Lokuttarakusalavaṇṇanā

Evaṃ tividhampi lokiyakusalaṃ niddisitvā idāni lokuttarakusalaṃ niddisanto āha ‘‘itaraṃ panā’’tiādi. Lujjanapalujjanaṭṭhena loko, so tividho – saṅkhāraloko sattaloko bhājanalokoti. Tato idaṃ uttaratīti lokuttaraṃ. Cattāropi hi maggā upādānakkhandhasaṅkhātasaṅkhāralokato uttaranti anāsavabhāvena. Sattalokesu ca sotāpattimaggo anariyalokato uttarati, sakadāgāmimaggo sotāpannalokato, anāgāmimaggo sakadāgāmilokato, arahattamaggo anāgāmilokato uttarati. Bhājanalokesu pana paṭhamamaggo apāyalokato uttarati, sakadāgāmimaggo kāmalokekadesato, anāgāmimaggo sakalakāmalokato, arahattamaggo rūpārūpalokato uttarati. Iti catubbidhampi maggacittaṃ tividhalokato uttaratīti lokuttaraṃ, kucchitasalanādito pana kusalaṃ, cintanādito cittañcāti lokuttarakusalacittaṃ. Phalaṃ pana lokato uttiṇṇattā lokuttaraṃ, ubhayampi vā saha nibbānena upādānakkhandhasaṅkhātalokato uttaraṃ visiṭṭhataranti lokuttaraṃ. Yathāha ‘‘yāvatā, bhikkhave, dhammā saṅkhatā vā asaṅkhatā vā, virāgo tesaṃ dhammānaṃ aggamakkhāyatī’’ti (a. ni. 4.34; itivu. 90).

Niyatāniyatavatthukabhedatoti sotāpattimaggassa paratoghosapaccayena vinā anuppajjanato arūpabhave sambhavo natthīti taṃ niyatavatthukaṃ, itaraṃ pana sattavidhampi paratoghosaṃ vināpi vipassanābaleneva nipphajjanato tatthāpi sambhavatīti aniyatavatthukaṃ.

Tīhi…pe… tividhanti lokuttaravimokkhānaṃ dvārabhāvato vimokkhamukhasaṅkhātāhi suññatānupassanādīhi tīhi vuṭṭhānagāminivipassanāhi pattabbato idaṃ lokuttarakusalaṃ tividhaṃ suññataṃ animittaṃ appaṇihitanti. Katame pana te lokuttaravimokkhāti? Nava lokuttaradhammā. Yathāha ‘‘cattāro ca ariyamaggā cattāri ca sāmaññaphalāni nibbānañca, ayaṃ anāsavo vimokkho’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.213). Imāni hi saṃkilesadhammehi suṭṭhu vimuttattā vimokkhā nāma. Tāni pana paccekaṃ suññato vimokkho, animitto vimokkho, appaṇihito vimokkhoti tividhāni. Yathāha ‘‘tayome, bhikkhave, vimokkhā – suññato vimokkho, animitto vimokkho, appaṇihito vimokkho’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.209). Idha pana kusalādhikārattā catumaggasaṅkhātāyeva lokuttaradhammā adhippetā.

Suññatādināmalābho ca nesaṃ āgamanato, saguṇato, ārammaṇato ca veditabbo. Tathā hi āgacchati maggo, phalañca etenāti āgamanaṃ. Tañhi duvidhaṃ maggāgamanaṃ, phalāgamanañca. Tesu vuṭṭhānagāminivipassanā maggāgamanaṃ, ariyamaggo phalāgamanaṃ. Tattha maggassa āgataṭṭhāne maggāgamanaṃ gahetabbaṃ, phalassa āgataṭṭhāne phalāgamanaṃ. Idha pana maggassa āgatattā maggāgamanaṃ gahitanti. Tato āgamanato. Saguṇatoti sabhāvato. Ārammaṇatoti ārammaṇadhammato.

Yo hi sabbasaṅkhārānaṃ anattalakkhaṇapaṭivedhavasappavattāya anattānupassanāya vasena maggaṃ paṭilabhati, tassa sā anupassanā asuññattakarānaṃ attābhinivesapaccayānaṃ diṭṭhekaṭṭhakilesānaṃ vikkhambhitabhāvena tebhūmakadhammānaṃ attasuññatāya yāthāvato gahaṇato suññatānupassanā nāma hoti. Tāya pana paṭiladdhamaggo suññatāya āgatattā suññato nāma. Tenāha ‘‘anattato manasikaronto suññatavimokkhena vimuccatī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.227).

Yo pana sabbasaṅkhārānaṃ aniccalakkhaṇapaṭivedhavasappavattāya aniccānupassanāya maggaṃ paṭilabhati, tassa sā anupassanā niccanimittādigāhakarānaṃ kilesānaṃ vikkhambhitattā dhuvabhāvūpaṭṭhānasaṅkhātaniccanimittādino aggahaṇato animittānupassanā nāma. Tāya pana laddhamaggo animittāya āgatattā animitto nāma. Tenāha ‘‘aniccato manasikaronto animittavimokkhena vimuccatī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.227).

Yo pana sabbasaṅkhārānaṃ dukkhalakkhaṇapaṭivedhavasappavattāya dukkhānupassanāya vasena maggaṃ paṭilabhati, tassa sā anupassanā taṇhāpaṇidhānassa vikkhambhanena paṇidhivirahitattā appaṇihitānupassanā nāma. Tāya pana laddhamaggo appaṇihitāya āgatattā appaṇihito nāma. Tenāha ‘‘dukkhato manasikaronto appaṇihitavimokkhena vimuccatī’’ti. Ayaṃ tāvassa āgamanavasena nāmalābho.

Attano pana rāgādīhi suññatattā, niccanimittādivirahitattā, taṇhāpaṇidhiabhāvato ca saguṇato, rāgādisuññasseva, niccanimittādivirahitassa, paṇidhivippamuttassa ca nibbānassa ārammaṇakaraṇato ārammaṇato ca suññatādivimokkho nāma hotīti evamassa saguṇārammaṇehi nāmalābho daṭṭhabbo. So ca kho suttantapariyāyeneva, no abhidhammapariyāyena. Suttantakathā hi pariyāyadesanā, itarā nippariyāyadesanā, tasmā saguṇārammaṇato nāmassa sabbasādhāraṇabhāvena avavatthānakarattā pariyāyabhāvato suttantapariyāyeneva lābho, āgamanato pana abhidhammapariyāyenapi vavatthānakarabhāvena nippariyāyattā. Teneva hi ācariyena ‘‘tīhi vimokkhamukhehi pattabbato tividha’’nti vimokkhamukhameva dhuraṃ katvā vuttaṃ, na ‘‘suññatādināmato tividha’’nti. Animittanāmaṃ panettha āgamanatopi suttantapariyāyeneva labbhati abhidhamme maggaṃ pati animittanāmassa anuddhatattā. Anuddhaṭattaṃ pana na anuddharitabbatāmattena, atha kho nippariyāyato tassa magge alabbhanato. Kiñcāpi hi ayaṃ vipassanā niccanimittaṃ ugghāṭentī pavattati, saṅkhāranimittassa pana anissajjanato na nippariyāyato animittanāmaṃ labhati. Yaṃ panetaṃ sutte –

‘‘Animittañca bhāvehi, mānānusayamujjaha;

Tato mānābhisamayā, upasanto carissasī’’ti. (su. ni. 344) –

Maggassa animittabhāvavacanaṃ, taṃ yathāvuttapariyāyavasena labbhamānaṃ gahetvā vuttaṃ. Abhidhamme pana yā sayampi nippariyāyato animittanāmaṃ na labhati, sā kathaṃ maggassa taṃ dadeyyāti maggassa animittanāmaṃ na uddhaṭaṃ. Yadi evaṃ suññatanāmenapi idaṃ samānaṃ. Anattānupassanāpi hi kiñcāpi puggalasuññataṃ gaṇhāti, dhammasuññataṃ pana na gaṇhātīti sayaṃ nippariyāyena suññatānupassanā nāma na hotīti suññatanāmampi maggassa na dadeyya. Atha puggalasuññatāggahaṇamattena sayaṃ suññatānupassanā hutvā maggassa taṃ dadeyya, aniccānupassanāpi saṅkhāranimittassa gahaṇepi niccanimittādiugghāṭanato sayaṃ animittānupassanā hutvā maggassa animittanāmaṃ dadeyyāti? Na idamevaṃ, niccādinimittugghāṭanena animittabhāvassa nippariyāyena magge alabbhanato niccādinimittugghāṭanassapi pariyāyabhāvato. Nanu idampi sabbattha samānaṃ. Suññataappaṇihitabhāvopi hi nippariyāyena amagge na labbhati puggalasuññataggahaṇassa, paṇidhisosanassa ca ujukaṃ maggeneva nipphajjanato, tasmā suññatānupassanāpi appaṇihitānupassanāpi pariyāyeneva taṃ taṃ nāmaṃ labhantīti maggassa nippariyāyato nāmaṃ na dentīti? Na, tato laddhaariyamaggassa nippariyāyato sampayuttadhammavaseneva suññataappaṇihitanāmasambhavato. Kathaṃ? Ṭhapetvā buddhuppādaṃ sarabhaṅgasatthārādikālepi dubbijānīyabhāvena sukhumassa anattalakkhaṇassa paññāya eva gocarabhāvato anattānupassanāya anupassanato maggakkhaṇe paññindriyaṃ adhimattaṃ hoti. Yathāha – ‘‘anattato manasikaroto paññindriyaṃ adhimattaṃ hotī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.221).

Tañca pana sayaṃ attābhinivesasamugghāṭanato, ariyamaggapariyāpannattā ca nippariyāyatova suññatanāmaṃ labhati. Dukkhānupassanāya samādhivipaccanīkassa paṇidhisaṅkhātarāgassa sosanato tassā vasena anupassantassa maggakkhaṇe samādhindriyaṃ adhimattaṃ hoti. Yathāha – ‘‘dukkhato manasikaroto samādhindriyaṃ adhimattaṃ hotī’’ti. Tañca pana sayaṃ paṇidhisosanato, ariyamaggapariyāpannattā ca nippariyāyatova appaṇihitanāmaṃ labhati. Sabbasaṅkhārānaṃ pana aniccabhāvaṃ āgamanato sutvā pacchā sayaṃ paccakkhato passato ‘‘aniccameva vata so bhagavā ‘anicca’nti āhā’’ti bhagavati saddhābāhullapaṭilābhato aniccānupassanāya manasikaroto maggakkhaṇe saddhindriyaṃ adhimattaṃ hoti. Yathāha – ‘‘aniccato manasikaroto saddhindriyaṃ adhimattaṃ hotī’’ti. Taṃ pana sayaṃ saṅkhāranimittato vuṭṭhahantampi ariyamaggapariyāpannaṃ na hotīti nippariyāyato animittanāmaṃ na labhati, tasmā yathā kāyakammādhikaṃ cittaṃ ‘‘kāyakamma’’nti vuccati, evaṃ suññatasaṅkhātapaññindriyādhimatto maggo suññatanāmaṃ labhati, appaṇihitasaṅkhātasamādhindriyādhimatto appaṇihitanāmaṃ, saddhindriyādhimatto pana saddhāya animittanāmālābhato sayampi taṃ na labhati. Yadi sampayuttadhammavasena suññatādināmālābho, atha kathaṃ ‘‘āgamanato’’ti vuttaṃ? Saccaṃ, āgamanato adhimattassa pana indriyassa vasena laddhanāmampi āgamanatova laddhaṃ hoti.

Atha vā abhidhammapariyāyenapi suññatabhāvo nāma puggalasuññatāyevāti puggalasuññataggāhitāya anattānupassanāya suññatanāmaṃ nippariyāyatova labbhati. Paṇidhi nāma rāgādikā evāti rāgādisositāya dukkhānupassanāya appaṇihitanāmampi nippariyāyatova labbhati.

Nimittanti pana ṭhapetvā suttantapariyāyaṃ abhidhammapariyāyena saṅkhāranimittaṃ hotīti saṅkhāranimittaggāhitāya aniccānupassanāya animittanāmaṃ nippariyāyato na labbhati, tasmā nippariyāyato suññataappaṇihitanāmikānaṃ anattadukkhānupassanānaṃ vasena paṭiladdhamaggo āgamanato suññataappaṇihitanāmaṃ labhati, animittanāmaṃ pana pariyāyatova labhati. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘animittanāmaṃ panettha āgamanatopi suttantapariyāyeneva labbhati abhidhamme maggaṃ pati animittanāmassa anuddhaṭattā’’ti. Iti imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ vimokkhānaṃ pavesanadvārabhāvato suññatānupassanādināmikā anattānupassanādikā tisso anukkamena balavabhāvaṃ patvā vuṭṭhānagāminivipassanābhūtā tīṇi vimokkhamukhānīti veditabbāni. Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘Tīṇi kho panimāni vimokkhamukhāni lokaniyyānāya saṃvattanti, sabbasaṅkhāre paricchedaparivaṭumato samanupassanatāya animittāya ca dhātuyā cittasampakkhandanatāya, sabbasaṅkhāresu manosamuttejanatāya appaṇihitāya ca dhātuyā cittasampakkhandanatāya, sabbadhamme parato samanupassanatāya suññatāya ca dhātuyā cittasampakkhandanatāya, imāni tīṇi vimokkhamukhāni lokaniyyānāya saṃvattantī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.219).

Ettha hi paricchedaparivaṭumatoti udayabbayavasena paricchedato ceva parivaṭumato ca. Aniccānupassanā hi ‘‘udayato pubbe saṅkhārā natthī’’ti paricchinditvā tesaṃ gatiṃ samannesamānā vayato paraṃ na gacchanti, ettheva antaradhāyantīti parivaṭumato pariyantato samanupassati. Samanupassanatāyāti sammadeva anupassanatāya saṃvattantīti sambandho. Manosamuttejanatāyāti cittasaṃvejanatāya. Dukkhānupassanena hi saṅkhāresu cittaṃ saṃvijjati. Parato samanupassanatāyāti ‘‘nāhaṃ, na mama’’nti evaṃ anattato samanupassanatāya. Iti imāni tīṇi padāni aniccānupassanādīnaṃ tiṇṇaṃ vasena vuttānīti veditabbāni. Teneva ca tadanantare pañhāvissajjane –

‘‘Aniccato manasikaroto khayato saṅkhārā upaṭṭhahanti, dukkhato manasikaroto bhayato saṅkhārā upaṭṭhahanti, anattato manasikaroto suññato saṅkhārā upaṭṭhahantī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.219) –

Vuttaṃ. Nanu cettha abhidhammāvatārassa bhāsamānattā abhidhammapariyāyeneva vimokkhamukhāni ca vavatthapetuṃ yuttanti? Saccaṃ, aniccānupassanāyapi pana maggavuṭṭhānaṃ hotīti pakāsanatthaṃ suttantapariyāyenapi ekaṃ vavatthānaṃ kataṃ, tathā vuṭṭhito pana maggo abhidhammapariyāyena suddhikapaṭipadāyameva saṅgayhatīti daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Catumaggayogabhedatoti sotāpattiādīhi catūhi ariyamaggehi sampayogappabhedato. Ariyamaggānaṃ pana sammādiṭṭhādiaṭṭhaṅgasabhāvattā, tesañca sabbalokuttare atthitāya bhaṅgavasena abhedepi indriyānaṃ apāṭavapāṭavataratamabhāvena sacchikiriyāvisesato kilesānaṃ pahānabhedo hotīti taṃvasena catubbidhatā daṭṭhabbā. Tenevāha ‘‘sakkāyadiṭṭhivicikicchā’’tiādi. Sati vijjamāne pañcakkhandhasaṅkhāte kāye diṭṭhi sakkāyadiṭṭhi, sayaṃ vā tattha sati diṭṭhi sakkāyadiṭṭhi, pañcasu khandhesu attattaniyābhinivesavasena pavattāya micchādiṭṭhiyā etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Sā pana ekekasmiṃ khandhe catudhā abhinivesanavasena vīsatividhā hoti. Tathā hi koci rūpaṃ attato samanupassati ‘‘yaṃ rūpaṃ, so attā, yo attā, taṃ rūpaṃ, yathā dīpassa vaṇṇoyeva acci, acciyeva vaṇṇo’’ti. Rūpavantaṃ vā attānaṃ samanupassati, chāyāvantaṃ viya rukkhaṃ. Attani vā rūpaṃ, pupphe viya gandhaṃ. Rūpasmiṃ vā attānaṃ, samugge viya maṇi. Evaṃ vedanādīsupi ‘‘vedanaṃ attato samanupassatī’’tiādinā yojetabbaṃ. Tattha yo pañcavidho abyatirittaattābhiniveso, sā ucchedadiṭṭhi. Yo pana pannarasavidho byatirittaattābhiniveso, sā sassatadiṭṭhīti veditabbaṃ.

Sabhāvaṃ vicinanto tāya kicchati kilamatīti vicikicchā, tikicchituṃ dukkaratāya vā vigatā cikicchā ñāṇapatikāro imissāti vicikicchā. Sā pana –

‘‘Satthari kaṅkhati vicikicchati, dhamme, saṅghe, sikkhāya, pubbante, aparante, pubbantāparante, idappaccayatāpaṭiccasamuppannesu dhammesu kaṅkhati vicikicchatī’’ti (dha. sa. 1008 thokaṃ. visadisaṃ) –

Evaṃ buddhādīsu kaṅkhāvasena aṭṭhavatthukā,

‘‘Ahosiṃ nu kho ahamatītamaddhānaṃ, na nu kho ahosiṃ, kiṃ nu kho ahosiṃ, kathaṃ nu kho ahosiṃ, kiṃ hutvā kiṃ ahosiṃ nu kho ahamatītamaddhānaṃ, bhavissāmi nu kho ahamanāgatamaddhānaṃ, na nu kho bhavissāmi, kiṃ nu kho bhavissāmi, kathaṃ nu kho bhavissāmi, kiṃ hutvā kiṃ bhavissāmi nu kho ahamanāgatamaddhānaṃ, etarahi vā pana paccuppannamaddhānaṃ ajjhattaṃ kathaṃkathī hoti, ahaṃ nu khosmi, no nu khosmi, kiṃ nu khosmi, kathaṃ nu khosmi, ayaṃ nu kho satto kuto āgato, so kuhiṃ gāmī bhavissatī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.18; saṃ. ni. 2.20) –

Evaṃ pubbantādayo ārabbha pavattivasena soḷasavatthukā ca niddiṭṭhā.

Tattha satthari kaṅkhanto tassa rūpakāyadhammakāyānaṃ vijjamānataṃ, avijjamānatañca kaṅkhati, dhamme kaṅkhanto tassa svākkhātadvākkhātabhāve kaṅkhati, saṅghe kaṅkhanto tassa suppaṭipannavippaṭipannatādibhāve kaṅkhati, sikkhāya kaṅkhanto tassā supaññattaduppaññattabhāvaṃ kaṅkhati, pubbante kaṅkhanto sassatākāraṃ, adhiccasamuppattiākārañca nissāya atīte attano vijjamānataṃ, avijjamānatañca kaṅkhati, aparante kaṅkhanto sassatākāraṃ, ucchedākārañca nissāya anāgate attano uppattiṃ, anuppattiñca kaṅkhati, pubbantāparante kaṅkhanto paccuppanne attano atthibhāvaṃ, natthibhāvañca kaṅkhati. Paccuppanno hi addhā pubbabhāgāparabhāgakoṭṭhāsavantatāya ‘‘pubbantāparanto’’ti vuccati, yuttaṃ pana taṃ ārabbha kaṅkhājanananti? Yuttaṃ, ayuttanti kā ettha cintā. Ummattako viya hi bālaputhujjano. Tasmā so yaṃ kiñci kaṅkhatiyeva. Teneva ca soḷasavatthukavicikicchāniddese ‘‘etarahi vā panā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Ācariyā pana ‘‘pubbantāparantoti atītānāgate ekajjhaṃ gahetvā tadubhayamārabbha kaṅkhanto pubbantāparante kaṅkhatī’’tipi vadanti. Idappaccayatāpaṭiccasamuppannesu dhammesu kaṅkhanto pana avijjādīnaṃ paccayānaṃ, saṅkhārādīnañca paccayuppannānaṃ hetuhetusamuppannabhāvassa sabbhāvāsabbhāvaṃ kaṅkhatīti evaṃ tāva aṭṭhavatthukakaṅkhāya pavatti veditabbā.

Soḷasavatthukā pana ‘‘ahosiṃ nu kho…pe… na nu kho ahosi’’nti kaṅkhanto vuttanayeneva atīte attano vijjamānāvijjamānataṃ kaṅkhati. Kiṃ nu kho ahosinti jātiliṅgupapattiyo nissāya ‘‘khattiyo nu kho ahosiṃ, brāhmaṇādīsu gahaṭṭhādīsu devādīsu aññataro nu kho’’ti kaṅkhati. Kathaṃ nu khoti saṇṭhānākāraṃ nissāya ‘‘dīgho nu kho ahosiṃ, rassaodātakāḷādīnañca aññataro’’ti kaṅkhati. Issaranimmānādīni nissāya ‘‘kena nu kho pakārena ahosi’’nti nibbattanākārato kaṅkhatīti vadanti. Kiṃ hutvā kiṃ ahosinti jātiādīni nissāya ‘‘khattiyo hutvā nu kho brāhmaṇo ahosiṃ…pe… devo hutvā nu kho manusso ahosi’’nti attano aparāparaṃ pavattiṃ kaṅkhati. Bhavissāmi nu kho, na nu khoti heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva anāgate attano vijjamānāvijjamānataṃ kaṅkhati. ‘‘Kiṃ nu kho bhavissāmī’’tiādi vuttanayameva. Ahaṃ nu khosmi, na nu khosmīti idāni attano atthibhāvaṃ, natthibhāvañca kaṅkhati. Tattha kāraṇaṃ vuttameva. Kiṃ nu khosmīti khattiyādikova samāno attano khattiyādibhāvaṃ kaṅkhati. Eseva nayo sesesupi. Kathaṃ nu khosmīti ‘‘abbhantare jīvo nāma atthī’’ti gahetvā tassa dīghādibhāvaṃ kaṅkhati. Paccuppannaṃ pana attano sarīrasaṇṭhānaṃ ajānanto nāma natthi. Kuto āgato, kuhiṃ gāmī bhavissatīti attabhāvassa āgatagataṭṭhānāni kaṅkhatīti veditabbaṃ.

Sīlañca vatañca sīlabbataṃ, tattha gosīlādiasuddhimaggo samādānavasena sīlaṃ, avītikkamavasena vataṃ. Ubhayathāpi vā sīlaṃ, tapokammabhāvena gahitattā vataṃ. Gavādipakatibhāvato attano vā gavādibhāvādhiṭṭhānaṃ sīlaṃ, ‘‘gacchanto bhakkheti, tiṭṭhanto muttetī’’tiādinā gavādikiriyāya karaṇaṃ vataṃ. Taṃtaṃakiccasammasato vā nivatti sīlaṃ, taṃsamādānavato vesabhojanakiccacaraṇādivisesapaṭipatti vataṃ. Sabhāvaṃ atikkamma parato āmasanaṃ gahaṇanti parāmāso, sīlabbatassa parāmāso sīlabbataparāmāso. Ito bahiddhā samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ sīlena suddhi, vatena suddhi, sīlabbatena suddhīti evaṃ asuddhimagge ‘‘suddhimaggo’’ti pavattassa micchābhinivesassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Sakkāyadiṭṭhi ca vicikicchā ca sīlabbataparāmāso cāti sakkāya…pe… parāmāso, teyeva kammavipākesu, vaṭṭasmiṃ vā satte saṃyojenti bandhantīti saṃyojanāni, tesaṃ diṭṭhivisuddhiādīhi tadaṅgavasena pahīnānaṃ anuppattidhammatāpādanena accantasamucchedappahānaṃ karotīti sakkā…pe…ppahānakaraṃ.

Nibbānaṃ pati savanato sandanato soto vuccati ariyo aṭṭhaṅgikamaggo, tassa ādito pajjanaṃ sotāpatti, nibbānaṃ maggati, nibbānatthikehi maggīyati, kilese mārento gacchatīti vā maggo, sotāpatti eva maggo sotāpattimaggo. Atha vā sotaṃ ādito pajjati adhigacchatīti sotāpatti, paṭhamo ariyapuggalo, tassa maggo sotāpattimaggo, sammādiṭṭhiādīni aṭṭhaṅgāni, tena sampayuttaṃ cittaṃ sotāpattimaggacittaṃ.

Rajjati abhisajjatīti rāgo, so idha pañcakāmavisayā, kāmabhavavisayā ca taṇhā. Dussatīti doso, dasavidhaāghātavatthupadaṭṭhāno byāpādo. Muyhatīti moho, dukkhādīsu aṭṭhasu aññāṇaṃ. Etesaṃ kilesānaṃ tanuttaṃ tanubhāvaṃ karotīti rāga…pe… tanuttakaraṃ. Tattha dvīhi kāraṇehi tanuttaṃ abhiṇhānuppattito, pariyuṭṭhānamandatāya cāti. Sakadāgāmissa hi vaṭṭānusārimahājanassa viya kilesā abhiṇhaṃ na uppajjanti, kadāci viraḷākārā hutvā uppajjanti, tathā uppajjantāpi maddantā chādentā andhakāraṃ karontā nuppajjanti. Dvīhi pana maggehi pahīnattā mandamandā tanukatanukā uppajjanti. Keci pana sakadāgāmissa kilesā cirena uppajjantāpi bahalāva uppajjanti. Tathā hissa puttadhītaro dissantīti vadanti. Taṃ akāraṇaṃ, vatthupaṭisevanena vināpi gabbhaggahaṇasabbhāvato, tasmā vuttanayeneva dvīhi kāraṇehi nesaṃ tanubhāvo veditabbo. Kasmā panettha mohassa tanubhāvo vutto, nanu tatiyamaggavajjhānameva iminā tanuttakaraṇaṃ vattabbaṃ, itarathā heṭṭhā tīhipi maggehi uparimaggavajjhakilesānaṃ bahalābahalāvatthāya pahīyamānattā idha sabbesameva uddhambhāgiyasaṃyojanānaṃ tanubhāvo vattabbo, teneva ca pāḷiyampi ‘‘kāmarāgabyāpādānaṃ tanubhāvāya dutiyāya bhūmiyā pattiyā’’ti vuttanti. Saccametaṃ, sutte pana uparimaggavajjhānaṃ tanubhāvapariyāyaṃ gahetvā ‘‘rāgadosamohānaṃ tanuttā sakadāgāmī hotī’’ti hetuttayatanubhāvassa āgatattā idhāpi tadanulomena vuttaṃ. ‘‘Kāmarāgabyāpādāna’’micceva vā pāṭho. Tathā hi ettheva upari dutiyamaggañāṇaniddese ‘‘byāpādakāmarāgānaṃ, tanubhāvaṃ tu sādhaya’’nti (abhidha. 1353) vuttaṃ. Paṭisandhivasena sakideva imaṃ manussalokaṃ āgacchatīti sakadāgāmī, tassa maggo sakadāgāmimaggo. Kiñcāpi hi maggaṭṭhassa paṭisandhivasena āgamanāsambhavato phalaṭṭhoyeva sakadāgāmī nāma hoti, tassa pana āgamanabhūto maggo maggantarāvacchedanatthaṃ tadāyattabhāvūpanayanena sakadāgāmimaggoti vuccati, taṃsampayuttaṃ cittaṃ sakadāgāmimaggacittaṃ.

Pañcasu kāmaguṇesu, kāmabhave ca rāgo kāmarāgo. Byāpajjati tena cittanti byāpādo. Paṭisandhivasena imaṃ kāmadhātuṃ na āgacchatīti anāgāmī. Rūpabhave chandarāgo rūparāgo. Arūpabhave chandarāgo arūparāgo. Māno idha arahattādhigamaṃ paṭicca uṇṇatimattaṃ. Uddhaccampi ‘‘ko me bhāro kilesasamucchedane’’ti evamākārappavattaṃ cittassa avūpasamamattaṃ. Avijjāpi asukhe sukhasaññāvipallāso. Ārakattā kilesehi, micchāpaṭipannehi vā, rāgādiarīnaṃ, saṃsāracakkassa arānañca hatattā, paccayādīnaṃ arahattā, rahopi pāpākaraṇena pāpakaraṇe rahassa abhāvā, rahitabbato jahitabbato ‘‘rahā’’ti laddhanāmānaṃ vā pāpadhammānaṃ abhāvato, sādhūhi arahitabbato apariccajitabbato, rahasaṅkhātassa vā gamanassa saṃsāre abhāvato arahā, aṭṭhamo ariyapuggalo, tassa bhāvo arahattaṃ, aggaphalassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Tañhi ‘‘arahā’’ti abhidhānassa, buddhiyā ca pavattinibandhanattā arahato bhāvoti katvā ‘‘arahatta’’nti vuccati, tassa āgamanabhūto maggo arahattamaggo, taṃsampayuttaṃ cittaṃ arahattamaggacittaṃ.

Jhānaṅgayogabhedatoti rūpāvacaraṃ viya pañcahi jhānaṅgehi sampayogabhedato. Kathaṃ panassa bhedoti? Ettha tāva aṭṭhakathāvādo, tayo ca theravādāti cattāro vādā honti. Tathā hi aṭṭhakathāyaṃ tāva ‘‘saṅkhārupekkhābhāvaṃ patvā vuṭṭhānagāminivipassanāmaggassa jhānaṅgaṃ niyametī’’ti vuttaṃ. Tipiṭakacūḷanāgatthero pana ‘‘maggāsannavipassanāya padaṭṭhānabhūtaṃ pādakajjhānaṃ niyametī’’ti āha. Moravāpivāsimahādattatthero ‘‘vipassanāya ārammaṇabhūtā khandhā niyamenti. Yañhi jhānaṃ sammasitvā vuṭṭhāti, taṃsadisova hotī’’ti āha. Tipiṭakacūḷābhayatthero pana ‘‘puggalajjhāsayo niyameti, ‘aho vata pañcaṅgikaṃ, caturaṅgikaṃ vā maggaṃ pāpuṇeyya’ntiādinā yathā yathāssa ajjhāsayo hoti, tathā tathā maggo hotī’’ti āha.

Yasmā pana aṭṭhakathāvādo pamāṇaṃ, tayo ca therā paṇḍitā byattā, tasmā cattāropi vādā aññamaññaṃ appaṭibāhanavasena evaṃ veditabbā. Kathaṃ? Kāmāvacaradhamme tāva sammasitvā sukkhavipassakassa uppannamaggopi samāpattilābhino jhānaṃ pādakaṃ akatvā uppāditamaggopi vipassanāniyāmena paṭhamajjhānikāva honti. Sace pana kiñci jhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā uppādito hoti, tassa vasena aṅgapariṇāmo hotīti taṃtaṃjhānasadiso hoti. Yasmā panettha kāmāvacarakkhandhe ārabbha pavattā vipassanā kāmāvacaradhammesu ca mahaggatadhammesu viya bhāvanāvisesato jhānaṅgaviseso natthi, tasmā ‘‘vipassanāya ārammaṇabhūtā khandhā niyamentī’’ti evaṃ pavatto dutiyattheravādo imaṃ vādaṃ na pavisati. Jhānadhamme sammasitvā uppāditamaggo sace pādakajjhānaṃ natthi, sammasitajjhānaniyāmena taṃtaṃjhāniko hoti. Sace paṭhamajjhānato vuṭṭhāya dutiyādijhāne sammasitvā uppādito, puggalajjhāsayaniyāmena dvīsu aññatarajjhānasadiso hoti. Sace pana puggalassa tathāvidho ajjhāsayo natthi, tadā kathanti? Ettha tāva keci ‘‘nānāvajjanavīthiyameva nivattamānapādakajjhānato ekāvajjanavīthiyaṃ gotrabhubhāvaṃ patvā nivattamānāya vipassanāya ārammaṇabhūtā khandhāyeva balavanto, tasmā sammasitakkhandhaniyāmena taṃsadiso maggo hotī’’ti vadanti. Evañca sati ‘‘pādakajjhānaniyāmena hotī’’ti evaṃ pavatto paṭhamattheravādo pādakajjhānato vuṭṭhāya kāmāvacarakkhandhe sammasitvā uppāditamaggameva sandhāya tiṭṭhatīti.

Apare pana ‘‘pādakajjhānaṃ maggassa mūlakāraṇavasena paccayo hoti āsannakāraṇavasenapi, sammasitakkhandhā pana mūlakāraṇavaseneva paccayā honti, tasmā sammasitakkhandhato pādakajjhānameva balavataranti pādakajjhānasadiso maggo hotī’’ti vadanti. Evaṃ sante pana ‘‘sammasitakkhandhaniyāmenā’’ti evaṃ pavatto dutiyattheravādo samāpattiṃ pādakaṃ akatvā kevalaṃ jhānadhammeyeva sammasitvā uppāditamaggameva sandhāya tiṭṭhati. Yasmā pana heṭṭhimaheṭṭhimajjhānato uparūparijhānaṃ balappattaṃ hoti, tasmā heṭṭhimaheṭṭhimajjhānato vuṭṭhāya uparūparijhānadhamme vipassato uppannamaggo pādakajjhānaṃ anapekkhitvā sammasitajjhānavasena taṃtaṃjhāniko hoti. Uparūparijhānato pana vuṭṭhāya heṭṭhimaheṭṭhimajjhānadhamme sammasitvā uppāditamaggo sammasitajjhānaṃ anapekkhitvā pādakajjhānasadiso hotīti idamettha sārataraṃ. Evañhi sati dvinnampi therānaṃ vādā nippadesavisayā samaphalā honti.

Tatiyattheravādo cettha pādakajjhānaṃ, sammasitajjhānaṃ vā vinā ajjhāsayamatteneva na ijjhati. Tīsupi vādesu ṭhapetvā sesajhānaṅgapariṇāmaṃ vedanāpariṇāmo vipassanāniyāmeneva hoti. Tayopi theravādā vipassanāniyāmena vinā na hontīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Nanu ca vedanāpi jhānaṅgameva, tasmā tāyapi pādakajjhānaniyāmeneva bhavitabbanti? Taṃ na, vedanāyapi pādakajjhānaniyāmena pariṇāme sati vipassanāniyāmaṃ anapekkhitvā pādakajjhānaniyāmeneva maggakkhaṇe sesajhānaṅgāni pariṇāmaṭṭhāneyeva vedanāyapi pariṇāmo bhaveyya, tathā pana ahutvā ekāvajjanavīthiyā āditova pariṇāmanato maggavuṭṭhānavīthiyā āsannatarappavattāya vipassanāya vasena vedanāniyāmo hoti.

Atha vā pādakajjhānasammasitajjhānānaṃ sambhave tesu anuppannā vedanā vipassanāya na hotīti pādakajjhānasammasitajjhānaniyāmena pariṇamatītipi na sakkā vattuṃ. Ettha siyā – yattha tāva pādakajjhānaṃ atthi, tattha taṃ niyameti. Yattha pana tikacatukkapādakajjhānaṃ natthi, tasmiṃ arūpabhave kiṃ niyametīti? Tatthāpi pādakajjhānameva niyameti. Yo hi bhikkhu aṭṭhasamāpattilābhī paṭhamajjhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā sotāpattimaggaphalāni nibbattetvā aparihīnajjhāno kālaṃ katvā arūpabhave nibbatto paṭhamajjhānikāya sotāpattiphalasamāpattiyā vuṭṭhāya vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā upari tīṇi maggaphalāni nibbatteti, tassa tāni paṭhamajjhānikāneva honti. Dutiyajjhānikādīsupi eseva nayo. Arūpepi hi lokuttaraṃ tikacatukkajjhānaṃ uppajjatīti evamettha ekekassa lokuttarakusalassa jhānaṅgayogabhedo veditabboti.

Maggā…pe… nipphādetīti tebhūmakakusalaṃ viya paṭisandhippavattīsu avipaccavantampi attano attano anurūpassa phalassa nipphādanena taṃtaṃphalappatte sotāpanno sakadāgāmī anāgāmī arahāti sāmaññato cattāro ariyapuggale abhinipphādetīti. Visesato pana sattakkhattuparamatādike anekepi sotāpannādayo nipphādeti.

Lokuttarakusalavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.