Satipaṭṭhānavibhaṅgamātikatthavaṇṇanā

Satipaṭṭhānavibhaṅgamātikāya pana atthato tāva – cattāroti gaṇanaparicchedo, tena na tato heṭṭhā, na uddhanti dīpeti. Satipaṭṭhānāti ettha dve satipaṭṭhānā satigocaropi satipi. ‘‘Catunnaṃ, bhikkhave, satipaṭṭhānānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca desessāmī’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 5.408) hi satigocaro ‘‘satipaṭṭhāna’’nti vuccati, tassattho patiṭṭhāti tasminti paṭṭhānaṃ, kā patiṭṭhāti? Sati. Satiyā paṭṭhānaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ. Padhānaṃ ṭhānanti vā paṭṭhānaṃ, satiyā paṭṭhānaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ. ‘‘Cattāro satipaṭṭhānā bhāvitā bahulīkatā satta bojjhaṅge paripūrentī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 3.147) pana sati. Tassattho patiṭṭhātīti paṭṭhānaṃ, upaṭṭhāti okkantitvā pakkhanditvā pavattatīti attho. Satiyeva paṭṭhānatthena satipaṭṭhānaṃ. Atha vā saraṇaṭṭhena sati, sā ca upaṭṭhānaṭṭhena paṭṭhānanti satipaṭṭhānaṃ, idamidha adhippetaṃ. Yadi evaṃ, kasmā satipaṭṭhānāti bahuvacanaṃ kataṃ? Satiyā bahuttā. Ārammaṇabhedena hi bahukā tā satiyo.

Idhāti imasmiṃ sāsane, tena ajjhattādivasena sabbappakāracatucattālīsavidhasatipaṭṭhānanibbattakassa puggalassa nissayabhūtaṃ sāsanameva, nāññaṃ sāsananti dīpeti. Vuttaṃ hetaṃ ‘‘idheva, bhikkhave, samaṇo…pe… suññā parappavādā samaṇehi aññehī’’ti (dī. ni. 2.214; ma. ni. 1.139; a. ni. 4.241).

Bhikkhūti saṃsāre bhayaṃ ikkhanako. Tena kiñcāpi bhagavato devaloke nisīditvā satipaṭṭhānaṃ desentassa santike devagaṇaṃ muñcitvā ekabhikkhupi nisinno nāma natthi, tathāpi devo vā hotu manusso vā gahaṭṭho vā pabbajito vā, saṃsāre bhayanti sammā ikkhamāno yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjamānova bhikkhu nāma hoti, nāññoti dasseti. Yathāha ‘‘alaṅkato cepī’’ti (dha. pa. 142).

Ajjhattanti niyakajjhattaṃ. Kāyeti ettha āyanti tatoti āyo. Ke āyanti? Kucchitā kesādayo, iti kucchitānaṃ āyoti kāyo. Atha vā aṅgapaccaṅgānaṃ, kesādīnañca samūhaṭṭhenapi kāyo, rūpakāyo, tasmiṃ attano kāyeti attho. Kāyānupassīti kāyaṃ anupassanasīlo. ‘‘Kāye’’ti ca vatvā puna ‘‘kāyānupassī’’ti dutiyakāya-ggahaṇaṃ ‘‘evaṃ na kāye aṅgapaccaṅgavinimuttaekadhammānupassī, nāpi kesalomādivinimuttaitthipurisānupassī, na ca bhūtupādāyavinimuttaekadhammānupassī, atha kho rathasambhāranagarāvayavakadalikkhandhavibhāgānupassako viya yathākkamaṃ aṅgapaccaṅgakesādibhūtupādāyasamūhānupassī evā’’ti dassanatthaṃ kataṃ. Tathā hettha yathāvuttadhammasamūhavinimutto itthipurisādiko, añño vā koci dhammo na dissati, yathāvuttadhammasamūhamatteyeva pana bālā tathā tathā subhādito ca micchābhinivesaṃ karonti, ayaṃ pana yogī tattha kāyānupassī eva aniccadukkhaanattāsubhānupassī evāti vuttaṃ hoti. Atha vā yvāyaṃ mahāsatipaṭṭhāne assāsapassāsādiko cuddasavidho kāyo vutto, tassa sabbassa imasmiṃyeva kāye anupassanato ‘‘kāye kāyānupassī’’ti evamādināpi attho daṭṭhabbo.

Viharatīti iriyati, catūsu iriyāpathesu ekenāgataṃ sarīrabādhanaṃ aññena iriyāpathena vicchinditvā apatamānaṃ attabhāvaṃ harati, pavattetīti attho. Bahiddhā kāyeti parassa kāye. Ajjhattabahiddhā kāyeti kālena attano, kālena parassa kāye. Kālena hi ajjhattabahiddhākāyesupi ekasmiṃ khaṇe kāyānupassanā uppajjati, paguṇakammaṭṭhānassa pana aparāparaṃ sañcaraṇakālo ettha kathito. Ātāpīti kāyapariggāhakavīriyena vīriyavā. So hi yasmā kilesānaṃ ātāpanato ātāpo vuccati vīriyaṃ, so cassa atthi, tasmā ātāpīti vuccati. Sampajānoti kāyapariggāhakena sampajaññena samannāgato. Satimāti kāyapariggāhikāya satiyā samannāgato. Ayaṃ pana yasmā satiyā ārammaṇaṃ pariggahetvā paññāya anupassati, vīriyena ca antarā vosānaṃ nāpajjati, tasmā yesaṃ dhammānaṃ ānubhāvena taṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ sampajjati, tesaṃ dassanatthaṃ ‘‘ātāpī sampajāno satimā’’ti idaṃ vuttanti veditabbaṃ.

Iti kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ, sampayogaṅgañca dassetvā idāni pahānaṅgaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassa’’nti vuttaṃ. Tattha vineyyāti tadaṅgavinayena vā vikkhambhanavinayena vā vinayitvā. Loketi yvāyaṃ ajjhattādibhedo kāyo vutto, sveva idha lujjanapalujjanaṭṭhena loko nāma. Vibhaṅge pana yasmā rūpakāye pahīnaabhijjhādayo vedanādīsupi pahīyanti eva, tasmā pañcapi upādānakkhandhā ‘‘loko’’ti vuttaṃ. Tasmiṃ loke abhijjhādomanassasaṅkhātaṃ kāmacchandabyāpādaṃ vineyyāti sambandho. Imassa ca nīvaraṇesu balavadhammadvayassa pahānadassanena sesanīvaraṇānampi pahānaṃ vuttaṃyevāti veditabbaṃ. Visesena cettha abhijjhādomanassavinayena yathākkamaṃ kāyasampattivipattimūlānaṃ anurodhavirodhānaṃ, attaabhiratitadasubhākārādibhāvanānabhiratīnaṃ, abhūtaguṇapakkhepabhūtadosāpanayanānañca pahānaṃ vuttaṃ, tena yogāvacarassa yogānubhāvanibbattaphalaṃ, yogasamatthatā ca dīpitā hoti.

Ajjhattaṃ vedanāsūtiādīsupi ajjhattādīni vuttanayena veditabbāni. Ettha pana vedanāti tisso vedanā lokiyā, tathā cittaṃ, dhammā ca, tesaṃ vibhāgo vibhaṅganaye āvi bhavissati. Kevalaṃ panettha yathā vedanādayo anupassanto vedanādianupassī nāma hoti, so nayo dassetabbo. Seyyathidaṃ – vedanāsu tāva sukhā vedanā dukkhato, dukkhā sallato, itarā ca aniccato anupassitabbā. Yathāha –

‘‘Yo sukhaṃ dukkhato adda, dukkhamaddakkhi sallato;

Adukkhamasukhaṃ santaṃ, addakkhi naṃ aniccato’’ti (saṃ. ni. 4.253; itivu. 53).

Sabbā eva etā dukkhato anupassitabbā ‘‘yaṃ kiñci vedayitaṃ, taṃ dukkhasminti vadāmī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 4.259) vacanato. Evaṃ anupassanto pana aniccādisattānupassanāvasena vā anupassantopi ‘‘imaṃ vedanaṃ ko vedayati, kassāyaṃ vedanā, kiṃ kāraṇāyaṃ vedanā’’ti upaparikkhitvā ‘‘na koci sattādiko vedayati, na kesañci sattādīnaṃ vedanā, vatthārammaṇādikāraṇā panāyaṃ vedanā uppajjatī’’ti anupassantopi vedanānupassī nāma hoti. Atha vā sukhādīnaṃ uppattikkhaṇe dukkhādīnaṃ asambhavā aniccā addhuvā vipariṇāmadhammāti evaṃ vā anupassanto vedanānupassī nāma hoti. Imināva nayena pāḷinayānusārena sesacittadhammānampi anupassanākāro veditabbo. Visesato panettha cittesu aniccatāvasena, dhammesu anattatāvasena ca anupassanto cittānupassī, dhammānupassī ca nāma hotīti veditabbaṃ. Sesaṃ suviññeyyameva. Ayaṃ tāvettha padattho.

Dhammabhedo panettha natthi, saraṇavasena ca ekāva sati ārammaṇavasena ‘‘cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’’ti vuttāti.

Vibhaṅganayato panettha suttantabhājanīye tāva ajjhattabahiddhātadubhayakāye kesādikoṭṭhāsabhāvanāvasena paṭhamaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ vitthāritaṃ. Tathā ajjhattādīsu paccekaṃ sāmisanirāmisavasena duvidhānaṃ sukhadukkhaadukkhamasukhavedanānaṃ vasena dutiyaṃ, sarāgavītarāgasadosavītadosasamohavītamohasaṃkhittavikkhittamahaggataamahaggatasauttarānuttarasamāhitāsamāhitavimuttāvimuttabhedato soḷasavidhehi cittapajānanavasena tatiyaṃ, pañcanīvaraṇānaṃ, sattabojjhaṅgānañca sambhavāsambhavauppādapahānapahīnānuppattibhāvanāpāripūrihetujjhānavasena catutthaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ vitthāritaṃ. Ayaṃ suttantabhājanīyanayo.

Abhidhammabhājanīye pana tāva ‘‘cattāro satipaṭṭhānā. Idha bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati vedanāsu…pe… dhammesu dhammānupassī viharatī’’ti (vibha. 380) evaṃ mātikaṃ ṭhapetvā dhammasaṅgaṇiyaṃ vuttanayassa vitthāresu aṭṭhasu lokuttaracittesu sampayuttasativaseneva vitthārato vibhattā.

Pañhāpucchakanayepi catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ kati kusalā…pe… kati araṇā? Siyā kusalā, siyā abyākatā…pe… anupādinnaanupādāniyāva, asaṃkiliṭṭhaasaṃkilesikāva…pe… anidassanaappaṭighāva. Na hetū ahetukāva…pe… anuttarā araṇāvāti lokuttaravaseneva vibhattā. Sammāsambuddhena hi suttantabhājanīyasmiññeva lokiyalokuttaramissakā satipaṭṭhānā kathitā, abhidhammabhājanīyapañhāpucchakesu pana lokuttarāyeva. Tesu ca lokiyā nānācittesu eva labbhanti. Aññeneva hi cittena kāyaṃ paggaṇhanti, aññena vedanādayoti. Lokuttarā pana cattāropi maggakkhaṇe ekacitteyeva labbhanti. Ekasmiñhi maggacittakkhaṇe ārammaṇato nibbānārammaṇā ekāva sati kāyādīsu subhasukhaniccaattavipallāsasamucchedakatāya catukiccasādhanaṭṭhena cattāripi nāmāni labhatīti ayamettha vibhaṅganayo.

Kamato satipaṭṭhāne, anūnādhikatopi ca;

Pāḷimuttanayo ñeyyo, tattha kosallamicchatā.

Tattha kamato tāva ayampi desanākkamova, sopi pākaṭāpākaṭavasena vutto. Imāsu hi rūpakammaṭṭhānaṃ pākaṭanti paṭhamaṃ kāyānupassanā vuttā. Tato arūpakammaṭṭhānaṃ. Tatthāpi ārammaṇaṃ anubhavantī uppajjamānā vedanā pākaṭāti anantarā vedanānupassanā, tato ārammaṇaṃ vijānantaṃ viññāṇaṃ pākaṭanti cittānupassanā, citte pākaṭe tannissitā sukhumāpi dhammā pākaṭā hontīti ante dhammānupassanā vuttā. Ayaṃ tāvettha kamo.

Anūnādhikatoti ettha pana kasmā bhagavatā cattārova satipaṭṭhānā vuttā, anūnā anadhikāti? Taṇhācaritadiṭṭhicaritasamathayānikavipassanāyānikānaṃ mandatikkhavasena dvidhā pavattānaṃ visuddhimaggavasena. Mandassa hi taṇhācaritassa oḷārikaṃ kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ visuddhimaggo, tikkhassa sukhumaṃ vedanānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ, diṭṭhicaritassāpi mandassa nātippabhedagataṃ cittānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ, tikkhassa atippabhedagataṃ dhammānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānaṃ visuddhimaggo. Samathayānikassa ca mandassa akicchena adhigantabbanimittaṃ paṭhamaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ visuddhimaggo, tikkhassa dutiyaṃ, vipassanāyānikassāpi mandassa tatiyaṃ, tikkhassa catutthaṃ visuddhimaggoti veneyyajjhāsayato cattāro vuttā. Subhasukhaniccaattabhāvavipallāsappahānatthaṃ vā caturoghayogāsavaganthaupādānaagatippahānatthampi catubbidhāhārapariññatthañca cattārova vuttā, anūnā anadhikāti ayamettha anūnādhikatā. Evaṃ pāḷimuttanayo ñeyyo.

Satipaṭṭhānavibhaṅgamātikatthavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.