Rūpāvacarakusalavaṇṇanā

Idāni yasmā kāmāvacarakusalānantaraṃ uddiṭṭhassa rūpāvacarakusalassa niddesāvakāso anuppatto, tasmā taṃ dassanatthaṃ ‘‘itaresū’’tiādi āraddhaṃ. Tattha itaresūti yathāvuttakāmāvacarakusalato itaresu, rūpāvacarādīsūti attho. Savatthukato ekavidhaṃ ekantena vatthusannissitattā. Na hi arūpadhātuyaṃ rūpāvacaradhammā labbhanti rūpavirāgabhāvanāya nibbattattā puna rūpāvacarajjhānasamāpattiyā abhāvato.

Hīnamajjhimapaṇītabhedatoti ettha pubbe viya adhipatīnaṃ hīnādibhāvehi jhānassa hīnādibhāvo yojetabbo. Atha vā paṭiladdhamattamanāsevitaṃ hīnaṃ paridubbalabhāvato, nātisubhāvitaṃ aparipuṇṇavasibhāvaṃ majjhimaṃ, ativiya subhāvitaṃ pana sabbaso paripuṇṇavasibhāvaṃ paṇītaṃ. Tathā uḷārapuññaphalakāmatāvasena pavattitaṃ hīnaṃ, lokiyābhiññatthāya pavattitaṃ majjhimaṃ, vivekakāmatāya ariyabhāve ṭhitena pavattitaṃ paṇītaṃ. Attahitāya vā pavattitaṃ hīnaṃ, kevalaṃ alobhajjhāsayena pavattitaṃ majjhimaṃ, parahitāya pavattitaṃ paṇītaṃ. Vaṭṭajjhāsayena vā pavattitaṃ hīnaṃ, vivekajjhāsayena pavattitaṃ majjhimaṃ, vivaṭṭajjhāsayena lokuttarapādakatthaṃ pavattitaṃ paṇītaṃ.

Paṭipadādibhedatoti dukkhapaṭipadādandhābhiññādīnaṃ paṭipadābhiññānaṃ bhedena. Paṭipadāvacaneneva vā tadavinābhāvato abhiññāpi labbhati. Tathā hettha paṭipadācatukkanti voharantīti ādi-saddena adhipatiādīnaṃ saṅgaho daṭṭhabbo, tasmā paṭipadādibhedatoti paṭipadābhedato, adhipatibhedato, ārammaṇabhedato, hānabhāgiyādibhedatoti attho. Tattha paṭipadābhedato tāva dukkhapaṭipadaṃ dandhābhiññaṃ, dukkhapaṭipadaṃ khippābhiññaṃ, sukhapaṭipadaṃ dandhābhiññaṃ, sukhapaṭipadaṃ khippābhiññanti evaṃ catubbidhaṃ hoti. Tattha dukkhā paṭipadā assāti dukkhapaṭipadaṃ. Dandhā abhiññā assāti dandhābhiññaṃ. Esa nayo ‘‘dukkhapaṭipadaṃ khippābhiñña’’ntiādīsupi.

Tattha appahīnanīvaraṇassa, avikkhambhitajhānanikantikassa ca ñāṇakiccassa aparibyattatāya pariniṭṭhitasakalapubbakiccassa ‘‘pathavī pathavī’’ti vā ‘‘āpo āpo’’ti vā evaṃ pavattapaṭhamasamannāhārato paṭṭhāya yāva tassa tassa jhānassa upacāruppattiyā nīvaraṇappahānaṃ, nikantivikkhambhanañca hoti, tāva pavattā pubbabhāgabhāvanā paṭipadā nāma ‘‘paṭipajjati jhānaṃ etāyā’’ti katvā. Pahīnanīvaraṇassa, pana vikkhambhitajhānanikantikassa ca ñāṇakiccassa paribyattabhāvato upacārajjhānaṃ ādiṃ katvā yāva appanāya uppatti, tāva pavattā paññā pubbabhāgapaññāya visiṭṭhabhāvato abhiññā nāma, tasmā yo ādito kilese jhānanikantiñca vikkhambhento dukkhena sasaṅkhārena sappayogena kilamanto vikkhambheti, vikkhambhitakilesajhānanikanti ca appanāparivāsaṃ vasanto cirena aṅgapātubhāvaṃ pāpuṇāti, tassa dukkhapaṭipadaṃ, dandhābhiññañca jhānaṃ hoti. Yo pana sasaṅkhārena kilesādike vikkhambhetvā na cirena aṅgapātubhāvaṃ pāpuṇāti, tassa dukkhapaṭipadaṃ, khippābhiññañca. Yo kilesādike vikkhambhento sukhena akilamanto vikkhambheti, appanāparivāsaṃ pana cirāyati, tassa sukhapaṭipadaṃ, dandhābhiññaṃ. Yo pana sukheneva kilesādike vikkhambhetvā sīghameva appanaṃ pāpuṇāti, tassa sukhapaṭipadaṃ, khippābhiññanti veditabbaṃ.

So panāyaṃ paṭipadābhiññānaṃ bhedo kilesindriyādhikāravasena veditabbo. Yassa hi rāgādayo kilesā tibbā honti, saddhāpañcamakāni ca indriyāni mudūni. Yo ca samathavipassanāsu akatādhikāro, tassa pavattajhānaṃ dukkhapaṭipadaṃ, dandhābhiññañca hoti. Tassa hi kilesasamudācāratibbatāya nīvaraṇavikkhambhanassa kicchena kasirena samijjhanato paṭipadā dukkhā asukhā, tasseva saddhādīnaṃ indriyānaṃ mudutāya abhiññāpi dandhā mandā asīghappavattinī hoti. Bhavantare vā samathe akatādhikārattā paṭipadā dukkhā, vipassanāya akatādhikārattā abhiññāpi dandhā. Yo pana vuttaviparīto hoti, tassa kilesānaṃ atibbasamudācāratāya, indriyānañca tikhīṇatāya samathavipassanāsu katādhikāratāya yathākkamaṃ sukhapaṭipadā, khippābhiññā ca hoti. Bhavantare kataparicayassa hi yathā paguṇaṃ katvā vissaṭṭhagantho appamattakena payogena suppavatti vācuggato ca hoti, evaṃ bhāvanā appakasireneva ijjhatīti. Svāyaṃ akato, kato ca adhikāro samathanissito paṭipadāyaṃ vutto samādhippadhānattā paṭipadāya. Vipassanānissito abhiññāya ñāṇappadhānattā appanāyāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Yo pana tibbakileso tikkhindriyo vipassanāyameva vā katādhikāro hoti, tassa vuttanayena dukkhā paṭipadā, khippā pana abhiññā hoti, tabbiparītassa sukhapaṭipadā dandhābhiññāti. Tasmā kilesānaṃ tibbamandabhāvato, indriyānaṃ tikhiṇamudubhāvato, pubbaparicayassa ca sambhavāsambhavavasenāti evaṃ kilesindriyādhikāravasena imāsaṃ bhedo veditabbo.

Apica yāni parato sappāyāsappāyāni, palibodhupacchedādīni pubbakiccāni, appanākosallāni ca āgamissanti, tesu yo upacārādhigamato pubbe, pacchā ca asappāyasevī hoti, tassa dukkhā paṭipadā, dandhā ca abhiññā hoti. Ubhayattha sappāyasevino sukhā paṭipadā, khippā ca abhiññā. Yo pana tato pubbabhāge asappāyaṃ sevitvā aparabhāge sappāyasevī hoti, tassa dukkhā paṭipadā, khippā abhiññā. Tabbiparītassa sukhā paṭipadā, dandhā abhiññā ca veditabbā.

Tathā palibodhupacchedādipubbakiccaṃ asampādetvā bhāvanamanuyuñjantassa saparipanthatāya dukkhā paṭipadā, vipariyāyena aparipanthatāya sukhā. Appanākosallāni asampādentassa ñāṇassa avisadatāya dandhā abhiññā hoti, sampādentassa vipariyāyato khippā abhiññāti. Kiñca – taṇhāvijjātibhavanavasena etāsaṃ bhedo veditabbo. Taṇhābhibhūtassa hi dukkhā paṭipadā hoti tassā samādhissa ujupaṭipakkhattā samathapaṭipadāya paripanthakabhāvato, anabhibhūtassa tadabhāvato sukhā. Avijjābhibhūtassa ca tassā paññāya ujupaṭipakkhabhāvato dandhā abhiññā, itarassa khippā abhiññāti. So panāyaṃ paṭipadābhedo kevalaṃ samathabhāvanāvasena paṭiladdhajjhānassa, maggādhigamavasena paṭiladdhajjhānassa pana natthi dukkhapaṭipadādibhedo. Keci pana maggavaseneva tassa paṭipadādibhedaṃ vaṇṇenti ‘‘maggassa hi dukkhapaṭipadādibhāve tasmiṃ dukkhapaṭipadādika’’nti.

Adhipatibhedādīsu pana chandādhipateyyaṃ cittādhipateyyaṃ vīriyādhipateyyaṃ vīmaṃsādhipateyyanti evaṃ adhipatibhedato, parittaṃ parittārammaṇaṃ, parittaṃ appamāṇārammaṇaṃ, appamāṇaṃ parittārammaṇaṃ, appamāṇaṃ appamāṇārammaṇanti evaṃ ārammaṇabhedato, hānabhāgiyaṃ ṭhitibhāgiyaṃ visesabhāgiyaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyanti evaṃ hānabhāgiyādibhedato ca catubbidhatā veditabbā. Tattha ‘‘chandavato ce jhānaṃ nibbattissati, mayhampi nibbattissatī’’ti evaṃ chandaṃ dhuraṃ katvā uppannaṃ chandādhipateyyaṃ. Esa nayo ‘‘cittādhipateyyā’’dīsupi. Appaguṇaṃ pana uparijhānassa paccayo bhavituṃ asakkontaṃ parittaṃ, suppasarāvamattesu avaḍḍhitārammaṇesu nibbattaṃ parittārammaṇaṃ. Vuttapaṭipakkhato pana yathākkamaṃ appamāṇārammaṇādīni veditabbāni. Hānabhāgiyādivisesaṃ sayameva vakkhati.

Jhānaṅgayogabhedatoti katthaci pañca jhānaṅgāni, katthaci cattāri, katthaci tīṇi, katthaci dve, katthaci aparāni dveti evaṃ jhānaṅgānaṃ sampayogabhedato. Nanu cettha kāmāvacarakusale viya saṅkhārabhedo kasmā na gahito. Idampi hi kevalaṃ samathānuyogavasena paṭiladdhaṃ sasaṅkhāraṃ, maggādhigamavasena paṭiladdhamasaṅkhāraṃ, tasmā ‘‘jhānaṅgasaṅkhārayogabhedato dasavidha’’nti vattabbanti? Nayidamevaṃ, maggādhigamavasena sattito paṭiladdhassāpi aparabhāge parikammavaseneva uppajjanato, tasmā sabbassapi jhānassa parikammasaṅkhātapubbābhisaṅkhārena vinā kevalaṃ adhikāravasena anuppajjanato ‘‘asaṅkhāra’’ntipi vattuṃ na sakkā, adhikārena ca vinā kevalaṃ parikammābhisaṅkhāreneva anuppajjanato ‘‘sasaṅkhāra’’ntipi vattuṃ na sakkāti jhānaṅgayogabhedato pañcavidhatā ca vuttāti.

Kāmacchando byāpādo thinamiddhaṃ uddhaccakukkuccaṃ vicikicchāti imāni pañca nīvaraṇāni vippahīnāni etassāti kāmacchanda…pe… vippahīnaṃ. ‘‘Agyāhito’’ti ettha āhita-saddassa viya vippahīna-saddassettha paravacanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Kāmacchandādīhi vā vippahīnaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ tesaṃ pahāyakabhāvenāti kāmacchanda…pe… vippahīnaṃ. Tattha kāmetīti kāmo, chandanaṭṭhena chando cāti kāmacchando, bahalakāmarāgassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Byāpādādīnamatthaṃ vakkhati. Yasmā kāmacchandādīsu appahīnesu jhānaṃ nuppajjati, tasmā tānissa pahānaṅgānīti veditabbāni. Nanu aññepi akusalā dhammā iminā jhānena pahīyanti, atha kasmā pañceva pahānaṅgavasena vuttānīti? Visesena jhānantarāyakarattā. Kāmacchandavasena hi nānāvisayapalobhitaṃ cittaṃ na ekattārammaṇe samādhiyati. Kāmacchandābhibhūtaṃ vā nānāvisayasamupabyūḷhāya kāmadhātuyā pahānapaṭipadaṃ na paṭipajjati, byāpādena ca ārammaṇe paṭihaññamānaṃ na samāhitaṃ pavattati, thinamiddhābhibhūtaṃ akammaññaṃ hoti, uddhaccakukkuccaparetaṃ avūpasantameva hutvā paribbhamati, vicikicchāupahataṃ jhānādhigamapaṭipadaṃ nārohati ‘‘sammāsambuddho nu kho, na nu kho, pathavī pathavī’’tiādinā pavattamanasikārena ‘‘jhānaṃ siyā nu kho, na nu kho’’tiādinā vicikicchantassa jhānādhigamapaṭipadāya asaṃsijjhanato. Yato vakkhati –

‘‘Bhāgī assamahaṃ addhā, imāya paṭipattiyā;

Pavivekasukhassāti, katvā ussāhamuttama’’nti.

Tasmā samādhiādīnaṃ ujuvipaccanīkabhāvena visesena jhānādhigamassa antarāyakaraṇato etāneva pahānaṅgānīti vuttāni. Hoti cettha –

‘‘Paccanīkā yato pañca, samādhādīnamettha hi;

Jhānantarāyikā tasmā, pahānaṅge niyāmitā’’ti.

Evamidaṃ pahānaṅgavasena dassetvā idāni sampayogaṅgavasena dassetuṃ ‘‘vitakka…pe… sampayutta’’nti vuttaṃ. Tattha vitakkādayo vacanatthalakkhaṇādivasena upari āgamissanti. Yasmā pana imesu uppannesu jhānaṃ uppannaṃ nāma hoti, tenassa imāni sampayogaṅgānīti veditabbāni, tasmā na etehi samannāgataṃ aññadeva jhānaṃ nāma atthīti gahetabbaṃ. Yathā pana nemiādiaṅgasamudāye rathādivohāro hoti, evaṃ jhānaṅgasamudāye jhānavohāro. Vuttampi hetaṃ vibhaṅge ‘‘jhānanti vitakko vicāro pīti sukhaṃ cittassekaggatā’’ti (vibha. 569). Kasmā pana aññesupi phassādīsu sampayuttadhammesu vijjamānesu imāniyeva pañca jhānaṅgavasena vuttānīti? Vuccate – upanijjhānakiccavantatāya, kāmacchandādīnaṃ ujupaṭipakkhabhāvato ca. Vitakko hi ārammaṇe cittaṃ abhiniropeti, vicāro anubandhati. Evaṃ jhānādhigamassa visesapaccayabhūtehi tehi avikkhepāya samādahitapayogassa cetaso payogasampattisamuṭṭhānā pīti pīṇanaṃ, sukhañca upabrūhanaṃ karoti. Atha naṃ sasampayuttadhammaṃ etehi abhiniropanānubandhanapīṇanaupabrūhanehi anuggahitā ekaggatā samādhānakiccena attānaṃ anuvattāpentī ekattārammaṇe samaṃ, sammā ca ādhiyati, indriyasamatāvasena samaṃ, paṭipakkhadhammānaṃ dūrībhāvena līnuddhaccābhāvena sammā ca ṭhapetīti evametesameva upanijjhānakiccaṃ āveṇikaṃ. Kāmacchandādipaṭipakkhabhāvena pana sayameva vakkhati. Evaṃ upanijjhānakiccavantatāya, kāmacchandādīnaṃ ujupaṭipakkhabhāvato ca imeyeva pañca jhānaṅgabhāvena vavatthitāti. Yathāhu –

‘‘Upanijjhānakiccattā, kāmādipaṭipakkhato;

Santesupi ca aññesu, pañceva jhānasaññitā’’ti.

Desanākkamato, mahaggatadhammesu paṭhamaṃ adhigantabbato ca paṭhamaṃ, paṭhamaṃ samāpajjitabbantipi paṭhamanti vadanti. Taṃ pana na ekantalakkhaṇaṃ jhānapaṭilomādivasena samāpajjane asambhavato.

Purimapacchimacittesu uppajjamānassāpi appanākkhaṇe anuppajjanato vitakko vippahīno etassa, tato vā etaṃ vippahīnanti vitakkavippahīnaṃ. Bhāvanāya hi pahīnattā vitakko jhānakkhaṇe nuppajjati. Asaṃkiliṭṭhasabhāvattā pana upacārabhāvanāya ca taṃ pahātuṃ asamatthabhāvato purimabhāge, pacchābhāge ca apaccanīkacittappavattito uppajjatiyevāti.

Nanu ca ‘‘asaṃkiliṭṭhasabhāvattā’’ti vuttaṃ, atha kathaṃ jhānena esa pahīyati? Na hi kusalehi asaṃkiliṭṭhadhammassa pahānaṃ atthi rāgādisaṃkiliṭṭhānaṃ pāpadhammānametassa ujupaṭipakkhabhāvatoti? Vuccate – asaṃkiliṭṭhasabhāvassāpi etassa oḷārikatāya dubbalabhāvato jhānakkhaṇe anuppattisabhāvāpādanatthaṃ tattha nikantivikkhambhanavasena dutiyajjhānabhāvanā hotīti tassā balena taṃ jhānakkhaṇe anuppajjantaṃ nikantivikkhambhanavasena vā vikkhambhitaṃ pahīnaṃ nāma hoti. Yadi evaṃ upacārenapi nikanti vikkhambhīyatīti tatthapissa pahānaṃ siyā, yathā paṭhamajjhānassa upacāre nīvaraṇānīti? Nayidamevaṃ, nīvaraṇappahānassa viya vitakkārammaṇikanikanti vikkhambhanassa upacārena sātisayaṃ anipphajjanato. Sātisayañhi tattha nikantippahānaṃ appanāya eva hoti, tasmā yadavocumhā ‘‘upacārabhāvanāya ca taṃ pahātuṃ asamatthabhāvato’’ti, taṃ suṭṭhu upaparikkhitvā vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. ‘‘Vicāravippahīna’’ntiādīsupi vuttanayānusārena attho daṭṭhabbo. Dutiyajjhāneyeva pahīnassa vitakkassa idha appavattimattadassanatthaṃ ‘‘vitakkavicāravippahīna’’nti vitakka-ggahaṇaṃ kataṃ. Evaṃ ‘‘vitakkavicārapītivippahīna’’ntiādīsupi.

Yathāsambhavanti pathavīkasiṇādīsu yaṃ yaṃ ārammaṇaṃ yassa yassa sambhavati, tadanatikkamato. Kasiṇānāpānesu hi pañceva jhānāni pavattanti, asubhakāyagatāsatīsu paṭhamajjhānaṃ, anupekkhābrahmavihāresu pañcamajjhānavajjāni, upekkhābrahmavihāre pañcamajjhānanti.

Pathavīkasiṇādīsūti ettha ādi-ggahaṇena kevalaṃ āpokasiṇādīnameva, atha kho asubhādīnampi appanāvahakammaṭṭhānānaṃ saṅgahoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ettha ca abhibhāyatanavimokkhajhānāni pavattākāramattato bhinnāni, ārammaṇato pana kasiṇāyatanāneva hontīti kasiṇāyatanajhāneheva tāni saṅgahitāni. ‘‘Yathāsambhavaṃ…pe… anekavidha’’nti vā vacanena rūpāvacarajjhāne sabbopi labbhamānakabhedo saṅgahitoti abhibhāyatanavimokkhajhānāni visuṃ na vuttāni, tāni pana sarūpato evaṃ veditabbāni.

Tattha ñāṇuttarassa yogāvacarassa pathavīkasiṇādiārammaṇaṃ abhibhavitvā ‘‘na mettha appanānibbattane bhāro’’ti paṭipannassa nimittuppattito uddhaṃ dutiyatatiyavīthiyaṃ, catutthapañcamavīthiyaṃ vā paṭiladdhaṃ jhānaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ nāma. Tañhi ārammaṇaṃ abhibhavatīti abhibhū, yogino sukhavisesānaṃ adhiṭṭhānatāya, manāyatanadhammāyatanapariyāpannatāya vā āyatananti abhibhāyatanaṃ, abhibhavitabbaṃ vā abhibhū, ālambaṇaṃ, taṃ āyatanamassāti abhibhāyatanaṃ. Atha vā ālambaṇābhibhavanatoyeva abhibhū, parikammaṃ, ñāṇaṃ vā, taṃ āyatanaṃ kāraṇamassāti abhibhāyatanaṃ. Parikammaṃ, ñāṇaṃ vā ālambaṇaṃ abhibhavitvā pavattamānaṃ upacāruppattito pañcamavīthimanatikkamitvā appanaṃ nibbatteti. Pañcamavīthito paraṃ nibbattaṃ pana abhibhavitukāmatāya nibbattitampi abhibhāyatanaṃ nāma na hoti. Sāmaññagatiyā pana kasiṇāyatanameva hoti. Imameva hi sīghatarappavattiṃ sandhāya aṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘tāni abhibhavitvā samāpajjati, saha nimittuppādenevettha appanaṃ nibbattetī’’ti (dha. sa. aṭṭha. 204) vuttaṃ. Nanu ca aṭṭhakathāyaṃ yathārutavaseneva attho kasmā na gayhati. ‘‘Saha nimittuppādenevā’’ti (dha. sa. aṭṭha. 204) hi vuttattā nimittuppattiyā sahuppannaṃ jhānamabhibhāyatananti viññāyatīti? Nayidamevaṃ, nimittuppādena saha appanāya asambhavato. Nimittuppādoti hi idha paṭibhāganimittassa uppatti tadārammaṇassa vā upacārajjhānassa, kiṃ tāva paṭibhāganimittuppattiyā saha appanāya nibbatti upacārajjhāne asati tassā asambhavato, nāpi upacārajjhānena saha ekavīthiyaṃ nibbatti tassā upacārabhāvanāpabandhasevitabbabhāvena tadā asambhavato, tasmā nāticirāyanappavattidassanatthaṃ samīpimhi samīpakārīyūpacārena aṭṭhakathāyaṃ tathā vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Yadi nimittuppattito nāticirappavattamabhibhāyatanaṃ, kathaṃ tassa dandhābhiññākhippābhiññābhedo pāḷiyaṃ vuttoti? Vuccate – catutthapañcamajavanavīthiyaṃ uppannaṃ cirakālanibbattitāya dandhābhiññaṃ, dutiyatatiyavīthiyaṃ uppannaṃ tabbiparītalakkhaṇatāya khippābhiññanti. Keci pana ‘‘abhibhāyatanaṃ nāma vasibhāvappattameva, netara’’nti vadanti, taṃ tesaṃ matimattaṃ, vasibhāvappattiyā nimittuppattito dūratarabhāvena ‘‘saha nimittuppādenevettha appanaṃ nibbattetī’’ti aṭṭhakathāvacanena saha virujjhanato.

Apica vasibhāvappattaṃ jhānaṃ abhibhavanakāraṇanirapekkhaṃ vasibhāvabaleneva sakkaccaṃ samāpajjituṃ na sakkāti na taṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ nāma hoti, tasmā appattavasibhāvā paṭhamuppannāyeva abhibhāyatananti niṭṭhamettha gantabbaṃ. Yadi evaṃ kathaṃ ‘‘appamāṇaṃ parittārammaṇaṃ, appamāṇaṃ appamāṇārammaṇa’’nti (dha. sa. 212-213) abhibhāyatanadesanāyaṃ vuttaṃ. Vasibhāvappattañhi jhānaṃ appamāṇanti vuccati. Idañca uppannamattattā parittamevāti? Nāyaṃ doso. Paṭhamaṃ abhibhāyatanavasena paṭiladdhajjhānaṃ pacchā vasibhāvappattampi abhibhāyatananāmameva labhatīti vasibhāvappattamabhibhāyatanaṃ appamāṇaṃ, itaraṃ parittaṃ.

Atha vā vasibhāvappattaṃ appamāṇanti ukkaṃsagatipariggahavasena vuccati. Taṃ pana yaṃ balavataraṃ, taṃ appamāṇanti imassa atthassa upalakkhaṇaṃ katvā vadanti. Balavabhāvanibandhanaṃ appamāṇattaṃ. Balavabhāvo ca paṭhamaappanāvārato pacchimapacchimaappanāvārānaṃ balavatāya avasitāpattepi jhāne sambhavatīti balavantaṃ appamāṇaṃ, itaraṃ parittanti evaṃ avasitāpattepi jhāne appamāṇādibhāvo veditabbo. Atha vā appanāya balavabhāvo nāma upacārassa balavatāya sati hoti. Upacārañca taṃ balavaṃ, yaṃ sahasā appanaṃ uppādetuṃ sakkuṇeyya, tasmā khippābhiññānaṃ dvinnaṃ abhibhāyatanajhānānaṃ upacāravīthiyā anantaraṃ dutiyavīthiyaṃ uppannaṃ upacārajjhānassa balavatāya sayampi balavataranti appamāṇaṃ nāma hoti. Dutiyavīthimatikkamitvā tatiyavīthiyaṃ uppannaṃ taditarasabhāvatāya parittaṃ. Tathā dandhābhiññānaṃ catutthavīthiyaṃ uppannaṃ appamāṇaṃ. Pañcamavīthiyaṃ uppannaṃ parittanti. Atha vā yattha katthaci appanāvīthiyaṃ pañcamaṃ uppajjanakaappanāto catutthaṃ uppajjamānāya balavabhāvoti taṃvasenāpettha parittaappamāṇatā veditabbā.

Taṃ panetaṃ gaṇanato aṭṭhavidhaṃ hoti. Yathāha –

‘‘Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī bahiddhā rūpāni passati parittāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti evaṃsaññī hoti. Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī bahiddhā rūpāni passati parittāni suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇāni. Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī bahiddhā rūpāni passati appamāṇāni. Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī bahiddhā rūpāni passati appamāṇāni suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇāni, tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmi. Nīlāni nīlavaṇṇāni nīlanidassanāni nīlanibhāsāni, tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmi. Pītāni pītavaṇṇāni pītanidassanāni pītanibhāsāni. Lohitāni lohitavaṇṇāni lohitanidassanāni lohitanibhāsāni. Odātāni odātavaṇṇāni odātanidassanāni odātanibhāsāni, ‘tāni abhibhuyya jānāmi passāmī’ti evaṃsaññī hotī’’ti (dī. ni. 2.173; 3.338; ma. ni. 2.249; a. ni. 1.427-434; 8.65).

Tattha ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññīti alābhitāya vā anatthikatāya vā ajjhattesu kesādīsu parikammaappanāsaññāvirahito. Bahiddhā rūpāni passatīti bahiddhā aṭṭhasu kasiṇesu, catūsu bhūtakasiṇesu eva vā kataparikammakatāya parikammavasena ceva appanāvasena ca tāni bahiddhā aṭṭha, cattāri vā kasiṇarūpāni passati. Parittānīti amahantāni. Abhibhuyyāti yathā mahagghaso sampannagahaṇiko puriso kaṭacchumattaṃ bhattaṃ labhitvā ‘‘kiṃ ettha bhuñjitabbaṃ bhattaṃ atthī’’ti saṅkaḍḍhitvā sabbaṃ ekakabaḷameva karoti, evameva ñāṇuttariko puggalo visadañāṇo ‘‘kiṃ ettha parittake ārammaṇe samāpajjitabbaṃ atthi, nāyaṃ mama bhāro’’ti tāni rūpāni parikammena, ñāṇena vā abhibhavitvā samāpajjati. Heṭṭhā vuttanayena sīghaṃ appanaṃ nibbatteti. ‘‘Jānāmi passāmī’’ti iminā panassa pubbābhogo kathito, tadāgamanato ca antosamāpattiyaṃ cittābhisaṅkhāro. Itarathā anena ābhogamatte kathite tena sādhitabbaṃ jhānaṃ na vuttaṃ hoti, abhibhāyatanadesanāvāyaṃ jhānavisayāti. Āgamaṭṭhakathāsu pana samāpattito vuṭṭhitassa pubbabhāgabhāvanāvasena jhānakkhaṇe pavattamabhibhavanākāraṃ gahetvā pavattamābhogaṃ sandhāya –

‘‘Iminā panassa ābhogo kathito. So ca kho samāpattito vuṭṭhitassa, na antosamāpattiya’’nti (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.173; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 2.249; a. ni. aṭṭha. 3.8.65) vuttaṃ.

Dutiye suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇānīti parisuddhāparisuddhavaṇṇāni. Parisuddhāni hi nīlādīni suvaṇṇāni, aparisuddhāni dubbaṇṇānīti idha adhippetāni.

Tatiye appamāṇānīti vuddhippamāṇāni vipulāni khalamaṇḍalādīni. Vaḍḍhanavasena panettha appamāṇatā na gahitā kasiṇavaḍḍhanassa idha asambhavato. Kasiṇassa hi dve vaḍḍhanabhūmiyo upacārabhūmi, appanābhūmi vā. Tattha na tāva idha upacārabhūmiyaṃ vaḍḍhanaṃ sambhavati. Nimittuppattiyā samakālaṃ viya uppajjamāne jhāne kuto tassa okāsoti, nāpi appanābhūmiyaṃ. Vaḍḍhitassa paṭhamuppannajhānārammaṇatā na yujjati, tasmā sabhāvamahantāneva ālambaṇāni idha appamāṇānīti adhippetāni. Keci pana ‘‘vaḍḍhitavaseneva appamāṇānīti gahetvā paṭhamaṃ abhibhavanicchāya abhāvena vaḍḍhetvā pacchā abhibhavanicchāya sati abhibhavanākārena pavatto tasmiṃ appanaṃ nibbattetīti appanaṃ paṭilabhitvā vaḍḍhitanimittesu idaṃ abhibhāyatanaṃ vutta’’nti vadanti.

Catutthe abhibhuyyāti abhibhavitvā. Yathā nāma sampannagahaṇiko mahagghaso puriso ekaṃ bhattavaḍḍhitakaṃ labhitvā ‘‘‘aññopi hotu, aññopi hotū’ti kiṃ esa mayhaṃ karissatī’’ti na taṃ mahantato passati, evameva ñāṇuttaro visadañāṇo puggalo ‘‘‘kiṃ ettha samāpajjitabbaṃ, nayidaṃ appamāṇa’nti mayhaṃ cittekaggatākaraṇe bhāro’’ti abhibhavitvā samāpajjati. Vuttanayeneva appanaṃ nibbatteti.

Pañcame nīlāni…pe… nīlanibhāsānīti etāni pariyāyanāmānīti tattha ‘‘nīlānī’’ti sabbasaṅgāhakavasena vuttaṃ. Ettakeyeva pana vutte taṃyogato tabbohārena guṇayuttepi pasaṅgo siyāti tannivāraṇatthaṃ ‘‘nīlavaṇṇānī’’ti vaṇṇavasena vuttaṃ. Evampi hi bahubbīhivasena guṇopi pasaṅgo hotīti ‘‘nīlanidassanānī’’ti nidassanavasena vuttaṃ. Nidassitabbañhi nidassanaṃ, cakkhunā daṭṭhabbaṃ rūpaṃ. Tato setādinivāraṇatthaṃ nīla-saddena saha samāso katoti apaññāyamānacīvarāni asambhinnavaṇṇāni ekanīlāneva hutvā dissamānānīti vuttaṃ hoti. ‘‘Nīlanibhāsānī’’ti idaṃ pana obhāsavasena vuttaṃ, nīlobhāsāni nīlappabhāyuttānīti attho. Etena tesaṃ suvisuddhattaṃ dasseti. ‘Pītānī’’tiādīsupi imināva nayena attho veditabbo. Aṭṭhasu cetesu purimaṃ abhibhavanākārena vaṇṇābhogarahitāni aṭṭhapi kasiṇāni parittāni ārammaṇaṃ katvā uppannaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Tatiyaṃ tathā appamāṇāni. Dutiyacatutthāniyeva dve vaṇṇābhogasahitāni ārabbha uppannaṃ, na pana vaṇṇakasiṇavasena uppannaṃ tassa visuṃ vakkhamānattā.

Pañcamādīni pana tesu katādhikāre sandhāya suvisuddhavaṇṇavaseneva desitāni. Na hi tesaṃ abhibhavanassa parittatā, appamāṇatā vā kāraṇaṃ, atha kho suvisuddhanīlādibhāvo. Tattha hi te katādhikārāti. Nanu ca āgamaṭṭhakathāsu ‘‘suvaṇṇāni vā hontu dubbaṇṇāni vā, parittaappamāṇavaseneva imāni abhibhāyatanāni desitānī’’ti (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.173; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 2.249; a. ni. aṭṭha. 3.8.65) vuttanti? Saccaṃ, taṃ pana āgame abhibhāyatanānaṃ aññathā āgatattā vuttaṃ. Tattha hi –

‘‘Ajjhattaṃ rūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati parittāni suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇāni, appamāṇāni suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇāni, ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati parittāni suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇāni, appamāṇāni suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇānī’’ti (dī. ni. 2.173; 3.338; ma. ni. 2.249; a. ni. 1.427-434; 8.65) –

Evaṃ cattāriyeva abhibhāyatanāni āgatāni, tasmā tadaṭṭhakathāsu vaṇṇābhoge vijjamāne avijjamānepi parittaappamāṇatāvaseneva imesaṃ desitabhāvo vutto. Parittaappamāṇatā hi imesu catūsu abhibhavanassa kāraṇaṃ vaṇṇābhoge vijjamāne avijjamānepīti. Nanu ca sabbattha ‘‘suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇānī’’ti vacanato vaṇṇābhogasahitāniyeva tattha gahitānīti? Taṃ na, vaṇṇābhogarahitāni, sahitāni ca sabbāni parittāni ekato katvā ‘‘parittāni suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇānī’’ti vuttāni, tathā ‘‘appamāṇāni suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇānī’’ti. Yadi evaṃ kathaṃ visiṭṭhānaṃ vaṇṇābhogarahitānaṃ, sahitānañca ekajjhaṃ manasikāro, na ekajjhaṃ, visuṃyeva tesaṃ manasikāro. Yadi evaṃ visuṃ kathamekattanti? Parittabhāvasāmaññato. Yadi evaṃ suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇa-ggahaṇamatiriccati avasiṭṭhoti? Nātiriccati pariyāyadesanābhāvato. Atthi hi esa pariyāyo, yadidaṃ vaṇṇābhogajanitājanitaṃ visesaṃ aggahetvā parittabhāvasāmaññena ekattaṃ netvā ‘‘parittāni abhibhuyyā’’ti vatvā puna tadantogadhameva pabhedaṃ vineyyavasena dassetuṃ tāni ca kadāci vaṇṇavasena āvajjitāni honti, ‘‘suvaṇṇadubbaṇṇāni abhibhuyyā’’ti vattabbatāya vaṇṇābhogarahitāni, sahitāni ca visuṃ manasi katvā ubhayatthāpi vaṇṇābhogarahitaparittābhibhavane, taṃsahitaparittābhibhavane ca parittābhibhavanasāmaññaṃ gahetvā ekattaṃ katanti. Abhidhamme pana nippariyāyadesanattā vaṇṇābhogarahitāni, sahitāni ca visuṃ vuttāni. Atthi hi ubhayatthābhibhavanavisesoti. Hotu tāva, evaṃ suttābhidhammapāṭhavisesato aṭṭhakathāya pāṭhabhede pana ko adhippāyoti? Vuccate – suttante hi paṭhamavimokkhaṃ dvedhā bhinditvā paṭhamadutiyaabhibhāyatanāni vuttāni, pariyāyadesanattā vimokkhānampi abhibhavanapariyāyo vijjatīti ‘‘ajjhattaṃ rūpasaññī’’ti abhibhāyatanadvayaṃ vuttaṃ.

Tatiyacatutthaabhibhāyatanesu dutiyavimokkho, vaṇṇābhibhāyatanesu tatiyavimokkho ca abhibhavanappavattito saṅgahito, idha pana nippariyāyadesanattā vimokkhābhibhāyatanāni asaṅkarato dassetuṃ vimokkhe vajjetvā abhibhāyatanāni kathitāni. Sabbāni ca vimokkhakiccāni vimokkhadesanāya vuttāni, tadetaṃ ‘‘ajjhattaṃ rūpasaññī’’ti sutte āgatassa abhibhāyatanadvayassa abhidhamme avacanato ‘‘rūpī rūpāni passatī’’tiādīnañca sabbavimokkhakiccasādhāraṇavacanabhāvato vavatthānaṃ katanti viññāyati. Avassañcetaṃ eva sampaṭicchitabbaṃ, na sampaṭicchantehi suttābhidhammapāṭhabhede aññaṃ kāraṇaṃ vattabbaṃ. Atha kimettha vattabbaṃ, nanu aṭṭhakathāyameva ‘‘kasmā pana yathā suttante ‘ajjhattaṃ rūpasaññī eko bahiddhā rūpāni passati parittānī’tiādi vuttaṃ, evaṃ avatvā idha catūsupi abhibhāyatanesu ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññitāva vuttā’’ti vatvā ‘‘ajjhattarūpānaṃ anabhibhavanīyato’’ti kāraṇaṃ vuttanti? Na taṃ tassa kāraṇavacanaṃ, atha kho katthaci ‘‘ajjhattaṃ rūpāni passatī’’ti avatvā sabbattha yaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘bahiddhā rūpāni passatī’’ti, tassa ca kāraṇavacanaṃ. Teneva hi tattha vā idha vā ‘‘bahiddhā rūpāniyeva abhibhavitabbānī’’ti tattheva vuttaṃ, anabhibhavanīyatā ca ajjhattarūpānaṃ bahiddhā rūpāni viya avibhūtattā. Na hi suṭṭhu vibhūtabhāvamantarena ñāṇuttarānaṃ ārammaṇābhibhavanaṃ sambhavatīti. Nanu ca aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pāṭhadvayavisesassa desanāvilāso kāraṇabhāvena vuttoti? Saccaṃ vutto, so ca yathāvuttavavatthānavaseneva veditabbo. Desanāvilāso hi nāma vineyyajjhāsayānurūpaṃ vijjamānasseva pariyāyassa vibhāvanaṃ, na yassa kassacīti. Evaṃ tāva abhibhāyatanaṃ veditabbaṃ.

Tattha vimokkhoti paṭiladdhajjhānassa jhānaṃ samāpajjitukāmatāvasappavattajavanavīthisamanantarameva pituaṅke vissaṭṭhaaṅgapaccaṅgassa viya dārakassa ārammaṇe nirāsaṅkameva hutvā paṭhamakappanā viya ca lahuṃ avuṭṭhahitvā antamaso catupañcacittakkhaṇato anosakkitvā ārammaṇe abhirativasena pavattassa vasibhāvappattassa jhānassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Tañhi kasiṇāyatanavasena vā abhibhāyatanavasena vā uppannaṃ paccanīkadhammehi suṭṭhu vimuttattā, ārammaṇe adhimuttatāya ca ‘‘vimokkho’’ti vuccati. Vuttampi cetaṃ aṭṭhakathāyaṃ –

‘‘Kenaṭṭhena pana vimokkho veditabboti? Adhimuccanaṭṭhena. Ko ayaṃ adhimuccanaṭṭho nāma? Paccanīkadhammehi ca suṭṭhu vimuccanaṭṭho, ārammaṇe ca abhirativasena suṭṭhu adhimuccanaṭṭho’’ti (dha. sa. aṭṭha. 248).

Yadi vasibhāvappattameva vimokkho, kathamassa ārammaṇacatukke parittatā pāḷiyaṃ vuttā. Avasitāpattañhi jhānaṃ parittanti vuccatīti? Nāyaṃ doso, paripuṇṇavasibhāvappattaṃ sandhāya aparipuṇṇavasibhāvappattassa parittabhāvena tattha adhippetattā, tasmā vasibhāvappattameva jhānaṃ vimokkho nāma, na itaraṃ. Itaraṃ pana yadi kasiṇāyatanavasena uppannaṃ, kasiṇāyatanaṃ. Atha abhibhāyatanavasena, abhibhāyatanamevāti. Keci pana ‘‘paṭhamaappanāto pacchimapacchimāya paṭipakkhato suṭṭhu vimuttattā kasiṇāyatanavasena, abhibhāyatanavasena ca uppannaṃ paṭhamakappanaṃ ṭhapetvā sesaṃ vimokkhoyevā’’ti vadanti.

Taṃ panetaṃ gaṇanato tividhaṃ. Yathāha –

‘‘Rūpī rūpāni passati, ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññī bahiddhā rūpāni passati, subhanteva adhimutto hotī’’ti (dī. ni. 2.174; 3.339; paṭi. ma. 1.209).

Tattha rūpīti ajjhattaṃ kesādīsu uppāditaṃ rūpajjhānaṃ rūpaṃ, tadassa atthīti rūpī. Rūpāni passatīti bahiddhāpi nīlakasiṇādirūpāni jhānacakkhunā passati. Iminā ajjhattabahiddhavatthukesu kasiṇesu jhānapaṭilābho dassito. Ajjhattaṃ arūpasaññīti ajjhattaṃ narūpasaññī, attano kesādīsu anuppāditarūpāvacarajjhānoti attho. Iminā bahiddhā parikammaṃ katvā bahiddhāva paṭiladdhajjhānatā dassitā. ‘‘Subha’’nti iminā suvisuddhesu nīlādīsu vaṇṇakasiṇesu jhānāni dassitāni. Tattha kiñcāpi antoappanāyaṃ ‘‘subha’’nti ābhogo natthi, yo pana suvisuddhaṃ subhakasiṇaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā viharati, so yasmā ‘‘subha’’nti adhimuccanavasena paṭhamajjhānaṃ upasampajjitvā viharati, tathā dutiyādīni, tasmā evaṃ desanā katāti. Paṭisambhidāmagge pana ‘‘idha bhikkhu mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharatī’’tiādinā (paṭi. ma. 1.212) brahmavihāravasena subhavimokkho vutto. Dhammasaṅgaṇiyaṃ pana brahmavihārānaṃ visuṃyeva āgatattā taṃ nayaṃ paṭikkhipitvā sunīlakādivaseneva subhavimokkho aṭṭhakathāyaṃ anuññātoti idhāpi tattha vuttanayeneva vavatthānaṃ katanti evaṃ tāva vimokkhajhānaṃ veditabbaṃ.

Yathānurūpanti hīnādianurūpaṃ. Paṭhamajjhānañhi hīnaṃ kappassa tatiyabhāgāyuke brahmapārisajje upapattiṃ nipphādeti, majjhimaṃ upaḍḍhakappāyuke brahmapurohite, paṇītaṃ ekakappāyuke mahābrahme. Tathā dutiyajjhānaṃ, tatiyajjhānañca hīnaṃ dvikappāyuke parittābhe, majjhimaṃ catukappāyuke appamāṇābhe, paṇītaṃ aṭṭhakappāyuke ābhassare. Catutthajjhānaṃ hīnaṃ soḷasakappāyuke parittāsubhe, majjhimaṃ dvattiṃsakappāyuke appamāṇasubhe, paṇītaṃ catusaṭṭhikappāyuke subhakiṇhe. Pañcamajjhānaṃ pana tividhampi pañcakappasatāyuke vehapphale upapattiṃ nipphādeti, tadeva titthiyehi saññāvirāgavasena bhāvitaṃ pañcakappasatāyukeyeva asaññasatte. Anāgāmīhi pana puthujjanādikāle pacchāpi bhāvitaṃ saddhādiindriyādhimuttatānukkamena yathākkamaṃ sahassadvisahassacatusahassaaṭṭhasahassasoḷasasahassakappāyukesu avihāatappāsudassāsudassīakaniṭṭhanāmakesu pañcasuddhāvāsesu upapattiṃ nipphādetīti evametaṃ yathānurūpaṃ soḷasarūpāvacarabrahmalokūpapattinipphādakanti āha ‘‘yathānurūpaṃ…pe… hotī’’ti.

Yasmā pana rūpabhavepi pavattiyaṃ labhitabbā upabhogasampatti kāmāvacarasseva phalaṃ, tasmā idha ‘‘bhavabhogasampattiṃ nipphādetī’’ti avatvā upapattinipphādanameva vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ettha ca dutiyajjhānabhūmiṃ upādāya sabbattha paripuṇṇassa mahākappassa vasena paricchedo daṭṭhabbo, paṭhamajjhānabhūmiyaṃ pana asaṅkhyeyyakappavasena. Na hi tattha itaravasena paricchedo sambhavati ekakappepi avināsābhāvena mahākappassa catutthabhāgeyeva tassa saṇṭhahanato.

Rūpāvacarakusalavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.