9. Kammappaṭibāhanasikkhāpadavaṇṇanā
Navame dhammikānaṃ kammānanti dhammena vinayena satthusāsanena katānaṃ apalokanakammaṃ ñattikammaṃ ñattidutiyakammaṃ ñatticatutthakammanti imesaṃ catunnaṃ kammānaṃ. Tatrāyaṃ saṅkhepato kammavinicchayo – tatra apalokanakammaṃ nāma samaggassa saṅghassa anumatiyā taṃ taṃ vatthuṃ kittetvā ‘‘ruccati saṅghassā’’ti tikkhattuṃ sāvetvā kattabbaṃ kammaṃ vuccati. Samaggasseva pana saṅghassa anumatiyā ekāya ñattiyā kattabbaṃ kammaṃ ñattikammaṃ nāma. Ekāya ñattiyā ceva anussāvanāya ca kattabbaṃ kammaṃ ñattidutiyakammaṃ nāma. Ekāya pana ñattiyā tīhi ca anussāvanāhi kattabbaṃ kammaṃ ñatticatutthakammaṃ nāma.
Tesu apalokanakammaṃ (pari. 496; pari. aṭṭha. 495-496) pañca ṭhānāni gacchati osāraṇaṃ nissāraṇaṃ bhaṇḍukammaṃ brahmadaṇḍaṃ kammalakkhaṇanti. Tattha kaṇṭakasāmaṇerassa nāsanā viya nissāraṇā, tādisaṃyeva sammāvattantaṃ disvā pavesanā ‘osāraṇā’ti veditabbā. Pabbajjāpekkhassa kesacchedanāpucchanaṃ bhaṇḍukammaṃ (mahāva. 98) nāma. Mukharassa bhikkhuno bhikkhū duruttavacanehi ghaṭṭentassa ‘‘itthannāmo bhikkhu mukharo bhikkhū duruttavacanehi ghaṭṭento viharati, so bhikkhu yaṃ iccheyya, taṃ vadeyya, bhikkhūhi itthannāmo bhikkhu neva vattabbo, na ovādānusāsaniṃ kattabbo, na ovaditabbo’’ti ‘‘saṅghaṃ, bhante, pucchāmi ‘itthannāmassa bhikkhuno brahmadaṇḍassa dānaṃ ruccati saṅghassā’ti, dutiyampi pucchāmi, tatiyampi pucchāmi ‘itthannāmassa, bhante, bhikkhuno brahmadaṇḍassa dānaṃ ruccati saṅghassā’’’ti evaṃ kattabbaṃ kammaṃ brahmadaṇḍaṃ (cūḷava. 445) nāma. Yaṃ pana bhagavatā bhikkhunīnaṃ ūruṃ vivaritvā dassanādivatthūsu ‘‘avandiyo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu bhikkhunisaṅghena kātabbo’’ti (cūḷava. 411) evaṃ avandiyakammaṃ anuññātaṃ, yaṃ bhikkhunīhi ‘‘ayye, asuko nāma ayyo bhikkhunīnaṃ appasādanīyaṃ dasseti, etassa ayyassa avandiyakaraṇaṃ ‘ruccati bhikkhunisaṅghassā’’’ti evaṃ upassaye nisinnāheva bhikkhunīhi kattabbaṃ, evarūpaṃ kammaṃ yasmā tassa kammaṃyeva lakkhaṇaṃ na osāraṇādīni, tasmā kammalakkhaṇanti vuccati. Idañca kammalakkhaṇaṃ nāma bhikkhunimūlakaṃ paññattaṃ, apica bhikkhūnampi labbhati, tasmā bhikkhūhipi acchinnacīvarakādīnaṃ cīvarādīni vā dentehi, paribhuñjitabbāni apanetabbānipi vatthūni paribhuñjantehi vā, apanentehi vā, tathārūpaṃ vā dhammikaṃ katikaṃ karontehi tikkhattuṃ sāvetvā apalokanakammaṃ kātabbaṃ, sabbañhetaṃ kammalakkhaṇameva pavisati, iti apalokanakammaṃ pañca ṭhānāni gacchati.
Ñattikammaṃ pana nava ṭhānāni gacchati osāraṇaṃ nissāraṇaṃ uposathaṃ pavāraṇaṃ sammutiṃ dānaṃ paṭiggahaṃ paccukkaḍḍhanaṃ kammalakkhaṇanti. Tattha ‘‘suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho, itthannāmo itthannāmassa āyasmato upasampadāpekkho, anusiṭṭho so mayā, yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, itthannāmo āgaccheyya, ‘āgacchāhī’ti vattabbo’’ti (mahāva. 126) evaṃ upasampadāpekkhassa osāraṇā osāraṇā nāma. ‘‘Suṇantu me āyasmantā, ayaṃ itthannāmo bhikkhu dhammakathiko, imassa neva suttaṃ āgacchati, no suttavibhaṅgo, so atthaṃ asallakkhetvā byañjanacchāyāya atthaṃ paṭibāhati, yadāyasmantānaṃ pattakallaṃ, itthannāmaṃ bhikkhuṃ vuṭṭhāpetvā avasesā imaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasameyyāmā’’ti evaṃ ubbhāhikavinicchaye (cūḷava. 233) dhammakathikassa bhikkhuno nissāraṇā nissāraṇā nāma. ‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho, ajjuposatho…pe… uposathaṃ kareyyā’’ti evaṃ uposathakammavasena ṭhapitā ñatti uposatho nāma. ‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho, ajja pavāraṇā pannarasī, yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho pavāreyyā’’ti (mahāva. 210) evaṃ pavāraṇākammavasena ṭhapitā ñatti pavāraṇā nāma. ‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho, itthannāmo itthannāmassa upasampadāpekkho, yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, ahaṃ itthannāmaṃ anusāseyya’’nti, ‘‘yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, itthannāmo itthannāmaṃ anusāseyyā’’ti (mahāva. 126) evaṃ attānaṃ vā paraṃ vā sammannituṃ ṭhapitā ñatti sammuti nāma. ‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho, imaṃ cīvaraṃ itthannāmassa bhikkhuno nissaggiyaṃ saṅghassa nissaṭṭhaṃ, yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho imaṃ cīvaraṃ itthannāmassa bhikkhuno dadeyyā’’ti (pārā. 464) evaṃ nissaṭṭhacīvarapattādīnaṃ dānaṃ dānaṃ nāma. ‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho, ayaṃ itthannāmo bhikkhu āpattiṃ sarati vivarati uttāniṃ karoti deseti, yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, ahaṃ itthannāmassa bhikkhuno āpattiṃ paṭiggaṇheyya’’nti, tena vattabbo ‘passasī’ti, ‘āma, passāmī’ti, ‘‘āyatiṃ saṃvareyyāsī’’ti (cūḷava. 239) evaṃ āpattippaṭiggaho paṭiggaho nāma. ‘‘Suṇantu me āyasmantā āvāsikā, yadāyasmantānaṃ pattakallaṃ, idāni uposathaṃ kareyyāma, pātimokkhaṃ uddiseyyāma, āgame kāle pavāreyyāmā’’ti (mahāva. 240) evaṃ katappavāraṇappaccukkaḍḍhanā paccukkaḍḍhanā nāma. Tiṇavattārakasamathe (cūḷava. 212) sabbasaṅgāhikañatti, ekekasmiṃ pakkhe ekekā ñatti cāti tissopi ñattiyo kammalakkhaṇaṃ nāma. Iti ñattikammaṃ nava ṭhānāni gacchati.
Ñattidutiyakammaṃ satta ṭhānāni gacchati osāraṇaṃ nissāraṇaṃ sammutiṃ dānaṃ uddhāraṃ desanaṃ kammalakkhaṇanti. Tattha bhikkhūnaṃ alābhāya parisakkanādikehi aṭṭhahi aṅgehi samannāgatassa upāsakassa saṅghena asambhogakaraṇatthaṃ pattanikkujjanavasena nissāraṇā nissāraṇā nāma. Tasseva sammāvattantassa pattukkujjanavasena osāraṇā ca veditabbā, sā khuddakakkhandhake vaḍḍhalicchavivatthusmiṃ (cūḷava. 265-266) vuttā. Sīmāsammuti ticīvarena avippavāsasammutisanthatasammutibhattuddesakasenāsanaggāhāpakabhaṇḍāgārikacīvarappaṭiggāhakayāgubhājakaphalabhājakakhajjabhājakaappamattakavissajjakasāṭiyaggāhapakapattaggāhāpakaārāmikapesakasāmaṇerapesakasammutīti etāsaṃ sammutīnaṃ vasena sammuti veditabbā. Kathinacīvaramatakacīvaradānavasena dānaṃ veditabbaṃ. Kathinuddhāravasena uddhāro veditabbo. Kuṭivatthuvihāravatthudesanāvasena desanā veditabbā. Yā pana tiṇavatthārakasamathe (cūḷava. 212 ādayo) ekasmiṃ pakkhe ekā, ekasmiṃ pakkhe ekāti dve ñattidutiyakammavācā vuttā, yā ca mohāropanādīsu kammavācā (pāci. 446) vuttā, tāsaṃ vasena kammalakkhaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ, iti ñattidutiyakammaṃ satta ṭhānāni gacchati.
Ñatticatutthakammampi satteva ṭhānāni gacchati osāraṇaṃ nissāraṇaṃ sammutiṃ dānaṃ niggahaṃ samanubhāsanaṃ kammalakkhaṇanti. Tattha tajjanīyakammādīnaṃ (cūḷava. 1 ādayo) sattannaṃ kammānaṃ vasena nissāraṇā, tesaṃyeva kammānaṃ paṭippassambhanavasena osāraṇā ca veditabbā, bhikkhunovādakasammutivasena (pāci. 146-147) sammuti, parivāsadāna(caūḷava. 102) mānattadānavasena (cūḷava. 105) dānaṃ, mūlāyapaṭikassanavasena (cūḷava. 110) niggaho, ukkhittānuvattikā, aṭṭha yāvatatiyakā, ariṭṭho (pāci. 417), caṇḍakāḷī (pāci. 709) cāti ime te yāvatatiyakāti imāsaṃ ekādasannaṃ samanubhāsanānaṃ vasena samanubhāsanā, upasampadākammaabbhānakammavasena kammalakkhaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ. Iti ñatticatutthakammaṃ satta ṭhānāni gacchati.
Imesu pana catūsu kammesu apalokanakammaṃ apaloketvāva kātabbaṃ, ñattikammādivasena na kātabbaṃ. Ñattikammampi ekaṃ ñattiṃ ṭhapetvāva kātabbaṃ, apalokanakammādivasena na kātabbaṃ. Ñattidutiyakammaṃ pana apaloketvā kātabbampi atthi akātabbampi, tattha sīmāsammuti sīmāsamūhananaṃ (mahāva. 139-140, 144 ādayo) kathinacīvaradānaṃ kathinuddhāro kuṭivatthudesanā vihāravatthudesanāti imāni cha kammāni garukāni apaloketvā kātuṃ na vaṭṭanti, ñattidutiyakammavācaṃ sāvetvāva kātabbāni. Avasesā terasa sammutiyo senāsanaggāhāpakamatakacīvaradānasammutiyo cāti etāni lahukammāni apaloketvāpi kātuṃ vaṭṭanti, ñattikammādivasena pana na kātabbāneva. Ñatticatutthakammampi sakalakkhaṇeneva kātabbaṃ, na sesakammavasena. Evaṃ attano attano lakkhaṇeneva vatthuñattianussāvanāsīmāparisāsampattiyā katāni etāni kammāni dhammena vinayena satthusāsanena katattā dhammo etesu atthīti dhammikāni nāma honti, iti etesaṃ dhammikānaṃ kammānaṃ chandaṃ datvā pacchā khīyanadhammaṃ āpajjantassa vācāya vācāya pācittiyaṃ.
Sāvatthiyaṃ chabbaggiye ārabbha khīyanadhammāpajjanavatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ, sādhāraṇapaññatti, anāṇattikaṃ, dhammakamme vematikassa, adhammakamme dhammakammasaññino, vematikassa ca dukkaṭaṃ. Adhammakammasaññissa, ‘‘adhammena vā vaggena vā nakammārahassa vā kammaṃ karontī’’ti ñatvā khīyantassa, ummattakādīnañca anāpatti. Dhammakammatā, dhammakammasaññitā, chandaṃ datvā khīyananti imānettha tīṇi aṅgāni. Samuṭṭhānādīni adinnādānasadisāneva, idaṃ pana dukkhavedananti.
Kammappaṭibāhanasikkhāpadavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.