukāmassa bhavābhavūpāyānisaṃsakathaṃ paṭhamameva kathesīti? Sabbabhavādīnavadassanatthaṃ. So hi manussalokasseva upaddutaupasaṭṭhabhāvaṃ addasa, na saggānanti kadāci saggalokaṃ sukhato maññeyya. Tattha sukhasaññena nibbānābhimukhaṃ cittaṃ peseyyāti saggānampi ādīnavaṃ dassetukāmatāya anupubbiṃ kathaṃ ārabhi. Ettha dānaṃ, dānānisaṃsaṃ, sīlānisaṃsañca kathento dānasīlakathaṃ katheti nāma. Saggavaṇṇaṃ kathento saggakathaṃ katheti nāma. Tattha vatthukāmakilesakāmānaṃ aniccataṃ, apasādataṃ, mahādīnavatañca kathento kāmānaṃ ādīnavaṃ, okāraṃ, saṃkilesañca pakāseti. Nekkhamme tadabhāvato ca taṃnissaraṇato ca tabbiparītaṃ ānisaṃsaṃ kathento nekkhamme ānisaṃsaṃ pakāseti nāma. Tattha okāranti avakāraṃ lāmakabhāvaṃ. Saṃkilesanti saṃkilissanaṃ bādhanaṃ upatāpanaṃ vāti attho. Kallacittaṃ paññindriyassa ānubhāvena, diṭṭhiyogavicikicchāyogānaṃ paññindriyena vihatattā. Muducittaṃ satindriyasamāyogena, vihiṃsāsārambhādikilesapavesaṃ nivāretvā cittamudutādikusaladhammappavesanaṃ karontaṃ sahajātaṃ cittaṃ muduṃ karoti. Samādhindriyassa ānubhāvena vinīvaraṇacittaṃ. Tañhi visesato nīvaraṇavipakkhabhūtanti. Vīriyindriyavasena udaggacittaṃ. Tañhi thinamiddhasaṅkhātalīnabhāvavipakkhanti. Saddhindriyassa ānubhāvena pasannacittaṃ tassa pasādalakkhaṇattā. Sāmukkaṃsikāti etaṃ visayavasena desanaṃ upālitthero pakāseti. Saccāni hi sāmukkaṃsikadesanāya visayāni. Aññathā dukkhādīni sāmukkaṃsikā dhammadesanāti āpajjati tassa vibhāvane saccānaṃ niddiṭṭhattā.
27. Catuddisāti catūsu disāsu. Abhisaṅkharesīti abhisaṅkhari. Kimatthanti ce? Ubhinnaṃ paṭilabhitabbavisesantarāyanisedhanatthaṃ. Yadi so puttaṃ passeyya, puttassapi dhammacakkhupaṭilābho arahattuppatti, seṭṭhissapi dhammacakkhupaṭilābho na siyā. Diṭṭhasaccopi ‘‘dehi te mātuyā jīvita’’nti vadanto kimaññaṃ na kareyya. Yasopi taṃ vacanaṃ sutvā arahāpi samāno sayaṃ appaṭikkhipitvā bhagavantaṃ ullokento kimaññāya saṇṭhaheyya.
28. Ubhohipi pattabbavisesakoṭiyā pattattā bhagavā puna taṃ paṭippassambhesi. Pubbe agārikabhūtoti tassa sotāpannakālaṃ sandhāyāha. Sotāpanno hi agāramajjhe vasanārahattā agāriyabhūto nāma hoti apabbajito. Sampati pabbajito samāno agāramajjhavasanassa abhabbattā ‘‘agāriko’’ti na vuccati, tasmā evamāha. Yassa diṭṭhoti sambandho, yena diṭṭhoti vuttaṃ hoti. ‘‘Seyyathāpi pubbe agārikabhūto’’ti vacanena laddhanayattā pacchā gahapati gihivesadhārimeva yasaṃ sandhāyāha ‘‘yasena kulaputtena pacchāsamaṇenā’’ti. Tattha cara brahmacariyanti ābhisamācārikasīlaṃ brahmacariyaṃ cara paripūrehi tāva, yāva sammādukkhassantakiriyā, yāva cuticittāti adhippāyo. Liṅgabrahmacariyaṃ sandhāyāti porāṇā, tañca yuttaṃ. Liṅgamattañhi sandhāya so āyasmā ‘‘labheyyāhaṃ, bhante, pabbajjaṃ upasampada’’nti āha.
Kimatthaṃ bhagavā yasassa mātu, pajāpatiyā ca bhattakiccaṃ akatvāva dhammaṃ desesīti? Yasassa pabbajjāya sokasallasamappitattā dānañca somanassikacittena na dadeyyuṃ, satthari ca domanassappattā hutvā maggapaṭivedhampi na labheyyunti bhagavā paṭhamaṃ tāva tā vigatasokasallahadayāyo katvā puna bhattakiccaṃ akāsi.
30. Seṭṭhānuseṭṭhīnanti anukkamaseṭṭhīnanti porāṇā. ‘‘Seṭṭhino cānuseṭṭhino ca yāni kulāni, tāni seṭṭhānuseṭṭhāni kulāni, tesaṃ seṭṭhānuseṭṭhīnaṃ kulāna’’nti likhitaṃ. Dhammavinayoti sāsanabrahmacariyaṃ pāvacananti idha atthato ekaṃ. Atha vā dhammena vinayo, na daṇḍasatthehīti dhammavinayo, dhammāya vinayo, na hiṃsatthanti vā dhammato vinayo, nādhammatoti vā dhammo vinayo, nādhammoti vā dhammānaṃ vinayo, na aññesanti vā dhammakāyattā, dhammasāmittā vā dhammo bhagavā, tassa dhammassa vinayo, na takkikānanti vā dhammavinayo. Samānādhikaraṇavasena vā dhammavinayo nīluppalaṃ viya, dhammo ca vinayo cāti dhammavinayo phalāphalaṃ viya napuṃsakamiti pulliṅgāpadesato assa liṅgabhāvo siddho, yassa vā dhammo vinayo, so dhammavinayo setapaṭo puriso viya, dhammena yutto vā vinayo dhammavinayo assaratho viyāti evamādinā nayena yojanā veditabbā.
34. ‘‘Khaṇḍasīmaṃ netvā’’ti bhaṇḍukammārocanapaṭiharaṇatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Tena ‘‘sabhikkhuke vihāre aññampi etassa kese chindā’’ti vattuṃ na vaṭṭatīti. Pabbājetvāti imassa adhippāyapakāsanatthaṃ ‘‘kāsāyāni acchādetvā ehī’’ti vuttaṃ. Upajjhāyo ce kesamassuoropanādīni akatvā pabbajatthaṃ saraṇāni deti, na ruhati pabbajjā. Kammavācaṃ sāvetvā upasampādeti, ruhati upasampadā. Appattacīvarānaṃ upasampadāsiddhidassanato, kammavipattiyā abhāvato cetaṃ yujjatevāti eke. Hoti cettha –
‘‘Saliṅgasseva pabbajjā, viliṅgassāpi cetarā;
Apetapubbavesassa, taṃ dvayaṃ iti cāpare’’ti.
Bhikkhunā hi sahatthena vā āṇattiyā vā dinnameva kāsāvaṃ vaṭṭati, adinnaṃ na vaṭṭatīti pana santesveva kāsāvesu, nāsantesu asambhavatoti tesaṃ adhippāyo. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, pabbājetabbo upasampādetabbo. Paṭhamaṃ…pe…anujānāmi, bhikkhave, imehi tīhi saraṇagamanehi pabbajjaṃ upasampadanti ettha iminā anukkamena dinnehi tīhi saraṇagamanehi pabbajjaṃ upasampadaṃ anujānāmi kevalehīti adhippāyadassanato –
Ādinnapubbaliṅgassa, naggassāpi dvayaṃ bhave;
Netarassāti no khanti, sabbapāṭhānulomatoti. –
Ācariyo. Ācariyena adinnaṃ na vaṭṭatīti ettha ‘‘pabbajjā na ruhatīti vadantī’’ti likhitaṃ. Porāṇagaṇṭhipadepi tatheva likhitaṃ. Urādīni ṭhānāni nāma. Saṃvutādīni karaṇāni nāma. ‘‘Anunāsikantaṃ katvā ekasambandhaṃ katvā dānakāle antarā aṭṭhatvā vattabbaṃ. Vicchinditvā dānepi yathāvuttaṭṭhāne eva vicchedo, aññatra na vaṭṭatī’’ti likhitaṃ. Anunāsikante diyyamāne khalitvā ‘‘buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmī’’ti makārena missībhūte khette otiṇṇattā vaṭṭatīti upatissatthero. Missaṃ katvā vattuṃ vaṭṭati, vacanakāle pana anunāsikaṭṭhāne vicchedaṃ akatvā vattabbanti dhammasiritthero. ‘‘Evaṃ kammavācāyampī’’ti vuttaṃ. Ubhatosuddhiyāva vaṭṭatīti ettha mahāthero patitadantādikāraṇatāya acaturassaṃ katvā vadati, byattasāmaṇero samīpe ṭhito pabbajjāpekkhaṃ byattaṃ vadāpeti. Mahātherena avuttaṃ vadāpetīti na vaṭṭati. Kammavācāya itaro bhikkhu ce vadati, vaṭṭatīti. Saṅgho hi kammaṃ karoti, na puggaloti. Na nānāsīmapavattakammavācāsāmaññanayena paṭikkhipitabbattā. Atha therena caturassaṃ vuttaṃ pabbajjāpekkhaṃ vattuṃ asakkontaṃ sāmaṇero sayaṃ vatvā vadāpeti, ubhatosuddhi eva hoti therena vuttasseva vuttattā. Buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchanto asādhāraṇe buddhaguṇe, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchanto nibbānaṃ, saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchanto sekkhadhammaṃ, asekkhadhammañca saraṇaṃ gacchatīti aggahitaggahaṇavasena yojanā kātabbā. Aññathā saraṇattayasaṅkaradoso. Sabbamassa kappiyākappiyanti dasasikkhāpadavinimuttaṃ parāmāsāparāmāsādi. ‘‘Ābhisamācārikesu vinetabbo’’ti vacanato sekhiyaupajjhāyavattādiābhisamācārikasīlamanena pūretabbaṃ. Tattha cārittassa akaraṇe vārittassa karaṇe daṇḍakammāraho hotīti dīpeti.
Pabbajjākathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Dutiyamārakathāvaṇṇanā
35. ‘‘Tena hetunā’’ti vacanato pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘yonisomanasikārāsammappadhānā’’ti hetvatthe nissakkavacananti veditabbaṃ.
Dutiyamārakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Uruvelapāṭihāriyakathāvaṇṇanā
37-8. Vaseyyāmāti ‘‘tvañca ahañca vaseyyāmā’’ti piyavacanena tassa saṅgaṇhanatthaṃ vuttaṃ kira. Tejasā tejanti ānubhāvena ānubhāvaṃ. Tejodhātuyā vā tejodhātuṃ. Ubhinnaṃ sajotibhūtānanti anādaratthe sāmivacanaṃ, bhāvasattamīatthe vā. Agyāgārameva ādittaṃ, na tattha vasanako sattajātiko. Acinteyyo hi iddhivisayo. Kasmā pana bhagavā agyāgārampi anādittaṃ nādhiṭṭhāsīti? Attano dukkhuppādābhāvassa anativimhādibhāvappasaṅgato. Kimatthaṃ parasantakaṃ mahāsambhārapavattaṃ taṃ vināsetīti? Puna yathāporāṇaṃ iddhānubhāvena kattukāmatādhippāyato. Pariyādinnoti khayaṃ nīto. Tejasā tejanti ānubhāvena ānubhāvaṃ. Agyāgārassa parittattā itaro attho na sambhavati. Ayamattho ‘‘makkhaṃ asahamāno’’ti iminā ativiya sameti. Iddhānubhāvamakkhanañhi tattha makkho nāma. Pattenāti padumapattenātipi porāṇā. Paduminisaṇḍe ṭhito hi bhagavā tattha ahosīti tesaṃ mati.
39. Dinnanti anumatinti attho. Abhīto nibbhayo. Kasmā? Yato so maggena bhayamatīto. ‘‘Sumanamanasoti sundaracittasaṅkhātamano. Sumano eva vā’’ti likhitaṃ. Tejovāti aggi viya. Dhātukusaloti tejodhātumhi kusalo. ‘‘Byavahitā ce’’ti saddalakkhaṇattā ca upasaggo. Tejodhātusamāpattīsu kusalo iccevattho. Udicchareti ullokesuṃ. ‘‘Saṃparivāresu’’nti ca likhitaṃ. Iti evaṃ bhaṇantīti attho. Hatāti samāti attho, kāḷakāva hontīti kirettha adhippāyo. Īsakampi byāpāraṃ akatvā upasamānurūpaṃ tiṭṭhanti. Ye ca anekavaṇṇā acciyo hontīti taṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘nīlā atha lohitikā’’tiādimāha.
40. Catuddisāti catūsu disāsu.
44. Paṃsukūlaṃ uppannanti pariyesamānassa paṭilābhavasena uppannaṃ hoti. Cittavicittapāṭihīradassanatthāya ca sā pariyesanā. Sā ayaṃ sāyaṃ. Tā imā tayimā. Dve ekato gahetvā vadati. Āyāmi ahaṃ āyamahaṃ. Etanti etassa. Yathā mayanti yasmā mayaṃ.
50-51. Udakavāhakoti udakogho. Udakasototi porāṇā. ‘‘Yāya tva’’nti pubbabhāgavipassanāpaṭipadaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Cirapaṭikāti cirapabhuti, nāgadamanato paṭṭhāya cirapaṭikā. ‘‘Cirapaṭisaṅkhā’’tipi vadanti. Kesamissantiādimhi abbokiṇṇaṃ visuṃ visuṃ bandhitvā pakkhittattā kesādayova kesamissāti porāṇā. Khārikājamissanti ettha khārī vuccati tāpasaparikkhāro. Jaṭile pāhesīti dve tayo tāpase pāhesi. ‘‘Soḷasātirekaaḍḍhauḍḍhāni pāṭihāriyasahassānī’’ti vuttaṃ.
54. Aggihutte kataparicayattā bhagavā tesaṃ ādittapariyāya-mabhāsi (saṃ. ni. 4.28). Tattha ekaccaṃ ārammaṇavasena ādittaṃ cakkhādi rāgagginā, ekaccaṃ sampayogavasena cakkhusamphassapaccayā vedayitādikeneva, ekaccaṃ abhibhūtatthena cakkhādi eva jātiādinā, ekaccaṃ paccayatthena, tadeva sokādināti yathāsambhavamettha ādittatā veditabbā. Ettha kiñcāpi dukkhalakkhaṇamevekaṃ pākaṭaṃ, tadanusārena pana itaraṃ lakkhaṇadvayampi tehi diṭṭhanti veditabbaṃ dukkhākārassa itarākāradīpanato. Santasukhataṇhābhiniviṭṭhattā panesaṃ dukkhalakkhaṇapubbaṅgamā desanā katāti veditabbā.
Uruvelapāṭihāriyakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Bimbisārasamāgamakathāvaṇṇanā
55-7. Vatthukāmabhūtā itthiyo kāmitthiyo. Dutiyādayo assāsakā. Yasmā anuppanne eva bhagavati buddhakolāhalaṃ loke paṭhamameva vassasahassaṃ uppajjati. Brahmāno ca brāhmaṇavaṇṇaṃ abhinimminitvā vedesu sahassattayamattaṃ buddhapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ pariyattiṃ pakkhipitvā vācenti, bhagavato jātito paṭṭhāya ca buddhakathā lakkhaṇaññūhi brāhmaṇehi uppāditā, patthaṭā loke, tasmā yujjanti, na aññathā. ‘‘Tamaddasa bimbisāro, pāsādasmiṃ patiṭṭhito’’tiādigāthāhi bodhisattakāle eva abhisittatā bimbisārassa siddhā.
58. Idhāvuso khīṇāsavo bhikkhu pañcaṅgavippahīno hoti chaḷaṅgasamannāgato ekārakkho caturāpasseno paṇunnapaccekasacco samavayasaṭṭhesano anāvilasaṅkappo passaddhakāyasaṅkhāro suvimuttacitto suvimuttapaññoti (dī. ni. 3.348, 360; a. ni. 10.19) dasa ariyavāsā nāma. Rūpārūpasamāpattiyo aṭṭha nirodhasamāpatti mahākaruṇāsamāpattītipi porāṇā. Tattha nīvaraṇā pañcaṅgā ca. Chaḷaṅgupekkhā chaḷaṅgā. Satārakkhena ekārakkhā. Saṅkhāya ekaṃ paṭisevati, adhivāseti, parivajjeti, saṅkhāya ekaṃ vinodetīti ayaṃ caturāpasseno. Puthusamaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ puthupaccekasaccāni cattāri pahīnāni, evaṃ paṇunnapaccekasacco. Kāmesanā bhavesanā pahīnā hoti, brahmacariyesanā paṭippassaddhā, evaṃ samavayasaṭṭhesano. Kāmabyāpādavihiṃsāsaṅkappo pahīno hoti, evaṃ anāvilasaṅkappo, sukhassa ca pahānā…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati evaṃ suvimuttacitto hoti. Rāgo pahīno ucchinnamūlo…pe… anuppādadhammoti pajānāti, doso, moho anuppādadhammoti pajānāti, evaṃ suvimuttapaññoti.
‘‘Ṭhānāṭhānaṃ vipākañca, ñāṇaṃ sabbatthagāminiṃ;
Anekadhātuyo lokaṃ, adhimuttiñca pāṇinaṃ.
‘‘Jānāti indriyānañca, paropariyataṃ muni;
Jhānādisaṃkilesādi-ñāṇaṃ vijjattayaṃ tathā’’ti. –
Imāni dasa balāni. Asekkhaṅgāni nāma asekkhā sammādiṭṭhi…pe… asekkhavimutti asekkhavimuttiñāṇadassananti. Tattha dasamaṃ asekkhaṃ. Etehi dasahi cupeto pāramīhīti porāṇā.
Bimbisārasamāgamakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Sāriputtamoggallānapabbajjākathāvaṇṇanā
60. Kiṃ kāhasīti kiṃ kāhati. ‘‘Kiṃ karoti, kiṃ karosī’’ti vā byañjanaṃ bahuṃ vatvāti attho. Paṭipādentoti nigamento. ‘‘Paccabyathā, paccabyatha’’ntipi paṭhanti. Kappanahutehīti ettha dasakānaṃ sataṃ sahassaṃ, sahassānaṃ sataṃ satasahassaṃ, satasahassānaṃ sataṃ koṭi, koṭisatasahassānaṃ sataṃ pakoṭi, pakoṭisatasahassānaṃ sataṃ koṭipakoṭi, koṭipakoṭisatasahassānaṃ sataṃ nahutanti veditabbaṃ. Kappanahutehīti evamanusārato abbhatītaṃ nāmāti khandhakabhāṇakānaṃ pāṭhoti.
63. ‘‘Kulacchedāyā’’ti pāṭho, kulupacchedāyāti attho. Manussā ‘‘dhammena kira samaṇā sakyaputtiyā nayanti, nādhammenā’’ti na puna codesunti evaṃ pāṭhasesena sambandho kātabbo.
Ettāvatā thero nidānaṃ niṭṭhapesīti veditabbaṃ. Honti cettha –
‘‘Yaṃ dhammasenāpati ettha mūla-
Ganthassa siddhikkamadassanena;
Nidānaniṭṭhānamakaṃsu dhamma-
Saṅgāhakā te vinayakkamaññū.
‘‘Nidānalīnatthapadānameva,
Nidāniṭṭhānamidaṃ viditvā;
Ito paraṃ ce vinayatthayutta-
Padāni vīmaṃsanameva ñeyya’’nti.
Sāriputtamoggallānapabbajjākathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Upajjhāyavattakathāvaṇṇanā
64. Buddhupajjhāyakānaṃ itaresaṃ ehibhikkhūnaṃ nivāsanapārupanakappato nesaṃ visuṃ visuṃ sadisattā ‘‘dunnivatthā duppārutā anākappasampannā’’ti vuttā. Na kevalañca itthambhūtā piṇḍāya caranti, apica manussānaṃ bhuñjamānānaṃ uparītiādi. Manussā ujjhāyanti pipāsāsahanato, itaresaṃ ākappasampattiyā pasannattā ca.
65. Kena ko upajjhāyo gahetabboti? ‘‘Tadā so yassa santike pabbājito, etarahi yassa santike upasampadāpekkho hoti. Upajjhāyena ca sādhūti sampaṭicchanaṃ sandhāyā’’ti kehici likhitaṃ. Taṃ te evaṃ jānanti ‘‘upajjhāyena ‘sāhū’tiādinā sampaṭicchite saddhivihārikassa ‘sādhu suṭṭhu sampaṭicchāmī’ti vacanaṃ kevalaṃ bhikkhūhi āciṇṇameva, na katthaci dissati, tasmā vināpi tena upajjhāyo gahitova hotī’’ti. Tattha sāhūti sādhūti vuttaṃ hoti. Lahūti lahu, tvaṃ mama na bhāriyosīti vuttaṃ hoti. Opāyikanti upāyapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ, iminā upāyena tvaṃ me ito paṭṭhāya bhāro jātosīti attho. Patirūpanti anurūpaṃ te upajjhāyaggahaṇanti attho.
66. Tādisameva mukhadhovanodakaṃ utumhi ekasabhāgeti. Ito paṭṭhāyāti ‘‘na upajjhāyassa bhaṇamānassā’’ti ettha vuttana-kārato paṭṭhāya. Tena ‘‘nātidūre gantabbaṃ, nāccāsanne gantabba’’nti ettha vuttana-kārena anāpattīti dīpetīti eke. Sacittakā ayaṃ āpatti, udāhu acittakāti? Anādariyapaccayattā sacittakā. Anādariyapaccayatā kathaṃ paññāyatīti ce? Anādariyapaccayehi saṅgahitanti. Pātimokkhuddese sekhiyānaṃ gaṇaparicchedākaraṇañhi khandhakapariyāpannāpattiyā saṅgaṇhanatthaṃ. Idaṃ pana lakkhaṇaṃ cāritteyeva veditabbaṃ, na vāritte akappiyamaṃsakhādanādiāpattīnaṃ acittakattā. Khandhakavārittānaṃ tehi saṅgaho, sekhiyavāritteyeva acittakehi sūpodanaviññattipaccayādīhīti ācariyo. Yattha yattha na-kārena paṭisedho karīyati, kiṃ sabbattha dukkaṭāpattīti? Āma. Yattha aṭṭhakathāya nayo na dassito, tattha sabbattha. Parato hi aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘sace pana kāḷavaṇṇakatā vā sudhābaddhā vā hoti nirajamattikā, tathārūpāya bhūmiyā ṭhapetuṃ vaṭṭatī’’tiādinā nayena nayo dassito.
Etthāha – yasmā pāḷiyaṃyeva ‘‘sace upajjhāyassa anabhirati uppannā hoti, diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hotī’’ti (mahāva. 66) bhagavato vacanavasena aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttanayo yuttoti dassetuṃ ‘‘nātidūre nāccāsanne’’ti ettha ko bhagavato vacanalesoti? Vuccate – ‘‘paṭhamataraṃ āgantvā āsanaṃ paññāpetabba’’ntiādīni vadanti desaniyamanato. Upajjhāyena anumataṃyeva paṭhamagamananti ce? Na, asiddhattā, siddhepi yathāvuttanayasiddhito ca. Na hi vārittassa anumati anāpattikarā hoti, evaṃ santepi vicāretvā gahetabbaṃ. Koṭṭhakanti dvārakoṭṭhakaṃ. Na nissajjitabbaṃ, na nidahitabbaṃ vā.
Upajjhāyavattakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Nasammāvattanādikathāvaṇṇanā
68. Adhimattaṃ gehassitapemaṃ na hotīti ettha gehassitapemaṃ na akusalamicceva daṭṭhabbaṃ khīṇāsavānampi sādhāraṇattā imassa lakkhaṇassa. Na khīṇāsavānaṃ asammāvattanābhāvatoti ce? Na, tesaṃ na paṇāmetabbaṃ taṃsamannāgamanasiddhito, tasmā ‘‘mamesa bhāro’’ti mamattakaraṇaṃ tattha pemanti veditabbaṃ. ‘‘Eko vattasampanno…pe… tesaṃ anāpattī’ti ettha viya sace eko vattasampanno bhikkhu ‘bhante, tumhe appossukkā hotha, ahaṃ tumhākaṃ saddhivihārikaṃ, antevāsikaṃ vā gilānaṃ vā upaṭṭhahissāmi, ovaditabbaṃ ovadissāmi, iti karaṇīyesu ussukkaṃ āpajjissāmī’ti vadati, te evāsaddhivihārikādayo ‘bhante, tumheva kevalaṃ appossukkā hothā’ti vadanti, vattaṃ vā na sādiyanti, tato paṭṭhāya ācariyupajjhāyānaṃ anāpattī’’ti vuttaṃ.
Nasammāvattanādikathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Rādhabrāhmaṇavatthukathāvaṇṇanā
73. ‘‘Pūtimuttanti muttaṃ pūtikāyo viyā’’ti vatvāpi ‘‘pūtibhāvena muttaṃ paṭinissaṭṭhaṃ bhesajjaṃ pūtimuttabhesajja’’nti likhitaṃ. Sabbattha itthannāmoti ekova na-kāro hoti.
Rādhabrāhmaṇavatthukathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Ācariyavattakathāvaṇṇanā
76. ‘‘Āyasmato nissāya vacchāmī’’ti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Āyasmato ovādaṃ nissāya vasāmī’’ti pāṭhasesavasena veditabbā. Nissāyāti vā nissayā, nissayenāti vuttaṃ hoti. Āyasmatoti vā upayogatthe sāmivacanaṃ.
Ācariyavattakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Nissayapaṭippassaddhikathāvaṇṇanā
83. Disaṃ gatoti tattha dhuranikkhittavāso hutvā tirogāmaṃ gato. Yattha nissayo labbhati, tattha gantabbanti etthāpi upajjhāye vuttanayeneva ‘‘katipāhena gamissāmī’’ti gamane cesa ussāho rakkhati. Mā idha paṭikkamīti mā idha gaccha. Sabhāgā nāma upajjhāyassa sissā. Tattha nissayaṃ gahetvā. Yadi evaṃ ko visesoti ce? Tena idaṃ vuccati ‘‘appeva nāma khameyyā’’ti. Vasituṃ vaṭṭatīti upajjhāyena pariccattattā upajjhāyasamodhānaṃ niratthakanti attho. Sace upajjhāyo cirena anuggahetukāmo hoti, tato paṭṭhāya upajjhāyova nissayo. Upajjhāyo ce alajjī hoti, saddhivihārikena anekakkhattuṃ vāretvā aviramantaṃ upajjhāyaṃ pahāya vināpi nissayapaṇāmanena aññassa santike nissayaṃ gahetvā vasitabbaṃ. Upajjhāyassa ce liṅgaṃ parivattati, ekadivasampi na rakkhati. Pakkhapaṇḍako ce hoti, nissayajātiko ce ‘‘upajjhāyassa sukkapakkhaṃ āgamehī’’ti vadati, sayameva vā āgameti, vaṭṭati. Upajjhāyo ce ukkhepaniyakammakato hoti, nānāsaṃvāsakabhūmiyaṃ ṭhitattā nissayo paṭippassambhati. Sammāvattantaṃ pana passitvā kammapaṭippassaddhiṃ āgametuṃ labhati. Mānattācārī ce hoti, abbhānaṃ āgametabbaṃ. Dīghaṃ ce parivāsaṃ carati, aññassa santike nissayo gahetabbo, upajjhāyasamodhānaṃ appamāṇaṃ. Parivāsamānattacārinā hi na nissayo dātabbo. Yaṃ pana pārivāsikakkhandhakaṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘saddhivihārikānampi sādiyantassa dukkaṭamevā’’tiādi (cūḷava. aṭṭha. 75), taṃ yathāvuttamatthaṃ sādheti eva. Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ ‘‘sace saddhāpabbajitā kulaputtā ‘tumhe, bhante, vinayakammamattaṃ karothā’’ti vatvā vattaṃ karontiyeva, gāmappavesanaṃ āpucchantiyeva, taṃ vāritakālato paṭṭhāya anāpattī’’ti. Taṃ vattasādiyanapaccayā dukkaṭābhāvamattadīpanatthaṃ, saddhivihārikānaṃ sāpekkhataṃ vā sandhāya vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Tasmā te ce upajjhāyena vāritānurūpameva paṭipajjanti, nissayo tesaṃ paṭippassaddhoti siddhaṃ hoti.
Dve leḍḍupāte atikkamitvā nivattatīti ‘‘ettāvatā disāpakkanto nāma hoti, tasmā antevāsike anikkhittadhurepi nissayo paṭippassambhati. Ācariyupajjhāyā dve leḍḍupāte anatikkamma leḍḍupātadvayabbhantare tirovihārepi parikkhitte, aparikkhitte vā vasituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti likhitaṃ. Aparikkhitteyevāti no takkoti ācariyo, ettha pana aparikkhittassa parikkhepārahaṭṭhānato vimutte aññasmiṃ vihāre vasantīti adhippāyo. Vihāroti cettha ‘‘tādisassa vihārassa ante ṭhitā ekā kuṭikā adhippetāti upatissatthero’’ti vuttaṃ. Tattha ‘‘sace ubhopi ācariyantevāsikā kenaci…pe… nissayo na paṭippassambhatī’’ti iminā sāmaññato vuttena aṭṭhakathāvacanena dhammasirittheravādo sameti. Aparikkhitte vāti dvinnaṃ leḍḍupātānaṃ anto parikkhitto vā hoti aparikkhitto vā. ‘‘Bahisīma’’nti ca vuttattā antovihārasīmāyaṃ dve leḍḍupāte atikkamitvāpi vasituṃ vaṭṭatīti siddhattā pana upatissattheravādo na sameti. Ekāvāse hi parikkhitte vā aparikkhitte vā antamaso antotiyojanepi vasato nissayo na paṭippassambhati. So ca upacārasīmāya paricchinno, sā ca upacārasīmā parikkhittassa vihārassa parikkhepena aparikkhittassa parikkhepārahaṭṭhānena paricchinno ekāvāso.
Uposathakkhandhake ekāvāsavimatiyaṃ sīmāya anuññātattāti ce? Na, cīvarakkhandhakaṭṭhakathāya vicāritattā. Yathāha ‘‘sīmaṭṭhakasaṅgho bhājetvā gaṇhātū’’ti (mahāva. aṭṭha. 379). Katarasīmāya bhājetabbaṃ? Mahāsivatthero kirāha ‘‘avippavāsasīmāyā’’ti. Tato naṃ āhaṃsu ‘‘avippavāsasīmā nāma tiyojanāpi hoti, evaṃ sante tiyojane ṭhitā lābhaṃ gaṇhissanti, tiyojane ṭhatvā āgantukavattaṃ pūretvā ārāmaṃ pavisitabbaṃ bhavissati, gamiko tiyojanaṃ gantvā senāsanaṃ āpucchissati, nissayapaṭippannassa tiyojanātikkame nissayo paṭippassambhissati, pārivāsikena tiyojanaṃ atikkamitvā aruṇaṃ uṭṭhāpetabbaṃ bhavissati, bhikkhuniyā tiyojane ṭhatvā ārāmappavesanā āpucchitabbā bhavissati, sabbametaṃ upacārasīmāparicchedavasena kātuṃ vaṭṭatīti. Tasmā antoupacārasīmāya leḍḍupātadvayaṃ atikkamitvāpi vasato nissayo tiyojanātikkame nissayo na paṭippassambhatīti siddhaṃ. Kāmañcettha upacārasīmāya tiyojanappamāṇāya, atirekāya vā yathāvuttadosappasaṅgo siyāti. Sā hi āvāsesu vaḍḍhantesu vaḍḍhati, parihāyantesu parihāyatīti vuttattā, tasmā tādisassa vihārassa ante ṭhitā ekā kuṭi vihāroti idhādhippetā. Sāpi tasseva vihārassa kuṭikāva hotīti katvā so āvāso hoti. Nānāvāso eva ce adhippeto, ‘‘ante ṭhitā kuṭikā’’ti na vattabbaṃ. Dvinnaṃ leḍḍupātānaṃ abbhantare pana aparikkhitte nānāvāse nissayo na paṭippassambhatīti yvāyaṃ ‘‘no takko’’ti vutto, so tādise nānāvāse senāsanaggāhassa appaṭippassaddhinayena vutto. Senāsanaggāho hi ‘‘gahaṇena gahaṇaṃ ālayo paṭippassambhatī’’ti lakkhaṇattā itarattha paṭippassambhati. Tatrāyaṃ pāḷi ‘‘tena kho pana samayena āyasmā upanando sakyaputto eko dvīsu āvāsesu vassaṃ vasi…pe… detha, bhikkhave, moghapurisassa ekādhippāya’’nti (mahāva. 364). Aṭṭhakathāyañcassa evaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘idañca nānālābhehi nānūpacārehi ekasīmavihārehi kathitaṃ, nānāsīmavihāre pana senāsanaggāho paṭippassambhatī’’ti (mahāva. aṭṭha. 364). Aparikkhittā nānāvāsā ekūpacārasaṅkhyaṃ gacchanti. Parikkhittañca ekūpacāraṃ aparikkhittasaṅkhyaṃ gacchati. Ettāvatā leḍḍupātadvayabbhantare aparikkhitte aññasmiṃ vihāre vasato nissayo pana na paṭippassambhati, parikkhitte paṭippassambhati evāti ayamattho sādhitoti. Etthāha – dve leḍḍupāte atikkamitvāva satopi nissayo na paṭippassambhati. Vuttañhi nissaggiyaṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘sace gacchantānaṃyeva asampattesu daharesu aruṇaṃ uggacchati, cīvaraṃ nissaggiyaṃ hoti, nissayo pana na paṭippassambhatī’’ti (pārā. aṭṭha. 2.495)? Vuccate – taṃ upajjhāyena samāgame saussāhatāya vuttaṃ. Idha dhuvavāsaṃ sandhāya, tasmā aññamaññaṃ na vilomenti. Keci pana ‘‘dve leḍḍupātaṃ atikkammāti idaṃ devasikaṃ ārocetvā vasanavasena vutta’’nti vadanti, taṃ tesaṃ matimattamevāti mama takko. Devasikaṃ ārocetvā vatthabbanti hi neva pāḷiyaṃ na aṭṭhakathāyaṃ dissati, tañca pana apakataññūhi āciṇṇanti veditabbaṃ.
Nissayapaṭippassaddhikathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Upasampādetabbapañcakakathāvaṇṇanā
84. Na asekkhena sīlakkhandhenātiādi ‘‘attānameva paṭhamaṃ, patirūpe nivesaye’’ti (dha. pa. 158) vacanavasena vuttaṃ, na āpattiaṅgavasena. Nīlasamāyogato nīlaṃ viya vuttaṃ ‘‘asekkhena vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandhenā’’ti. Adhisīle sīlavipanno nāma āpajjitvā avuṭṭhito.
Upasampādetabbapañcakakathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
Aññatitthiyapubbavatthukathāvaṇṇanā
86. Yo so aññatitthiyapubboti ettha dve atthavikappā – tassa pasūrassa bhikkhubhāvaṃ sandhāya aññatitthiyapubbo, so bhikkhu taṃyeva titthāyatanaṃ saṅkamīti ayameko attho. Evaṃ titthiyapakkantako puna gihivesena āgato aññatitthiyapubbo, so āgato na upasampādetabboti ayameko attho. Taṃ aññatitthiyapakkantakaṃ ṭhapetvā ‘‘yo so, bhikkhave, aññatitthiyapubbo’’ti ettha na gihivesadhāraṇova pubbasaddena vutto, kintu tasmiṃ attano yathāsamādinnatitthiyavese ṭhitopi. Diṭṭhivasena atitthiyabhūtattā atitthiyapubbo, so panāgato vibbhanto āgacchati, tassa parivāsadānakiccaṃ natthi. Kiṃ imassa aññatitthiyapubbassa bhikkhuvesaṃ gahetvā saraṇagamanena sāmaṇerapabbajjā jātā, na jātāti? Kiñcettha yadi jātā, ‘‘yo so, bhikkhave, aññopi aññatitthiyapubbo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye ākaṅkhati pabbajjaṃ, ākaṅkhati upasampadaṃ, tassa cattāro māse parivāso dātabbo’’ti (mahāva. 86) vacanaṃ virujjhati. Atha na jātā, parivāsakammavācāya pabbajjāya aparāmasanaṃ virujjhatīti. Tattha mahāvihāravāsino ‘‘sāmaṇerasseva sato parivāso dātabbo’’ti vadanti. Itare tathā na vadanti. Te hi ‘‘evaṃ ārādhako kho bhikkhave aññatitthiyapubbo āgato upasampādetabbo’ti (mahāva. 87) suttapadaṃ pariharitabbaṃ, pure ca pacchā ca ‘aññatitthiyapubbo’ti vacanasāmaññato na sāmaṇero jātoti ce, yadi evaṃ apabbājetvāva upasampādetabboti āpajjati. Tato ca sabbapaṭhamaṃ vuttasuttaṃ virujjhati. ‘Titthāyatanaṃ saṅkanto’ti pāṭhopi na sundaraṃ. Pāṇātipātādīsu aññataraṃ sace bhindati, cattāro māse paripuṇṇepi puna paripūretabbaṃ viya dissati. Vuttampi tassa saṃvaraṃ bhikkhukaraṇatthāya anuññātattā sīle vattabbaṃ natthī’’ti vadanti, vicāretvā gahetabbaṃ. Saraṇāni sace bhijjanti sāmaṇerasseva.
Aññatitthiyapubbavatthukathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.