Saccavibhaṅgamātikatthavaṇṇanā

Saccavibhaṅgamātikāya pana atthato tāva – cattāri ariyasaccānīti etthāyaṃ sacca-saddo anekesu atthesu dissati. Seyyathidaṃ – ‘‘saccaṃ bhaṇe na kujjheyyā’’tiādīsu (dha. pa. 224) vācāsacce. ‘‘Sacce ṭhitā samaṇabrāhmaṇā’’tiādīsu (jā. 2.21.433) viratisacce. ‘‘Kasmā nu saccāni vadanti nānā, pavādiyāse kusalāvadānā’’tiādīsu (su. ni. 891) diṭṭhisacce. ‘‘Ekaṃ hi saccaṃ, na dutiyamatthī’’tiādīsu (su. ni. 890) paramatthasacce, nibbāne ceva magge ca. ‘‘Catunnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ kati kusalā’’tiādīsu (vibha. 216) ariyasacce. Svāyamidhāpi ariyasacce vattati. Kenaṭṭhena saccāni? Tathaṭṭhena. Koyaṃ tathaṭṭho nāma? Yo paññācakkhunā upaparikkhamānānaṃ māyāva viparīto, marīcīva visaṃvādako, titthiyānaṃ atthā viya anupalabbhamānasabhāvo ca na hoti, atha kho bādhanappabhavasantiniyyānabhūtena tacchāviparītabhūtabhāvena ariyañāṇassa gocaro hoti. Ayaṃ tathaṭṭho saccaṭṭhoti veditabbo. Vuttañca –

‘‘Iti tacchāvipallāsabhūtabhāvaṃ catūsupi;

Dukkhādīsvavisesena, saccaṭṭhaṃ āhu paṇḍitā’’ti (vibha. aṭṭha. 189; sārattha. ṭī. mahāvagga 3.14).

Ariyāni ca tāni saccāni cāti ariyasaccāni. Ariyānīti uttamāni, avisaṃvādakānīti attho. Ariyehi buddhādīhi paṭivijjhitabbāni saccāni, ariyassa vā sammāsambuddhassa santakāni saccāni tena uppāditattā, pakāsitattā ca, ariyabhāvakarāni vā saccāni tesaṃ abhisambuddhattā ariyabhāvasiddhitoti ariyasaccāni. ‘‘Dukkhaṃ ariyasacca’’ntiādīsu pana du-iti ayaṃ saddo kucchite dissati. Kucchitaṃ hi puttaṃ ‘‘duputto’’ti vadanti. Khaṃ-saddo pana tucche. Tucchaṃ hi ākāsaṃ ‘‘kha’’nti vuccati. Idañca paṭhamasaccaṃ kucchitaṃ anekopaddavādhiṭṭhānato, tucchaṃ bālajanaparikappitadhuvasubhasukhattabhāvavirahitato, tasmā kucchitattā, tucchattā ca ‘‘dukkha’’nti vuccati. Saṃ-iti ca ayaṃ saddo ‘‘samāgamo, sameta’’ntiādīsu saṃyogaṃ dīpeti. U-iti ayaṃ saddo ‘‘uppannaṃ udita’’ntiādīsu uppattiṃ. Aya-saddo pana kāraṇaṃ dīpeti. Idañca dutiyasaccaṃ avasesapaccayasamāyoge sati dukkhassuppattikāraṇanti ‘‘dukkhasamudayo’’ti vuccati.

Tatiyasaccaṃ pana yasmā ni-saddo abhāvaṃ, rodha-saddo cārakaṃ dīpeti, tasmā abhāvo ettha, etasmiṃ vā adhigate saṃsāracārakasaṅkhātassa dukkhanirodhassa sabbagatisuññattā, tappaṭipakkhattā cāti ‘‘dukkhanirodha’’nti vuccati, dukkhassa vā anuppādanirodhapaccayattā. Catutthaṃ pana yasmā etaṃ dukkhanirodhaṃ gacchati, sattaṃ vā taṃ gamayati ārammaṇavasena tadabhimukhattā, paṭipadā ca hoti dukkhanirodhappattiyā, tasmā ‘‘dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti vuccati.

Apica dukkhādīnaṃ cattāro cattāro atthā vibhattā tathā avitathā anaññathā, ye dukkhādīni abhisamentehi abhisametabbā. Yathāha –

‘‘Dukkhassa pīḷanaṭṭho saṅkhataṭṭho santāpaṭṭho vipariṇāmaṭṭho, ime cattāro dukkhassa dukkhaṭṭhā tathā avitathā anaññathā. Samudayassa āyūhanaṭṭho nidānaṭṭho saṃyogaṭṭho palibodhaṭṭho …pe… nirodhassa nissaraṇaṭṭho vivekaṭṭho asaṅkhataṭṭho amataṭṭho…pe… maggassa niyyānaṭṭho hetvaṭṭho dassanaṭṭho ādhipateyyaṭṭho…pe… anaññathā’’ti (paṭi. ma. 2.8).

Evaṃ vibhattānaṃ catunnaṃ catunnaṃ atthānaṃ vasena dukkhādīni veditabbāni. Ayaṃ tāvettha padattho.

Dhammabhedato pana taṇhāvajjitā sabbalokiyadhammā, saṃkilesikavajjitā vā dukkhasaccaṃ nāma, taṇhā pana sabbā akusalā vā lokiyakusalā vā dhammā samudayasaccaṃ nāma, nibbānaṃ nirodhasaccaṃ nāma, lokuttarakusalacittasampayuttāni aṭṭhamaggaṅgāni dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ nāma. Imehi pana maggaṅgehi sampayuttā cittacetasikā dhammā ceva sāmaññaphalāni cettha asaṅgahitānīti veditabbāni. Tāni hi ‘‘yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkha’’nti (saṃ. ni. 3.15) vacanato saṅkhāradukkhasaṅgahitānipi. Yāya pariññāya bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ vussati tathattena na honti, dukkhaṃ ariyasaccanti na vuccanti, tāni ṭhapetvā sabbe lokiyalokuttaradhammā saṅgahitāti daṭṭhabbā. Ayaṃ dhammabhedo.

Vibhaṅganayato panettha suttantabhājanīye dukkhasaccaṃ tāva –

‘‘Tattha katamaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ? Jātipi dukkhā, jarāpi dukkhā, maraṇampi dukkhaṃ, sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsāpi dukkhā, appiyehi sampayogo dukkho, piyehi vippayogo dukkho, yampicchaṃ na labhati, tampi dukkhaṃ, saṃkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā’’ti (vibha. 190) –

Uddisitvā vibhattaṃ. Tattha dukkhaṃ tividhaṃ hoti dukkhadukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadukkhaṃ saṅkhāradukkhanti. Tattha dukkhadukkhaṃ duvidhaṃ pariyāyadukkhaṃ nippariyāyadukkhanti. Tattha kāyikacetasikadukkhadomanassavedanā nippariyāyadukkhaṃ nāma, tadavasesā pana dukkhadukkhassa vatthubhūtā pañcupādānakkhandhā pariyāyadukkhaṃ nāma. Sukhasomanassavedanā vipariṇāmadukkhaṃ nāma. Sabbe pana pañcupādānakkhandhā, sabbasaṅkhatā vā saṅkhāradukkhaṃ nāma. Imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ dukkhānaṃ vasena yathāyogaṃ tīsu bhavesu jātiādīnaṃ dukkhadukkhatā veditabbā. Kāmabhavasmiṃ hi jāti tāva sayaṃ na dukkhā, apāyagatimanussagatiādīsu pana nirayaggisantāpādimūlakaṃ, gabbhokkantikādimūlakaṃ, jighacchāpipāsādimūlakañca dukkhaṃ tassa sabbassa kāyikacetasikadukkhassa vatthubhāvena pariyāyato dukkhanti. Tathā jarāmaraṇādayopi. Kevalaṃ jarā kāyadubbalatāmūlassa, puttadārādiparibhavamūlassa ca, maraṇaṃ pana māraṇantikavedanābhūtassa, nirayādigatinimittadassanamūlassa ca dukkhassa vatthubhāvato, sokādayo sokādimūlassa kāyikacetasikadukkhassa vatthubhāvattā ceva sayaṃ dukkhattā ca dukkhāti veditabbā. Vipariṇāmadukkhasaṅkhāradukkhatā cesaṃ pasiddhāyeva. Evaṃ kāmabhave jātiādīnaṃ tīhipi dukkhehi dukkhatā veditabbā. Rūpārūpabhavesu pana yasmā sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā na santi, tasmā tattha jātiādīnaṃ vipariṇāmadukkhasaṅkhāradukkhavasena ca dukkhatā veditabbā, na dukkhadukkhavasenāti ayaṃ dukkhasacce nayo.

Samudayasaccaṃ pana ‘‘kāmataṇhā bhavataṇhā vibhavataṇhā’’ti (vibha. 203) tattakameva uddisitvā ‘‘sā kho panesā taṇhā kattha uppajjamānā uppajjatī’’ti (vibha. 203) pucchitvā channaṃ channaṃ indriyavisayaviññāṇaphassavedanāsaññācetanātaṇhāvitakkavicārānaṃ visayabhūtānaṃ vasena taṇhāya ‘‘etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjatī’’ti evaṃ uppattiṃ pakāsetvā vitthārato vibhattaṃ.

Nirodhasaccaṃ pana ‘‘tassā eva taṇhāya asesavirāganirodho cāgo paṭinissaggo mutti anālayo’’ti (vibha. 204) vatvā puna ‘‘sā kho panesā taṇhā kattha nirujjhamānā nirujjhatī’’ti (vibha. 204) pucchitvā samudayasacce vuttaindriyādīnaṃ vasena paṭilomato taṇhāya nirodhaṃ pakāsetvā vitthārato vibhattaṃ. Tattha asesavirāganirodhotiādīni padāni nibbānavevacanāni. Nibbānaṃ hi āgamma taṇhā asesā virajjati, nirujjhati, cajīyati, paṭinissajjīyati, muccati, na allīyati, tasmā ‘‘asesavirāganirodho cāgo paṭinissaggo mutti anālayo’’ti vuccati. Ekameva hi nibbānaṃ, nāmāni panassa sabbasaṅkhatānaṃ nāmapaṭipakkhavasena anekāni honti.

Nanu pāṭekkaṃ nibbānaṃ nāma natthi, kilesakkhayamattameva nibbānaṃ, teneva ca tāsu tāsu suttābhidhammadesanāsu ‘‘rāgakkhayo dosakkhayo’’tiādinā (saṃ. ni. 4.314) vuttanti ce? Na, arahattanibbānānaṃ ekatāpajjanato. Arahattampi hi ‘‘yo kho, āvuso, rāgakkhayo dosakkhayo mohakkhayo, idaṃ vuccati arahatta’’nti (saṃ. ni. 4.314) rāgādīnaṃ parikkhayante uppannattā upacārena arahattaṃ rāgakkhayādibhāvena vuccati, tathā rāgādīnaṃ khayahetuttā nibbānampi rāgakkhayādibhāvena vuttanti gahetabbaṃ. Itarathā nibbānassa bahuttaṃ āpajjati rāgādīnaṃ bahunnaṃ khayassāpi bahuttā. Sabbakilesānampi khayassa ekattena paṭhamamaggena diṭṭhiādīnaṃ khaye sabbakilesakkhayo āpajjati, oḷārikattañcassa siyā tiracchānānampi uppannarāgakkhayassa pākaṭattena nibbānappattito, gotrabhūkkhaṇepi ca rāgādikkhayo hoti gotrabhuno nibbānavisayattā, maggassa pana nibbānārammaṇatāappasaṅgo. Na hi attanā khepiyamānakilesakkhayamārabbha maggo uppajjati, abhāvo cassa āpajjati rāgādikkhayabhūtassa pana abhāvassa pakkhavasena tuccharūpattā, tassāpi bhāvattābhāvāva vivekalakkhaṇaṃ na siyā, saṅkhatatā cassa siyā. Na hi kadāci upalabbhamānaṃ asaṅkhataṃ bhavitumarahati sabbesampi ahetukattāpattito, saṅkhatattepi cassa na nibbānattaṃ uppattijarābhaṅgasamaṅgitāya dukkhattā, tathā ca abhāvassāpi abhāvo, anavaṭṭhānañca khīṇānampi rāgādīnaṃ puna uppajjanaṃ yesaṃ tesameva abhāvo abhāvassa vinaṭṭhattā.

Apica kāraṇantarena vā bhāve uppanne rāgādīnaṃ na kāci hāni hoti. Na hi aññassuppattiyaṃ aññaṃ vigacchati. Abhāvo bhāvassa virodhi, virodhisannidhāne ca itaraṃ vigacchatīti ce? Kimidaṃ vigamanaṃ nāma. Yadi tampi bhāvarūpaṃ, samānadosatā cassa siyā anavaṭṭhānañca, na ca atthasiddhi. Yadi tuccharūpaṃ, kiṃ paṭhamamevassa tuccharūpatāya upagatāya dūrampi gantvā upagantabbāti siddhā, rāgādikkhayabhūtassa nibbānassa tuccharūpatāya abhāvo, na ca abhāvo eva nibbānaṃ. Atītānāgatadosānamabhāve nibbānappattiyā abhāvato vattamānānañca abhāvo nāma. Abhāvo nāma na kilesavigamamatto, api tu anuppattibhāvena. Accantavigamo nibbānenāpi sampādīyatīti ce? Na, tassa kāraṇabhāvā. Vipassanā kāraṇamiti ce? Na, attādivikappajanakasaṅkhatadhammadassanena vinā anattādivikappabhūtāya vipassanāya anuppattito. Yadi hi uppajjeyya, tāya sabbepi sattā vimuttā eva siyuṃ, no ca kadāci na puccheyya viruddhadhammadassanābhāvā. Na hi dassanaṃ vinā vikappo sambhavati, na ca attāti vikappajanakarūpādidassanameva tabbiruddhavikappajanakaṃ hoti. Buddhānañca paramparopadesena rūpādīsu vipassanāvikappo uppajjatīti ce? Na, tesampi viruddhadassanābhāvena vipassanāvikappānuppattito. Na hi yādisāya kāraṇasāmaggiyā yādisaṃ kāriyaṃ uppajjati, tādisāya eva tabbiruddhaṃ uppajjati ahetukattappasaṅgato. Na ca viruddhadassanābhāvena ekassa vipassanāvikappajanakasāmatthiyābhāvato tādisānaṃ paramparāyapi tabbhāvo, tadupadeso ca sambhavati. Tilakkhaṇūpadesanānantarikatāya pana buddhānaṃ nibbānasacchikiriyā siddhi, tenevassa kilesānamaccantappahānassa, vipassanopadesasāmatthiyassa ca siddhīti nibbānameva tadubhayakāraṇaṃ, nāññanti gahetabbaṃ.

Kasmā pana nibbānadassanena rāgādīnaṃ accantappahānaṃ, tilakkhaṇañca hoti. Na hi aññassa dassanena itararāgappahānaṃ, tilakkhaṇañāṇañca yuttanti? Na, asaṅkhatadassanena saṅkhatassa vā dosassa vā pākaṭattā. Diṭṭhaaccantasukhānaṃ hi vaṭṭasukhe, tannissayārammaṇādīsu ca sukhābhimāno, vaṭṭābhirati ca pahīyati diṭṭhaparatīrassa nāvikassa nāvāyekadese sukhābhimānābhiratiyo viya. Apica saṅkhatadhammesu allinā rāgādayo asaṅkhatadhamme saṇṭhātuṃ na sakkonti aggikkhandhe viya makkhikā, thale viya ca jalacarā, nibbānadassanena pahīnadosassa cittassa yāthāvato tesu saṅkhatesu tilakkhaṇadassanaṃ sambhavati bhesajjālepena vihatakācatimirādidosassa cakkhuno ghaṭādirūpadassanaṃ viya, diṭṭhadosesu cassa saṅkhāresu na puna rāgādīnamuppatti ñātā sucibhāve viya vaccakūpeti veditabbaṃ.

Kasmā pana kesañci sattānaṃ eva nibbānasacchikiriyāsambhavo, na sabbesanti? Anādibuddhaparamparopadesasāpekkhattā, tesañca upadesakānaṃ sabbattha sabbadā abhāvato, sotūnañca khaṇasampattiyā accantadullabhattā, cakkavāḷānañca anantattā, tasmā keci eva buddhuppādakāle tilakkhaṇopadesalābhena nibbānaṃ sacchikaronti, na sabbeti gahetabbaṃ.

Kathaṃ panettha rāgādīnaṃ accantavigamo nibbānena sādhīyatīti? Na tāva so, atītānāgatānaṃ tesamidāni abhāvā, pubbe ca tassa vijjamānattā, vattamānānaṃ sarasanirodhato. Kathañcassa tuccharūpassa nibbānassa hetutte yathāvuttadosānamavasaroti ce? Na, tassa bhāvarūpattā. Pubbabhāgapaṭipattiyā hi nibbānamārabbha anusayājananabhāvena uppannamaggā eva kilesānamanuppādanirodho taduppattiyā āyatiṃ uppajjanārahānaṃ anuppattito aggisannidhāne aṅkurājanakabhāvena uppannasālikkhandhassa bījatābhāvarūpatā viya. Na hi abhāvo nāma koci paramatthato atthi, yo kāraṇena janīyati tabbiruddhakkhaṇuppādanabhāvovuppādanaṃ anekakkhaṇuppādanena khandhakārābhāvuppādanaṃ viya, tasmā kilesānaṃ anuppattinirodhasaṅkhātassa ariyamaggassa upanissayattā upanissayopacārena nibbānaṃ ‘‘asesavirāganirodho’’tiādinā vuttaṃ. Sarūpeneva kasmā na vuttanti ce? Abhisukhumattā, anupaladdhapubbattā ca, sukhumatā cassa bhagavato appossukkatāvacanato, ariyena cakkhunā passitabbato ca veditabbā.

Ettha pana paravādī āha – ‘‘nattheva nibbānaṃ anupalabbhanīyato’’ti. Na anupalabbhanīyaṃ tassa siddhattā. Upalabbhati hi taṃ tadanurūpapaṭipattiyā ariyehi. Apica nibbānaṃ natthīti na vattabbaṃ sabbasattānaṃ viruddhadhammānaṃ bhāvena apavaggābhāvappasaṅgato. Na ca taṃ yuttaṃ uṇhādipaṭipakkhassa sītādino viya bhavapaṭipakkhassa nibbānassapi avassaṃbhāvā. Vuttañca –

‘‘Yathāpi uṇhe vijjante, aparaṃ vijjati sītalaṃ;

Evaṃ tividhaggi vijjante, nibbānaṃ icchitabbaka’’nti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.11) –

Ādi. Accantanirodhahetuno vipassanopadesassa dassanato ca attheva nibbānaṃ taṃ vinā tassāsambhavatoti vuttovāyamattho. Tadetaṃ purimāya koṭiyā abhāvato appabhavaṃ, tatova ajarāmaraṇaṃ, niccañca hotīti aṇuādīnampi niccabhāvapatti nibbānasseva niccattāti ce? Na, bhinnādhikaraṇattena hetulakkhaṇassānupapattito. Aṇuādīnampi asaṅkhatatā iti ce? Na, asaṅkhatatāsiddhito asaṅkhatānañcānekattānupapattito. Yadi hi asaṅkhataṃ nāma bhaveyya, ekeneva bhavitabbaṃ desakālasabhāvabhedassa kāraṇabhedakattā, bhinnasabhāvānampi ahetukatte atippasaṅgato.

Saṅkhatehi sabhāvabhinnassa nibbānassa kathaṃ ahetukatāti ce? Asaṅkhatasabhāvena saṅkhatasabhāvehi bhinnassa kāraṇānapekkhattā. Asaṅkhatatte hi samāne bhavasabhāvabhedo kāraṇabhedaṃ sūcayati, tasmā ekameva niccaṃ bhavitumarahati, tañca yathāvuttayuttito, sabbaññuvacanato ca paramatthato vijjamānaṃ nibbānameva. Vuttaṃ hetaṃ bhagavatā ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, ajātaṃ abhūtaṃ akataṃ asaṅkhata’’nti (itivu. 43). Ayaṃ dukkhanirodhasacce nayo.

Itaraṃ pana ‘‘sammādiṭṭhi…pe… sammāsamādhī’’ti uddisitvā vitthārato vibhattaṃ. Vinicchayo panettha maggaṅgavibhaṅge āvi bhavissatīti ayaṃ suttantabhājanīyanayo.

Abhidhammabhājanīye pana –

‘‘Cattāri saccāni dukkhaṃ dukkhasamudayo dukkhanirodho dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā. Tattha taṇhā dukkhasamudayo. Avasesā sāsavadhammā…pe… dukkhaṃ. Taṇhāya pahānaṃ dukkhanirodho. Aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti (vibha. 206) –

Vatvā aṭṭha maggaṅgāni vitthārato niddisitvā ‘‘avasesā dhammā dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya sampayuttā’’ti (vibha. 206 ādayo) evaṃ paṭhamavāre cattāri saccāni vibhattāni. Tāni puna aparehipi ‘‘taṇhā, avasesā ca kilesā samudayo, tathā taṇhā, avasesā ca kilesā, avasesā ca akusalā samudayo, tathā taṇhā, avasesā ca kilesā, avasesā ca akusalā, tīṇi ca kusalamūlāni, sāsavāni samudayo, tathā taṇhā, avasesā ca kilesā, avasesā ca akusalā, tīṇi ca kusalamūlāni, sāsavāni, avasesā ca sāsavakusaladhammā samudayo. Avasesā sāsavadhammā dukkhaṃ, tassa tassa samudayassa pahānaṃ nirodho, aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo paṭipadā’’ti imehi vārehi vibhattāni. Tattha ‘‘ariyasaccānī’’ti avatvā nippadesato paccayasaṅkhātaṃ samudayaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘saccānī’’ti vuttaṃ. Ariyasaccesu hi taṇhāva samudayo, na itare. Na ca kevalaṃ taṇhāva dukkhaṃ samudāneti, avasesā kusalākusalāpi paccayaṃ samudānentiyevāti tepi samudayato dassetuṃ ‘‘saccāni’’tveva vuttaṃ. Tato paraṃ yasmā aṭṭhaṅgiko maggova paṭipadāti. Sampayuttā pana phassādayo sabbepi dhammā paṭipadā eva, tasmā taṃ nayaṃ dassetuṃ sabbasaṅgāhikavārepi sabbāni vibhattāni. Ettha hi ariyadhanāneva saṅgahitāni. Sesaṃ sadisamevāti ayaṃ abhidhammabhājanīyanayo.

Pañhāpucchakanaye pana catunnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ kati kusalā…pe… kati araṇā? Samudayasaccaṃ akusalaṃ, nirodhasaccaṃ abyākataṃ, dukkhasaccaṃ tidhāpi. Samudayo savitakkasavicāro, nirodho avitakkaavicāro, maggo tidhāpi, dukkhaṃ tidhāpi, na vattabbaṃ ca. Tīṇi saccāni anidassanaappaṭighāni, dukkhaṃ tidhāpi. Samudayo hetu, nirodho na hetu, sesā dvidhāpi. Dve saccāni lokiyāni, magganirodhā lokuttarā. Samudayasaccaṃ saraṇaṃ, dve saccāni araṇāni, dukkhaṃ duvidhāpi. Ayaṃ pañhāpucchakanayo. Idāni panettha –

Kamatonūnādhikato, lakkhaṇādīhi suññato;

Ñāṇakiccopamā ñeyyo, pāḷimuttavinicchayo.

Tattha kamato tāva idhāpi desanākkamova yujjati. Ettha oḷārikattā, sabbasattasādhāraṇattā ca suviññeyyanti dukkhasaccaṃ paṭhamaṃ vuttaṃ, tato tasseva hetudassanatthaṃ samudayasaccaṃ, tato ‘‘hetunirodhā bhavanirodho’’ti ñāpanatthaṃ nirodhasaccaṃ, tadadhigamupāyadassanatthaṃ ante maggasaccaṃ. Bhavasukhassādagadhitānaṃ saṃvegajananatthaṃ paṭhamaṃ dukkhamāha, tato ‘‘bhavaṃ neva ahetukaṃ āgacchati, na issaranimmānādinā hoti, ito pana hotī’’ti ñāpanatthaṃ samudayasaccaṃ, tato sahetukena dukkhena abhibhūtattā saṃviggamānasānaṃ tannissaraṇadassanena assāsajananatthaṃ nirodhaṃ, tato nirodhasampāpakaṃ magganti ayamettha kamo.

Anūnādhikato pana kasmā cattāri eva saccānīti ce? Tato aññassa asambhavato, aññatarassa ca anapaneyyato. Apica pavattimācikkhanto bhagavā sahetukaṃ ācikkhati, nivattiñca saupāyaṃ. Iti pavattinivattitadubhayahetūnaṃ etaparamato cattāri eva vuttānīti ayametthānūnādhikato.

Lakkhaṇādīhi panettha lakkhaṇato bādhanalakkhaṇaṃ dukkhasaccaṃ, santāpanarasaṃ, pavattipaccupaṭṭhānaṃ. Pabhavalakkhaṇaṃ samudayasaccaṃ, anupacchedakaraṇarasaṃ, palibodhapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ. Santilakkhaṇaṃ nirodhasaccaṃ, accutirasaṃ, animittapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ. Niyyānalakkhaṇaṃ maggasaccaṃ, kilesapahānakaraṇarasaṃ, vuṭṭhānapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ. Apica pavattipavattakanivattinivattakalakkhaṇāni paṭipāṭiyā, tathā saṅkhatataṇhāasaṅkhatadassanalakkhaṇāni cāti imānettha lakkhaṇāni.

Suññato panetāni yathākkamaṃ vedakakārakanibbutagamakābhāvato suññāni. Vuttañca –

‘‘Dukkhameva hi, na koci dukkhito,

Kārako na, kiriyāva vijjati;

Atthi nibbuti, na nibbuto pumā,

Maggamatthi, gamako na vijjatī’’ti. (vibha. aṭṭha. 189);

Atha vā –

Dhuvasubhasukhattasuññaṃ,

Purimadvayamattasuññamamatapadaṃ;

Dhuvasubhasukhaattavirahito,

Maggo iti suññato tesu. (vibha. aṭṭha. 189);

Nirodhasuññāni vā tīṇi. Nirodho ca sesattayasuñño. Phalasuñño vā hettha hetu samudayamaggesu dukkhanirodhānaṃ abhāvā pakativādīnaṃ pakati viya. Hetusuññañca phalaṃ dukkhasamudayānaṃ, nirodhamaggānañca asamavāyā, na hetusamavetaṃ hetuphalaṃ. Hetuphalasamavāyavādīnaṃ dviaṇukādīni viyāti ayamettha suññatā.

Ñāṇakiccatoti ettha duvidhaṃ saccañāṇaṃ anubodhañāṇaṃ, paṭivedhañāṇañca. Tattha anubodhañāṇaṃ lokiyaṃ, taṃ anussavādivasena nirodhe, magge ca pavattati. Paṭivedhañāṇaṃ lokuttaraṃ, taṃ saccāvabodhapaṭipakkhakilese khepentaṃ nirodhamārammaṇaṃ katvā kiccato cattāripi saccāni paṭivijjhati. Yaṃ panetaṃ lokiyaṃ, tattha dukkhañāṇaṃ pariyuṭṭhānābhibhavanavasena pavattamānaṃ sakkāyadiṭṭhiṃ nivatteti, samudayañāṇaṃ ucchedadiṭṭhiṃ, nirodhañāṇaṃ sassatadiṭṭhiṃ, maggañāṇaṃ akiriyadiṭṭhiṃ. Dukkhañāṇaṃ vā tesu dhuvasubhasukhattabhāvarahitesu khandhesu dhuvasubhasukhattabhāvasaññāsaṅkhātaṃ phale vippaṭipattiṃ, samudayañāṇaṃ ‘‘issarapadhānakālasabhāvādīhi loko pavattatī’’ti akāraṇe kāraṇābhimānappavattaṃ hetumhi vippaṭipattiṃ, nirodhañāṇaṃ arūpalokādīsu apavaggaggāhabhūtaṃ nirodhe vippaṭipattiṃ, maggañāṇaṃ kāmasukhallikaattakilamathānuyogappabhede avisuddhimagge visuddhimaggaggāhavasena pavattaṃ upāye vippaṭipattiṃ nivatteti. Idamettha ñāṇakiccaṃ.

Upamāto panettha bhāro viya hi dukkhasaccaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ, bhārādānamiva samudayasaccaṃ, bhāranikkhepanamiva nirodhasaccaṃ, bhāranikkhepanupāyo viya maggasaccaṃ. Apica rogatannidānatadupasamabhesajjehi, orimatīramahoghapārimatīrataṃsampāpakopāyehi cāti evamādīhi yathākkamaṃ yojetvāpi etāni upamāto veditabbāni. Ayamettha upamā. Evaṃ ñeyyo pāḷimuttavinicchayo.

Saccavibhaṅgamātikatthavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.