Ānāpānassatisamādhikathā

165. Atha kho bhagavā…pe… bhikkhū āmantesi – ayampi kho bhikkhaveti āmantetvā ca pana bhikkhūnaṃ arahattappattiyā pubbe ācikkhitaasubhakammaṭṭhānato aññaṃ pariyāyaṃ ācikkhanto ‘‘ānāpānassatisamādhī’’ti āha.

Idāni yasmā bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ santapaṇītakammaṭṭhānadassanatthameva ayaṃ pāḷi vuttā, tasmā aparihāpetvā atthayojanākkamaṃ ettha vaṇṇanaṃ karissāmi. Tatra ‘‘ayampi kho bhikkhave’’ti imassa tāva padassa ayaṃ yojanā – bhikkhave na kevalaṃ asubhabhāvanāyeva kilesappahānāya saṃvattati, apica ayampi kho ānāpānassatisamādhi…pe… vūpasametīti.

Ayaṃ panettha atthavaṇṇanā – ānāpānassatīti assāsapassāsapariggāhikā sati. Vuttañhetaṃ paṭisambhidāyaṃ –

‘‘Ānanti assāso, no passāso. Apānanti passāso, no assāso. Assāsavasena upaṭṭhānaṃ sati, passāsavasena upaṭṭhānaṃ sati. Yo assasati tassupaṭṭhāti, yo passasati tassupaṭṭhātī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.160).

Samādhīti tāya ānāpānapariggāhikāya satiyā saddhiṃ uppannā cittekaggatā; samādhisīsena cāyaṃ desanā, na satisīsena. Tasmā ānāpānassatiyā yutto samādhi ānāpānassatisamādhi, ānāpānassatiyaṃ vā samādhi ānāpānassatisamādhīti evamettha attho veditabbo. Bhāvitoti uppādito vaḍḍhito ca. Bahulīkatoti punappunaṃ kato. Santo ceva paṇīto cāti santo ceva paṇīto ceva, ubhayattha evasaddena niyamo veditabbo. Kiṃ vuttaṃ hoti? Ayañhi yathā asubhakammaṭṭhānaṃ kevalaṃ paṭivedhavasena santañca paṇītañca oḷārikārammaṇattā pana paṭikūlārammaṇattā ca ārammaṇavasena neva santaṃ na paṇītaṃ, na evaṃ kenaci pariyāyena asanto vā appaṇīto vā, apica kho ārammaṇasantatāyapi santo vūpasanto nibbuto paṭivedhasaṅkhātaaṅgasantatāyapi ārammaṇappaṇītatāyapi paṇīto atittikaro aṅgappaṇītatāyapīti. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘santo ceva paṇīto cā’’ti.

Asecanako ca sukho ca vihāroti ettha pana nāssa secananti asecanako anāsittako abbokiṇṇo pāṭekko āveṇiko, natthettha parikammena vā upacārena vā santatā ādimanasikārato pabhuti attano sabhāveneva santo ca paṇīto cāti attho. Keci pana asecanakoti anāsittako ojavanto sabhāveneva madhuroti vadanti. Evamayaṃ asecanako ca appitappitakkhaṇe kāyikacetasikasukhappaṭilābhāya saṃvattanato sukho ca vihāroti veditabbo.

Uppannuppanneti avikkhambhite avikkhambhite. Pāpaketi lāmake. Akusale dhammeti akosallasambhūte dhamme. Ṭhānaso antaradhāpetīti khaṇeneva antaradhāpeti vikkhambheti. Vūpasametīti suṭṭhu upasameti, nibbedhabhāgiyattā vā anupubbena ariyamaggavuḍḍhippato samucchindati paṭippassambhetītipi attho.

Seyyathāpīti opammanidassanametaṃ. Gimhānaṃ pacchime māseti āsāḷhamāse. Ūhataṃ rajojallanti addhamāse vātātapasukkhāya gomahiṃsādipādappahārasambhinnāya pathaviyā uddhaṃ hataṃ ūhataṃ ākāse samuṭṭhitaṃ rajañca reṇuñca. Mahā akālameghoti sabbaṃ nabhaṃ ajjhottharitvā uṭṭhito āsāḷhajuṇhapakkhe sakalaṃ addhamāsaṃ vassanakamegho. So hi asampatte vassakāle uppannattā akālameghoti idhādhippeto. Ṭhānaso antaradhāpeti vūpasametīti khaṇeneva adassanaṃ neti, pathaviyaṃ sannisīdāpeti. Evameva khoti opammasampaṭipādanametaṃ. Tato paraṃ vuttanayameva.

Idāni kathaṃ bhāvito ca bhikkhave ānāpānassatisamādhīti ettha kathanti ānāpānassatisamādhibhāvanaṃ nānappakārato vitthāretukamyatāpucchā. Bhāvito ca bhikkhave ānāpānassatisamādhīti nānappakārato vitthāretukamyatāya puṭṭhadhammanidassanaṃ. Esa nayo dutiyapadepi. Ayaṃ panettha saṅkhepattho – bhikkhave kenapakārena kenākārena kena vidhinā bhāvito ānāpānassatisamādhi kenapakārena bahulīkato santo ceva…pe… vūpasametīti.

Idāni tamatthaṃ vitthārento ‘‘idha bhikkhave’’tiādimāha. Tattha idha bhikkhave bhikkhūti bhikkhave imasmiṃ sāsane bhikkhu. Ayañhettha idhasaddo sabbappakāraānāpānassatisamādhinibbattakassa puggalassa sannissayabhūtasāsanaparidīpano aññasāsanassa tathābhāvapaṭisedhano ca. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘idheva, bhikkhave, samaṇo…pe… suññā parappavādā samaṇebhi aññehī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.139). Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘imasmiṃ sāsane bhikkhū’’ti.

Araññagato vā…pe… suññāgāragato vāti idamassa ānāpānassatisamādhibhāvanānurūpasenāsanapariggahaparidīpanaṃ. Imassa hi bhikkhuno dīgharattaṃ rūpādīsu ārammaṇesu anuvisaṭaṃ cittaṃ ānāpānassatisamādhiārammaṇaṃ abhiruhituṃ na icchati. Kūṭagoṇayuttaratho viya uppathameva dhāvati. Tasmā seyyathāpi nāma gopo kūṭadhenuyā sabbaṃ khīraṃ pivitvā vaḍḍhitaṃ kūṭavacchaṃ dametukāmo dhenuto apanetvā ekamante mahantaṃ thambhaṃ nikhaṇitvā tattha yottena bandheyya. Athassa so vaccho ito cito ca vipphanditvā palāyituṃ asakkonto tameva thambhaṃ upanisīdeyya vā upanipajjeyya vā; evameva imināpi bhikkhunā dīgharattaṃ rūpārammaṇādirasapānavaḍḍhitaṃ duṭṭhacittaṃ dametukāmena rūpādiārammaṇato apanetvā araññaṃ vā…pe… suññāgāraṃ vā pavesetvā tattha assāsapassāsathambhe satiyottena bandhitabbaṃ. Evamassa taṃ cittaṃ ito cito ca vipphanditvāpi pubbe āciṇṇārammaṇaṃ alabhamānaṃ satiyottaṃ chinditvā palāyituṃ asakkontaṃ tamevārammaṇaṃ upacārappanāvasena upanisīdati ceva upanipajjati ca. Tenāhu porāṇā –

‘‘Yathā thambhe nibandheyya, vacchaṃ dammaṃ naro idha;

Bandheyyevaṃ sakaṃ cittaṃ, satiyārammaṇe daḷha’’nti. (visuddhi. 1.217; dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.374; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.107; paṭi. ma. aṭṭha. 2.1.163);

Evamassetaṃ senāsanaṃ bhāvanānurūpaṃ hoti. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘idamassa ānāpānassatisamaādhibhāvanānurūpasenāsanapariggahaparidīpana’’nti.

Atha vā yasmā idaṃ kammaṭṭhānappabhede muddhabhūtaṃ sabbaññubuddhapaccekabuddhabuddhasāvakānaṃ visesādhigamadiṭṭhadhammasukhavihārapadaṭṭhānaṃ ānāpānassatikammaṭṭhānaṃ itthipurisahatthiassādisaddasamākulaṃ gāmantaṃ apariccajitvā na sukaraṃ sampādetuṃ, saddakaṇṭakattā jhānassa. Agāmake pana araññe sukaraṃ yogāvacarena idaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ pariggahetvā ānāpānacatutthajjhānaṃ nibbattetvā tadeva ca pādakaṃ katvā saṅkhāre sammasitvā aggaphalaṃ arahattaṃ sampāpuṇituṃ, tasmāssa anurūpaṃsenāsanaṃ dassento bhagavā ‘‘araññagato vā’’tiādimāha.

Vatthuvijjācariyo viya hi bhagavā, so yathā vatthuvijjācariyo nagarabhūmiṃ passitvā suṭṭhu upaparikkhitvā ‘‘ettha nagaraṃ māpethā’’ti upadisati, sotthinā ca nagare niṭṭhite rājakulato mahāsakkāraṃ labhati; evameva yogāvacarassa anurūpasenāsanaṃ upaparikkhitvā ettha kammaṭṭhānaṃ anuyuñjitabbanti upadisati. Tato tattha kammaṭṭhānaṃ anuyuttena yoginā kamena arahatte patte ‘‘sammāsambuddho vata so bhagavā’’ti mahantaṃ sakkāraṃ labhati. Ayaṃ pana bhikkhu ‘‘dīpisadiso’’ti vuccati. Yathā hi mahādīpirājā araññe tiṇagahanaṃ vā vanagahanaṃ vā pabbatagahanaṃ vā nissāya nilīyitvā vanamahiṃsagokaṇṇasūkarādayo mige gaṇhāti; evamevāyaṃ araññādīsu kammaṭṭhānaṃ anuyuñjanto bhikkhu yathākkamena sotāpattisakadāgāmianāgāmiarahattamagge ceva ariyaphalañca gaṇhātīti veditabbo. Tenāhu porāṇā –

‘‘Yathāpi dīpiko nāma, nilīyitvā gaṇhatī mige;

Tathevāyaṃ buddhaputto, yuttayogo vipassako;

Araññaṃ pavisitvāna, gaṇhāti phalamuttama’’nti. (mi. pa. 6.1.5);

Tenassa parakkamajavayoggabhūmiṃ araññasenāsanaṃ dassento bhagavā ‘‘araññagato vā’’tiādimāha.

Tattha araññagato vāti araññanti ‘‘nikkhamitvā bahi indakhīlā sabbametaṃ arañña’’nti (vibha. 529) ca ‘‘āraññakaṃ nāma senāsanaṃ pañcadhanusatikaṃ pacchima’’nti (pārā. 653) ca evaṃ vuttalakkhaṇesu araññesu anurūpaṃ yaṃkiñci pavivekasukhaṃ araññaṃ gato. Rukkhamūlagato vāti rukkhasamīpaṃ gato. Suññāgāragato vāti suññaṃ vivittokāsaṃ gato. Ettha ca ṭhapetvā araññañca rukkhamūlañca avasesasattavidhasenāsanagatopi suññāgāragatoti vattuṃ vaṭṭati. Evamassa ututtayānukūlaṃ dhātucariyānukūlañca ānāpānassatibhāvanānurūpaṃ senāsanaṃ upadisitvā alīnānuddhaccapakkhikaṃ santamiriyāpathaṃ upadisanto ‘‘nisīdatī’’ti āha. Athassa nisajjāya daḷhabhāvaṃ assāsapassāsānaṃ pavattanasukhataṃ ārammaṇapariggahūpāyañca dassento ‘‘pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā’’tiādimāha.

Tattha pallaṅkanti samantato ūrubaddhāsanaṃ. Ābhujitvāti ābandhitvā. Ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāyāti uparimaṃ sarīraṃ ujukaṃ ṭhapetvā, aṭṭhārasa piṭṭhikaṇṭake koṭiyā koṭiṃ paṭipādetvā. Evañhi nisinnassa cammamaṃsanhārūni na paṇamanti. Athassa yā tesaṃ paṇamanappaccayā khaṇe khaṇe vedanā uppajjeyyuṃ, tā na uppajjanti. Tāsu anuppajjamānāsu cittaṃ ekaggaṃ hoti. Kammaṭṭhānaṃ na paripatati. Vuḍḍhiṃ phātiṃ upagacchati.

Parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvāti kammaṭṭhānābhimukhaṃ satiṃ ṭhapayitvā. Atha vā ‘‘parī’’ti pariggahaṭṭho; ‘‘mukha’’nti niyyānaṭṭho; ‘‘satī’’ti upaṭṭhānaṭṭho; tena vuccati – ‘‘parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā’’ti. Evaṃ paṭisambhidāyaṃ (paṭi. ma. 1.164-165) vuttanayenapettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Tatrāyaṃ saṅkhepo – ‘‘pariggahitaniyyānaṃ satiṃ katvā’’ti. So satova assasatīti so bhikkhu evaṃ nisīditvā evañca satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā taṃ satiṃ avijahanto satoeva assasati, sato passasati, satokārī hotīti vuttaṃ hoti.

Idāni yehākārehi satokārī hoti, te dassento ‘‘dīghaṃ vā assasanto’’tiādimāha. Vuttañhetaṃ paṭisambhidāyaṃ – ‘‘so satova assasati, sato passasatī’’ti etasseva vibhaṅge –

‘‘Bāttiṃsāya ākārehi satokārī hoti. Dīghaṃ assāsavasena cittassa ekaggataṃ avikkhepaṃ pajānato sati upaṭṭhitā hoti. Tāya satiyā tena ñāṇena satokārī hoti. Dīghaṃ passāsavasena…pe… paṭinissaggānupassī assāsavasena paṭinissaggānupassī passāsavasena cittassa ekaggataṃ avikkhepaṃ pajānato sati upaṭṭhitā hoti. Tāya satiyā tena ñāṇena satokārī hotī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.165).

Tattha dīghaṃ vā assasantoti dīghaṃ vā assāsaṃ pavattento. ‘‘Assāso’’ti bahi nikkhamanavāto. ‘‘Passāso’’ti anto pavisanavāto. Suttantaṭṭhakathāsu pana uppaṭipāṭiyā āgataṃ.

Tattha sabbesampi gabbhaseyyakānaṃ mātukucchito nikkhamanakāle paṭhamaṃ abbhantaravāto bahi nikkhamati. Pacchā bāhiravāto sukhumaṃ rajaṃ gahetvā abbhantaraṃ pavisanto tāluṃ āhacca nibbāyati. Evaṃ tāva assāsapassāsā veditabbā. Yā pana tesaṃ dīgharassatā, sā addhānavasena veditabbā. Yathā hi okāsaddhānaṃ pharitvā ṭhitaṃ udakaṃ vā vālikā vā ‘‘dīghamudakaṃ dīghā vālikā, rassamudakaṃ rassā vālikā’’ti vuccati. Evaṃ cuṇṇavicuṇṇāpi assāsapassāsā hatthisarīre ahisarīre ca tesaṃ attabhāvasaṅkhātaṃ dīghaṃ addhānaṃ saṇikaṃ pūretvā saṇikameva nikkhamanti, tasmā ‘‘dīghā’’ti vuccanti. Sunakhasasādīnaṃ attabhāvasaṅkhātaṃ rassaṃ addhānaṃ sīghaṃ pūretvā sīghameva nikkhamanti, tasmā ‘‘rassā’’ti vuccanti. Manussesu pana keci hatthiahiādayo viya kāladdhānavasena dīghaṃ assasanti ca passasanti ca. Keci sunakhasasādayo viya rassaṃ. Tasmā tesaṃ kālavasena dīghamaddhānaṃ nikkhamantā ca pavisantā ca te dīghā. Ittaramaddhānaṃ nikkhamantā ca pavisantā ca ‘‘rassā’’ti veditabbā. Tatrāyaṃ bhikkhu navahākārehi dīghaṃ assasanto ca passasanto ca ‘‘dīghaṃ assasāmi passasāmī’’ti pajānāti. Evaṃ pajānato cassa ekenākārena kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānabhāvanā sampajjatīti veditabbā. Yathāha paṭisambhidāyaṃ –

‘‘Kathaṃ dīghaṃ assasanto ‘dīghaṃ assasāmī’ti pajānāti, dīghaṃ passasanto ‘dīghaṃ passasāmī’ti pajānāti? Dīghaṃ assāsaṃ addhānasaṅkhāte assasati, dīghaṃ passāsaṃ addhānasaṅkhāte passasati, dīghaṃ assāsapassāsaṃ addhānasaṅkhāte assasatipi passasatipi. Dīghaṃ assāsapassāsaṃ addhānasaṅkhāte assasatopi passasatopi chando uppajjati; chandavasena tato sukhumataraṃ dīghaṃ assāsaṃ addhānasaṅkhāte assasati, chandavasena tato sukhumataraṃ dīghaṃ passāsaṃ addhānasaṅkhāte passasati, chandavasena tato sukhumataraṃ dīghaṃ assāsapassāsaṃ addhānasaṅkhāte assasatipi passasatipi. Chandavasena tato sukhumataraṃ dīghaṃ assāsapassāsaṃ addhānasaṅkhāte assasatopi passasatopi pāmojjaṃ uppajjati; pāmojjavasena tato sukhumataraṃ dīghaṃ assāsaṃ addhānasaṅkhāte assasati, pāmojjavasena tato sukhumataraṃ dīghaṃ passāsaṃ…pe… dīghaṃ assāsapassāsaṃ addhānasaṅkhāte assasatipi passasatipi. Pāmojjavasena tato sukhumataraṃ dīghaṃ assāsapassāsaṃ addhānasaṅkhāte assasatopi passasatopi dīghaṃ assāsapassāsā cittaṃ vivattati, upekkhā saṇṭhāti. Imehi navahi ākārehi dīghaṃ assāsapassāsā kāyo; upaṭṭhānaṃ sati; anupassanā ñāṇaṃ; kāyo upaṭṭhānaṃ, no sati; sati upaṭṭhānañceva sati ca. Tāya satiyā tena ñāṇena taṃ kāyaṃ anupassati. Tena vuccati – ‘‘kāye kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānabhāvanā’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.166).

Eseva nayo rassapadepi. Ayaṃ pana viseso – ‘‘yathā ettha ‘dīghaṃ assāsaṃ addhānasaṅkhāte’ti vuttaṃ; evamidha ‘rassaṃ assāsaṃ ittarasaṅkhāte assasatī’’ti āgataṃ. Tasmā tassa vasena yāva ‘‘tena vuccati kāye kāyānupassanāsatipaṭṭhānabhāvanā’’ti tāva yojetabbaṃ. Evamayaṃ addhānavasena ittaravasena ca imehākārehi assāsapassāse pajānanto dīghaṃ vā assasanto ‘‘dīghaṃ assasāmī’’ti pajānāti…pe… rassaṃ vā passasanto ‘‘rassaṃ passasāmī’’ti pajānātīti veditabbo.

Evaṃ pajānato cassa –

‘‘Dīgho rasso ca assāso;

Passāsopi ca tādiso;

Cattāro vaṇṇā vattanti;

Nāsikaggeva bhikkhuno’’ti. (visuddhi. 1.219; paṭi. ma. aṭṭha. 2.1.163);

Sabbakāyappaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmi…pe… passasissāmīti sikkhatīti sakalassa assāsakāyassa ādimajjhapariyosānaṃ viditaṃ karonto pākaṭaṃ karonto ‘‘assasissāmī’’ti sikkhati. Sakalassa passāsakāyassa ādimajjhapariyosānaṃ viditaṃ karonto pākaṭaṃ karonto ‘‘passasissāmī’’ti sikkhati. Evaṃ viditaṃ karonto pākaṭaṃ karonto ñāṇasampayuttacittena assasati ceva passasati ca; tasmā ‘‘assasissāmi passasissāmī’’ti sikkhatīti vuccati. Ekassa hi bhikkhuno cuṇṇavicuṇṇavisaṭe assāsakāye passāsakāye vā ādi pākaṭo hoti, na majjhapariyosānaṃ. So ādimeva pariggahetuṃ sakkoti, majjhapariyosāne kilamati. Ekassa majjhaṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti, na ādipariyosānaṃ. So majjhameva pariggahetuṃ sakkoti, ādipariyosāne kilamati. Ekassa pariyosānaṃ pākaṭaṃ hoti, na ādimajjhaṃ. So pariyosānaṃyeva pariggahetuṃ sakkoti, ādimajjhe kilamati. Ekassa sabbampi pākaṭaṃ hoti, so sabbampi pariggahetuṃ sakkoti, na katthaci kilamati. Tādisena bhavitabbanti dassento āha – ‘‘sabbakāyappaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmi…pe… passasissāmīti sikkhatī’’ti.

Tattha sikkhatīti evaṃ ghaṭati vāyamati. Yo vā tathābhūtassa saṃvaro; ayamettha adhisīlasikkhā. Yo tathābhūtassa samādhi; ayaṃ adhicittasikkhā. Yā tathābhūtassa paññā; ayaṃ adhipaññāsikkhāti. Imā tisso sikkhāyo tasmiṃ ārammaṇe tāya satiyā tena manasikārena sikkhati āsevati bhāveti bahulīkarotīti evamettha attho daṭṭhabbo. Tattha yasmā purimanaye kevalaṃ assasitabbaṃ passasitabbameva ca, na aññaṃ kiñci kātabbaṃ; ito paṭṭhāya pana ñāṇuppādanādīsu yogo karaṇīyo. Tasmā tattha ‘‘assasāmīti pajānāti passasāmīti pajānāti’’cceva vattamānakālavasena pāḷiṃ vatvā ito paṭṭhāya kattabbassa ñāṇuppādanādino ākārassa dassanatthaṃ ‘‘sabbakāyappaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmī’’tiādinā nayena anāgatavacanavasena pāḷi āropitāti veditabbā.

Passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ assasissāmi…pe… passasissāmīti sikkhatīti oḷārikaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ passambhento paṭippassambhento nirodhento vūpasamento assasissāmi passasissāmīti sikkhati.

Tatrevaṃ oḷārikasukhumatā ca passaddhi ca veditabbā. Imassa hi bhikkhuno pubbe apariggahitakāle kāyo ca cittañca sadarathā honti. Oḷārikānaṃ kāyacittānaṃ oḷārikatte avūpasante assāsapassāsāpi oḷārikā honti, balavatarā hutvā pavattanti, nāsikā nappahoti, mukhena assasantopi passasantopi tiṭṭhati. Yadā panassa kāyopi cittampi pariggahitā honti, tadā te santā honti vūpasantā. Tesu vūpasantesu assāsapassāsā sukhumā hutvā pavattanti, ‘‘atthi nu kho natthī’’ti vicetabbākārappattā honti. Seyyathāpi purisassa dhāvitvā pabbatā vā orohitvā mahābhāraṃ vā sīsato oropetvā ṭhitassa oḷārikā assāsapassāsā honti, nāsikā nappahoti, mukhena assasantopi passasantopi tiṭṭhati. Yadā panesa taṃ parissamaṃ vinodetvā nhatvā ca pivitvā ca allasāṭakaṃ hadaye katvā sītāya chāyāya nipanno hoti, athassa te assāsapassāsā sukhumā honti, ‘‘atthi nu kho natthī’’ti vicetabbākārappattā. Evameva imassa bhikkhuno pubbe apariggahitakāle kāyo ca…pe… vicetabbākārappattā honti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hissa pubbe apariggahitakāle ‘‘oḷārikoḷārike kāyasaṅkhāre passambhemī’’ti ābhogasamannāhāramanasikārapaccavekkhaṇā natthi, pariggahitakāle pana atthi. Tenassa apariggahitakālato pariggahitakāle kāyasaṅkhāro sukhumo hoti. Tenāhu porāṇā –

‘‘Sāraddhe kāye citte ca, adhimattaṃ pavattati;

Asāraddhamhi kāyamhi, sukhumaṃ sampavattatī’’ti. (visuddhi. 1.220; paṭi. ma. aṭṭha. 2.1.163);

Pariggahepi oḷāriko, paṭhamajjhānūpacāre sukhumo; tasmimpi oḷāriko paṭhamajjhāne sukhumo. Paṭhamajjhāne ca dutiyajjhānūpacāre ca oḷāriko, dutiyajjhāne sukhumo. Dutiyajjhāne ca tatiyajjhānūpacāre ca oḷāriko, tatiyajjhāne sukhumo. Tatiyajjhāne ca catutthajjhānūpacāre ca oḷāriko, catutthajjhāne atisukhumo appavattimeva pāpuṇāti. Idaṃ tāva dīghabhāṇakasaṃyuttabhāṇakānaṃ mataṃ.

Majjhimabhāṇakā pana ‘‘paṭhamajjhāne oḷāriko, dutiyajjhānūpacāre sukhumo’’ti evaṃ heṭṭhimaheṭṭhimajjhānato uparūparijjhānūpacārepi sukhumataraṃ icchanti. Sabbesaṃyeva pana matena apariggahitakāle pavattakāyasaṅkhāro pariggahitakāle paṭippassambhati, pariggahitakāle pavattakāyasaṅkhāro paṭhamajjhānūpacāre…pe… catutthajjhānūpacāre pavattakāyasaṅkhāro catutthajjhāne paṭippassambhati. Ayaṃ tāva samathe nayo.

Vipassanāyaṃ pana apariggahe pavatto kāyasaṅkhāro oḷāriko, mahābhūtapariggahe sukhumo. Sopi oḷāriko, upādārūpapariggahe sukhumo. Sopi oḷāriko, sakalarūpapariggahe sukhumo. Sopi oḷāriko, arūpapariggahe sukhumo. Sopi oḷāriko, rūpārūpapariggahe sukhumo. Sopi oḷāriko, paccayapariggahe sukhumo. Sopi oḷāriko, sappaccayanāmarūpapariggahe sukhumo. Sopi oḷāriko, lakkhaṇārammaṇikavipassanāya sukhumo. Sopi dubbalavipassanāya oḷāriko, balavavipassanāya sukhumo. Tattha pubbe vuttanayeneva purimassa purimassa pacchimena pacchimena passaddhi veditabbā. Evamettha oḷārikasukhumatā ca passaddhi ca veditabbā.

Paṭisambhidāyaṃ panassa saddhiṃ codanāsodhanāhi evamattho vutto – ‘‘kathaṃ passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ assasissāmi…pe… passasissāmī’’ti sikkhati? Katame kāyasaṅkhārā? Dīghaṃ assāsā kāyikā ete dhammā kāyappaṭibaddhā kāyasaṅkhārā, te kāyasaṅkhāre passambhento nirodhento vūpasamento sikkhati. Dīghaṃ passāsā kāyikā ete dhammā…pe… rassaṃ assāsā…pe… rassaṃ passāsā… sabbakāyappaṭisaṃvedī assāsā… sabbakāyappaṭisaṃvedī passāsā kāyikā ete dhammā kāyappaṭibaddhā kāyasaṅkhārā, te kāyasaṅkhāre passambhento nirodhento vūpasamento sikkhati.

Yathārūpehi kāyasaṅkhārehi yā kāyassa ānamanā vinamanā sannamanā paṇamanā iñjanā phandanā calanā kampanā passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ assasissāmīti sikkhati, passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ passasissāmīti sikkhati.

Yathārūpehi kāyasaṅkhārehi yā kāyassa na ānamanā na vinamanā na sannamanā na paṇamanā aniñjanā aphandanā acalanā akampanā, santaṃ sukhumaṃ passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ assasissāmīti sikkhati, passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ passasissāmīti sikkhati.

Iti kira passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ assasissāmīti sikkhati, passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ passasissāmīti sikkhati. Evaṃ sante vātūpaladdhiyā ca pabhāvanā na hoti, assāsapassāsānañca pabhāvanā na hoti, ānāpānassatiyā ca pabhāvanā na hoti, ānāpānassatisamādhissa ca pabhāvanā na na hoti, na ca naṃ taṃ samāpattiṃ paṇḍitā samāpajjantipi vuṭṭhahantipi.

Iti kira passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ assasissāmi…pe… passasissāmīti sikkhati. Evaṃ sante vātūpaladdhiyā ca pabhāvanā hoti, assāsapassāsānañca pabhāvanā hoti, ānāpānassatiyā ca pabhāvanā hoti, ānāpānassatisamādhissa ca pabhāvanā hoti, tañca naṃ samāpattiṃ paṇḍitā samāpajjantipi vuṭṭhahantipi.

Yathā kathaṃ viya? Seyyathāpi kaṃse ākoṭite paṭhamaṃ oḷārikā saddā pavattanti, oḷārikānaṃ saddānaṃ nimittaṃ suggahitattā sumanasikatattā sūpadhāritattā niruddhepi oḷārike sadde atha pacchā sukhumakā saddā pavattanti, sukhumakānaṃ saddānaṃ nimittaṃ suggahitattā sumanasikatattā sūpadhāritattā niruddhepi sukhumake sadde atha pacchā sukhumasaddanimittārammaṇatāpi cittaṃ pavattati; evameva paṭhamaṃ oḷārikā assāsapassāsā pavattanti, oḷārikānaṃ assāsapassāsānaṃ nimittaṃ suggahitattā sumanasikatattā sūpadhāritattā niruddhepi oḷārike assāsapassāse atha pacchā sukhumakā assāsapassāsā pavattanti, sukhumakānaṃ assāsapassāsānaṃ nimittaṃ suggahitattā sumanasikatattā sūpadhāritattā niruddhepi sukhumake assāsapassāse atha pacchā sukhumaassāsapassāsanimittārammaṇatāpi cittaṃ na vikkhepaṃ gacchati.

Evaṃ sante vātūpaladdhiyā ca pabhāvanā hoti, assāsapassāsānañca pabhāvanā hoti, ānāpānassatiyā ca pabhāvanā hoti, ānāpānassatisamādhissa ca pabhāvanā hoti, tañca naṃ samāpattiṃ paṇḍitā samāpajjantipi vuṭṭhahantipi.

Passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāranti assāsapassāsā kāyo, upaṭṭhānaṃ sati, anupassanā ñāṇaṃ. Kāyo upaṭṭhānaṃ no sati, sati upaṭṭhānañceva sati ca, tāya satiyā tena ñāṇena taṃ kāyaṃ anupassati. Tena vuccati – ‘‘kāye kāyānupassanā satipaṭṭhānabhāvanāti (paṭi. ma. 1.171).

Ayaṃ tāvettha kāyānupassanāvasena vuttassa paṭhamacatukkassa anupubbapadavaṇṇanā.

Yasmā panettha idameva catukkaṃ ādikammikassa kammaṭṭhānavasena vuttaṃ, itarāni pana tīṇi catukkāni ettha pattajjhānassa vedanācittadhammānupassanāvasena vuttāni, tasmā idaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ bhāvetvā ānāpānassaticatutthajjhānapadaṭṭhānāya vipassanāya saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇitukāmena buddhaputtena yaṃ kātabbaṃ taṃ sabbaṃ idheva tāva ādikammikassa kulaputtassa vasena ādito pabhuti evaṃ veditabbaṃ. Catubbidhaṃ tāva sīlaṃ visodhetabbaṃ. Tattha tividhā visodhanā – anāpajjanaṃ, āpannavuṭṭhānaṃ, kilesehi ca appatipīḷanaṃ. Evaṃ visuddhasīlassa hi bhāvanā sampajjati. Yampidaṃ cetiyaṅgaṇavattaṃ bodhiyaṅgaṇavattaṃ upajjhāyavattaṃ ācariyavattaṃ jantāgharavattaṃ uposathāgāravattaṃ dveasīti khandhakavattāni cuddasavidhaṃ mahāvattanti imesaṃ vasena ābhisamācārikasīlaṃ vuccati, tampi sādhukaṃ paripūretabbaṃ. Yo hi ‘‘ahaṃ sīlaṃ rakkhāmi, kiṃ ābhisamācārikena kamma’’nti vadeyya, tassa sīlaṃ paripūressatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Ābhisamācārikavatte pana paripūre sīlaṃ paripūrati, sīle paripūre samādhi gabbhaṃ gaṇhāti. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā – ‘‘so vata, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ābhisamācārikaṃ dhammaṃ aparipūretvā ‘sīlāni paripūressatī’ti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī’’ti (a. ni. 5.21) vitthāretabbaṃ. Tasmā tena yampidaṃ cetiyaṅgaṇavattādi ābhisamācārikasīlaṃ vuccati, tampi sādhukaṃ paripūretabbaṃ. Tato –

‘‘Āvāso ca kulaṃ lābho, gaṇo kammañca pañcamaṃ;

Addhānaṃ ñāti ābādho, gantho iddhīti te dasā’’ti.

Evaṃ vuttesu dasasu palibodhesu yo palibodho atthi, so upacchinditabbo.

Evaṃ upacchinnapalibodhena kammaṭṭhānaṃ uggahetabbaṃ. Tampi duvidhaṃ hoti – sabbatthakakammaṭṭhānañca pārihāriyakammaṭṭhānañca. Tattha sabbatthakakammaṭṭhānaṃ nāma bhikkhusaṅghādīsu mettā maraṇassati ca asubhasaññātipi eke. Kammaṭṭhānikena hi bhikkhunā paṭhamaṃ tāva paricchinditvā sīmaṭṭhakabhikkhusaṅghe mettā bhāvetabbā; tato sīmaṭṭhakadevatāsu, tato gocaragāme issarajane, tato tattha manusse upādāya sabbasattesu. So hi bhikkhusaṅghe mettāya sahavāsīnaṃ muducittataṃ janeti, athassa sukhasaṃvāsatā hoti. Sīmaṭṭhakadevatāsu mettāya mudukatacittāhi devatāhi dhammikāya rakkhāya susaṃvihitārakkho hoti. Gocaragāme issarajane mettāya mudukatacittasantānehi issarehi dhammikāya rakkhāya surakkhitaparikkhāro hoti. Tattha manussesu mettāya pasāditacittehi tehi aparibhūto hutvā vicarati. Sabbasattesu mettāya sabbattha appaṭihatacāro hoti.

Maraṇassatiyā pana ‘‘avassaṃ maritabba’’nti cintento anesanaṃ pahāya uparūparivaḍḍhamānasaṃvego anolīnavuttiko hoti. Asubhasaññāya dibbesupi ārammaṇesu taṇhā nuppajjati. Tenassetaṃ tayaṃ evaṃ bahūpakārattā ‘‘sabbattha atthayitabbaṃ icchitabba’’nti katvā adhippetassa ca yogānuyogakammassa padaṭṭhānattā ‘‘sabbatthakakammaṭṭhāna’’nti vuccati.

Aṭṭhatiṃsārammaṇesu pana yaṃ yassa caritānukūlaṃ, taṃ tassa niccaṃ pariharitabbattā yathāvutteneva nayena ‘‘pārihāriyakammaṭṭhāna’’ntipi vuccati. Idha pana idameva ānāpānassatikammaṭṭhānaṃ ‘‘pārihāriyakammaṭṭhāna’’nti vuccati. Ayamettha saṅkhepo. Vitthāro pana sīlavisodhanakathaṃ palibodhupacchedakathañca icchantena visuddhimaggato gahetabbo.

Evaṃ visuddhasīlena pana upacchinnapalibodhena ca idaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ uggaṇhantena imināva kammaṭṭhānena catutthajjhānaṃ nibbattetvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pattassa buddhaputtassa santike uggahetabbaṃ. Taṃ alabhantena anāgāmissa, tampi alabhantena sakadāgāmissa, tampi alabhantena sotāpannassa, tampi alabhantena ānāpānacatutthajjhānalābhissa, tampi alabhantena pāḷiyā aṭṭhakathāya ca asammūḷhassa vinicchayācariyassa santike uggahetabbaṃ. Arahantādayo hi attanā adhigatamaggameva ācikkhanti. Ayaṃ pana gahanapadese mahāhatthipathaṃ nīharanto viya sabbattha asammūḷho sappāyāsappāyaṃ paricchinditvā katheti.

Tatrāyaṃ anupubbikathā – tena bhikkhunā sallahukavuttinā vinayācārasampannena vuttappakāramācariyaṃ upasaṅkamitvā vattapaṭipattiyā ārādhitacittassa tassa santike pañcasandhikaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ uggahetabbaṃ. Tatrime pañca sandhayo – uggaho, paripucchā, upaṭṭhānaṃ, appanā, lakkhaṇanti. Tattha ‘‘uggaho’’ nāma kammaṭṭhānassa uggaṇhanaṃ, ‘‘paripucchā’’ nāma kammaṭṭhānassa paripucchanā, ‘‘upaṭṭhānaṃ’’ nāma kammaṭṭhānassa upaṭṭhānaṃ, ‘‘appanā’’ nāma kammaṭṭhānappanā, ‘‘lakkhaṇaṃ’’ nāma kammaṭṭhānassa lakkhaṇaṃ. ‘‘Evaṃlakkhaṇamidaṃ kammaṭṭhāna’’nti kammaṭṭhānasabhāvūpadhāraṇanti vuttaṃ hoti.

Evaṃ pañcasandhikaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ uggaṇhanto attanāpi na kilamati, ācariyampi na viheṭheti; tasmā thokaṃ uddisāpetvā bahukālaṃ sajjhāyitvā evaṃ pañcasandhikaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ uggahetvā sace tattha sappāyaṃ hoti, tattheva vasitabbaṃ. No ce tattha sappāyaṃ hoti, ācariyaṃ āpucchitvā sace mandapañño yojanaparamaṃ gantvā, sace tikkhapañño dūrampi gantvā aṭṭhārasasenāsanadosavivajjitaṃ, pañcasenāsanaṅgasamannāgataṃ senāsanaṃ upagamma tattha vasantena upacchinnakhuddakapalibodhena katabhattakiccena bhattasammadaṃ paṭivinodetvā ratanattayaguṇānussaraṇena cittaṃ sampahaṃsetvā ācariyuggahato ekapadampi asammussantena idaṃ ānāpānassatikammaṭṭhānaṃ manasikātabbaṃ. Ayamettha saṅkhepo. Vitthāro pana imaṃ kathāmaggaṃ icchantena visuddhimaggato (visuddhi. 1.55) gahetabbo.

Yaṃ pana vuttaṃ ‘‘idaṃ ānāpānassatikammaṭṭhānaṃ manasikātabba’’nti tatrāyaṃ manasikāravidhi –

‘‘Gaṇanā anubandhanā, phusanā ṭhapanā sallakkhaṇā;

Vivaṭṭanā pārisuddhi, tesañca paṭipassanā’’ti. (visuddhi. 1.223; paṭi. ma. aṭṭha. 2.1.163);

‘‘Gaṇanā’’ti gaṇanāyeva. ‘‘Anubandhanā’’ti anuvahanā. ‘‘Phusanā’’ti phuṭṭhaṭṭhānaṃ. ‘‘Ṭhapanā’’ti appanā. ‘‘Sallakkhaṇā’’ti vipassanā. ‘‘Vivaṭṭanā’’ti maggo. ‘‘Pārisuddhī’’ti phalaṃ. ‘‘Tesañca paṭipassanā’’ti paccavekkhaṇā. Tattha iminā ādikammikakulaputtena paṭhamaṃ gaṇanāya idaṃ kamaṭṭhānaṃ manasikātabbaṃ. Gaṇentena ca pañcannaṃ heṭṭhā na ṭhapetabbaṃ, dasannaṃ upari na netabbaṃ, antare khaṇḍaṃ na dassetabbaṃ. Pañcannaṃ heṭṭhā ṭhapentassa hi sambādhe okāse cittuppādo vipphandati, sambādhe vaje sanniruddhagogaṇo viya. Dasannaṃ upari nentassa gaṇanānissitova cittuppādo hoti. Antarā khaṇḍaṃ dassentassa ‘‘sikhāppattaṃ nu kho me kammaṭṭhānaṃ, no’’ti cittaṃ vikampati. Tasmā ete dose vajjetvā gaṇetabbaṃ.

Gaṇentena ca paṭhamaṃ dandhagaṇanāya dhaññamāpakagaṇanāya gaṇetabbaṃ. Dhaññamāpako hi nāḷiṃ pūretvā ‘‘eka’’nti vatvā okirati. Puna pūrento kiñci kacavaraṃ disvā taṃ chaḍḍento ‘‘ekaṃ eka’’nti vadati. Esa nayo ‘‘dve dve’’tiādīsu. Evameva imināpi assāsapassāsesu yo upaṭṭhāti taṃ gahetvā ‘‘ekaṃ eka’’nti ādiṃkatvā yāva ‘‘dasa dasā’’ti pavattamānaṃ pavattamānaṃ upalakkhetvāva gaṇetabbaṃ. Tassevaṃ gaṇayato nikkhamantā ca pavisantā ca assāsapassāsā pākaṭā honti.

Athānena taṃ dandhagaṇanaṃ dhaññamāpakagaṇanaṃ pahāya sīghagaṇanāya gopālakagaṇanāya gaṇetabbaṃ. Cheko hi gopālako sakkharāyo ucchaṅgena gahetvā rajjudaṇḍahattho pātova vajaṃ gantvā gāvo piṭṭhiyaṃ paharitvā palighatthambhamatthake nisinno dvāraṃ pattaṃ pattaṃyeva gāvaṃ ‘‘eko dve’’ti sakkharaṃ khipitvā khipitvā gaṇeti. Tiyāmarattiṃ sambādhe okāse dukkhaṃ vutthagogaṇo nikkhamanto aññamaññaṃ upanighaṃsanto vegena vegena puñjo puñjo hutvā nikkhamati. So vegena vegena ‘‘tīṇi cattāri pañca dasā’’ti gaṇetiyeva. Evamimassāpi purimanayena gaṇayato assāsapassāsā pākaṭā hutvā sīghaṃ sīghaṃ punappunaṃ sañcaranti. Tato tena ‘‘punappunaṃ sañcarantī’’ti ñatvā anto ca bahi ca aggahetvā dvārappattaṃ dvārappattaṃyeva gahetvā ‘‘eko dve tīṇi cattāri pañca, eko dve tīṇi cattāri pañca cha, eko dve tīṇi cattāri pañca cha satta…pe… aṭṭha… nava… dasā’’ti sīghaṃ sīghaṃ gaṇetabbameva. Gaṇanāpaṭibaddhe hi kammaṭṭhāne gaṇanābaleneva cittaṃ ekaggaṃ hoti arittūpatthambhanavasena caṇḍasote nāvāṭhapanamiva.

Tassevaṃ sīghaṃ sīghaṃ gaṇayato kammaṭṭhānaṃ nirantarappavattaṃ viya hutvā upaṭṭhāti. Atha ‘‘nirantaraṃ pavattatī’’ti ñatvā anto ca bahi ca vātaṃ apariggahetvā purimanayeneva vegena vegena gaṇetabbaṃ. Antopavisanavātena hi saddhiṃ cittaṃ pavesayato abbhantaraṃ vātabbhāhataṃ medapūritaṃ viya hoti, bahinikkhamanavātena saddhiṃ cittaṃ nīharato bahiddhā puthuttārammaṇe cittaṃ vikkhipati. Phuṭṭhokāse pana satiṃ ṭhapetvā bhāventasseva bhāvanā sampajjati. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘anto ca bahi ca vātaṃ apariggahetvā purimanayeneva vegena vegena gaṇetabba’’nti.

Kīva ciraṃ panetaṃ gaṇetabbanti? Yāva vinā gaṇanāya assāsapassāsārammaṇe sati santiṭṭhati. Bahi visaṭavitakkavicchedaṃ katvā assāsapassāsārammaṇe sati saṇṭhapanatthaṃyeva hi gaṇanāti.

Evaṃ gaṇanāya manasikatvā anubandhanāya manasikātabbaṃ. Anubandhanā nāma gaṇanaṃ paṭisaṃharitvā satiyā nirantaraṃ assāsapassāsānaṃ anugamanaṃ; tañca kho na ādimajjhapariyosānānugamanavasena. Bahinikkhamanavātassa hi nābhi ādi, hadayaṃ majjhaṃ, nāsikaggaṃ pariyosānaṃ. Abbhantarapavisanavātassa nāsikaggaṃ ādi, hadayaṃ majjhaṃ, nābhi pariyosānaṃ. Tañcassa anugacchato vikkhepagataṃ cittaṃ sāraddhāya ceva hoti iñjanāya ca. Yathāha –

‘‘Assāsādimajjhapariyosānaṃ satiyā anugacchato ajjhattaṃ vikkhepagatena cittena kāyopi cittampi sāraddhā ca honti iñjitā ca phanditā ca. Passāsādimajjhapariyosānaṃ satiyā anugacchato bahiddhā vikkhepagatena cittena kāyopi cittampi sāraddhā ca honti iñjitā ca phanditā cā’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.157).

Tasmā anubandhanāya manasikarontena na ādimajjhapariyosānavasena manasikātabbaṃ. Apica kho phusanāvasena ca ṭhapanāvasena ca manasikātabbaṃ. Gaṇanānubandhanāvasena viya hi phusanāṭhapanāvasena visuṃ manasikāro natthi. Phuṭṭhaphuṭṭhaṭṭhāneyeva pana gaṇento gaṇanāya ca phusanāya ca manasi karoti. Tattheva gaṇanaṃ paṭisaṃharitvā te satiyā anubandhanto appanāvasena ca cittaṃ ṭhapento ‘‘anubandhanāya ca phusanāya ca ṭhapanāya ca manasi karotī’’ti vuccati. Svāyamattho aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttapaṅguḷadovārikopamāhi paṭisambhidāyaṃ vuttakakacopamāya ca veditabbo.

Tatrāyaṃ paṅguḷopamā – ‘‘seyyathāpi paṅguḷo dolāya kīḷataṃ mātāputtānaṃ dolaṃ khipitvā tattheva dolatthambhamūle nisinno kamena āgacchantassa ca gacchantassa ca dolāphalakassa ubho koṭiyo majjhañca passati, na ca ubhokoṭimajjhānaṃ dassanatthaṃ byāvaṭo hoti. Evamevāyaṃ bhikkhu sativasena upanibandhanatthambhamūle ṭhatvā assāsapassāsadolaṃ khipitvā tattheva nimitte satiyā nisinno kamena āgacchantānañca gacchantānañca phuṭṭhaṭṭhāne assāsapassāsānaṃ ādimajjhapariyosānaṃ satiyā anugacchanto tattha ca cittaṃ ṭhapento passati, na ca tesaṃ dassanatthaṃ byāvaṭo hoti. Ayaṃ paṅguḷopamā.

Ayaṃ pana dovārikopamā – ‘‘seyyathāpi dovāriko nagarassa anto ca bahi ca purise ‘ko tvaṃ, kuto vā āgato, kuhiṃ vā gacchasi, kiṃ vā te hatthe’ti na vīmaṃsati, na hi tassa te bhārā. Dvārappattaṃ dvārappattaṃyeva pana vīmaṃsati; evameva imassa bhikkhuno anto paviṭṭhavātā ca bahi nikkhantavātā ca na bhārā honti, dvārappattā dvārappattāyeva bhārāti. Ayaṃ dovārikopamā.

Kakacopamā pana āditopabhuti evaṃ veditabbā. Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘Nimittaṃ assāsapassāsā, anārammaṇamekacittassa;

Ajānato ca tayo dhamme, bhāvanānupalabbhati.

‘‘Nimittaṃ assāsapassāsā, anārammaṇamekacittassa;

Jānato ca tayo dhamme, bhāvanā upalabbhatī’’ti. (paṭi. ma. 1.159);

Kathaṃ ime tayo dhammā ekacittassa ārammaṇaṃ na honti, na cime tayo dhammā aviditā honti, na ca cittaṃ vikkhepaṃ gacchati, padhānañca paññāyati, payogañca sādheti, visesamadhigacchati? Seyyathāpi rukkho same bhūmibhāge nikkhitto, tamenaṃ puriso kakacena chindeyya, rukkhe phuṭṭhakakacadantānaṃ vasena purisassa sati upaṭṭhitā hoti, na āgate vā gate vā kakacadante manasi karoti, na āgatā vā gatā vā kakacadantā aviditā honti, padhānañca paññāyati, payogañca sādheti.

Yathā rukkho same bhūmibhāge nikkhitto; evaṃ upanibandhananimittaṃ. Yathā kakacadantā; evaṃ assāsapassāsā. Yathā rukkhe phuṭṭhakakacadantānaṃ vasena purisassa sati upaṭṭhitā hoti, na āgate vā gate vā kakacadante manasi karoti, na āgatā vā gatā vā kakacadantā aviditā honti, padhānañca paññāyati, payogañca sādheti, evameva bhikkhu nāsikagge vā mukhanimitte vā satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā nisinno hoti, na āgate vā gate vā assāsapassāse manasi karoti, na āgatā vā gatā vā assāsapassāsā aviditā honti, padhānañca paññāyati, payogañca sādheti, visesamadhigacchati.

Padhānanti katamaṃ padhānaṃ? Āraddhavīriyassa kāyopi cittampi kammaniyaṃ hoti – idaṃ padhānaṃ. Katamo payogo? Āraddhavīriyassa upakkilesā pahīyanti, vitakkā vūpasammanti – ayaṃ payogo. Katamo viseso? Āraddhavīriyassa saṃyojanā pahīyanti, anusayā byantī honti – ayaṃ viseso. Evaṃ ime tayo dhammā ekacittassa ārammaṇā na honti, na cime tayo dhammā aviditā honti, na ca cittaṃ vikkhepaṃ gacchati, padhānañca paññāyati, payogañca sādheti, visesamadhigacchati.

‘‘Ānāpānassatī yassa, paripuṇṇā subhāvitā;

Anupubbaṃ paricitā, yathā buddhena desitā;

So imaṃ lokaṃ pabhāseti, abbhā muttova candimā’’ti. (paṭi. ma. 1.160);

Ayaṃ kakacopamā. Idha panassa āgatāgatavasena amanasikāramattameva payojananti veditabbaṃ. Idaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ manasikaroto kassaci nacireneva nimittañca uppajjati, avasesajjhānaṅgapaṭimaṇḍitā appanāsaṅkhātā ṭhapanā ca sampajjati. Kassaci pana gaṇanāvaseneva manasikārakālatopabhuti anukkamato oḷārikaassāsapassāsanirodhavasena kāyadarathe vūpasante kāyopi cittampi lahukaṃ hoti, sarīraṃ ākāse laṅghanākārappattaṃ viya hoti. Yathā sāraddhakāyassa mañce vā pīṭhe vā nisīdato mañcapīṭhaṃ onamati, vikūjati, paccattharaṇaṃ valiṃ gaṇhāti. Asāraddhakāyassa pana nisīdato neva mañcapīṭhaṃ onamati, na vikūjati, na paccattharaṇaṃ valiṃ gaṇhāti, tūlapicupūritaṃ viya mañcapīṭhaṃ hoti. Kasmā? Yasmā asāraddho kāyo lahuko hoti; evameva gaṇanāvasena manasikārakālatopabhuti anukkamato oḷārikaassāsapassāsanirodhavasena kāyadarathe vūpasante kāyopi cittampi lahukaṃ hoti, sarīraṃ ākāse laṅghanākārappattaṃ viya hoti.

Tassa oḷārike assāsapassāse niruddhe sukhumaassāsapassāsanimittārammaṇaṃ cittaṃ pavattati, tasmimpi niruddhe aparāparaṃ tato sukhumatarasukhumatamanimittārammaṇaṃ pavattatiyeva. Kathaṃ? Yathā puriso mahatiyā lohasalākāya kaṃsatāḷaṃ ākoṭeyya, ekappahārena mahāsaddo uppajjeyya, tassa oḷārikasaddārammaṇaṃ cittaṃ pavatteyya, niruddhe oḷārike sadde atha pacchā sukhumasaddanimittārammaṇaṃ, tasmimpi niruddhe aparāparaṃ tato sukhumatarasukhumatamasaddanimittārammaṇaṃ cittaṃ pavattateva; evanti veditabbaṃ. Vuttampi cetaṃ – ‘‘seyyathāpi kaṃse ākoṭite’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.171) vitthāro.

Yathā hi aññāni kammaṭṭhānāni uparūpari vibhūtāni honti, na tathā idaṃ. Idaṃ pana uparūpari bhāventassa bhāventassa sukhumattaṃ gacchati, upaṭṭhānampi na upagacchati. Evaṃ anupaṭṭhahante pana tasmiṃ na tena bhikkhunā uṭṭhāyāsanā cammakhaṇḍaṃ papphoṭetvā gantabbaṃ. Kiṃ kātabbaṃ? ‘‘Ācariyaṃ pucchissāmī’’ti vā ‘‘naṭṭhaṃ dāni me kammaṭṭhāna’’nti vā na vuṭṭhātabbaṃ, iriyāpathaṃ vikopetvā gacchato hi kammaṭṭhānaṃ navanavameva hoti. Tasmā yathānisinneneva desato āharitabbaṃ.

Tatrāyaṃ āharaṇūpāyo. Tena hi bhikkhunā kammaṭṭhānassa anupaṭṭhahanabhāvaṃ ñatvā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘‘ime assāsapassāsā nāma kattha atthi, kattha natthi, kassa vā atthi, kassa vā natthī’’ti. Athevaṃ paṭisañcikkhatā ‘‘ime antomātukucchiyaṃ natthi, udake nimuggānaṃ natthi, tathā asaññībhūtānaṃ matānaṃ catutthajjhānasamāpannānaṃ rūpārūpabhavasamaṅgīnaṃ nirodhasamāpannāna’’nti ñatvā evaṃ attanāva attā paṭicodetabbo – ‘‘nanu tvaṃ, paṇḍita, neva mātukucchigato, na udake nimuggo, na asaññībhūto, na mato, na catutthajjhānasamaāpanno, na rūpārūpabhavasamaṅgī, na nirodhasamāpanno, atthiyeva te assāsapassāsā, mandapaññatāya pana pariggahetuṃ na sakkosī’’ti. Athānena pakatiphuṭṭhavaseneva cittaṃ ṭhapetvā manasikāro pavattetabbo. Ime hi dīghanāsikassa nāsā puṭaṃ ghaṭṭentā pavattanti, rassanāsikassa uttaroṭṭhaṃ. Tasmānena imaṃ nāma ṭhānaṃ ghaṭṭentīti nimittaṃ paṭṭhapetabbaṃ. Imameva hi atthavasaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ bhagavatā – ‘‘nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, muṭṭhassatissa asampajānassa ānāpānassatibhāvanaṃ vadāmī’’ti (ma. ni. 3.149; saṃ. ni. 5.992). Kiñcāpi hi yaṃkiñci kammaṭṭhānaṃ satassa sampajānasseva sampajjati, ito aññaṃ pana manasikarontassa pākaṭaṃ hoti. Idaṃ pana ānāpānassatikammaṭṭhānaṃ garukaṃ garukabhāvanaṃ buddhapaccekabuddhabuddhaputtānaṃ mahāpurisānameva manasikārabhūmibhūtaṃ, na ceva ittaraṃ, na ca ittarasattasamāsevitaṃ. Yathā yathā manasi karīyati, tathā tathā santañceva hoti sukhumañca. Tasmā ettha balavatī sati ca paññā ca icchitabbā.

Yathā hi maṭṭhasāṭakassa tunnakaraṇakāle sūcipi sukhumā icchitabbā, sūcipāsavedhanampi tato sukhumataraṃ; evameva maṭṭhasāṭakasadisassa imassa kammaṭṭhānassa bhāvanākāle sūcipaṭibhāgā satipi sūcipāsavedhanapaṭibhāgā taṃsampayuttā paññāpi balavatī icchitabbā. Tāhi ca pana satipaññāhi samannāgatena bhikkhunā na te assāsapassāsā aññatra pakatiphuṭṭhokāsā pariyesitabbā.

Yathā pana kassako kasiṃ kasitvā balibadde muñcitvā gocarābhimukhe katvā chāyāya nisinno vissameyya, athassa te balibaddā vegena aṭaviṃ paviseyyuṃ. Yo hoti cheko kassako so puna te gahetvā yojetukāmo na tesaṃ anupadaṃ gantvā aṭaviṃ āhiṇḍati. Atha kho rasmiñca patodañca gahetvā ujukameva tesaṃ nipātatitthaṃ gantvā nisīdati vā nipajjati vā. Atha te goṇe divasabhāgaṃ caritvā nipātatitthaṃ otaritvā nhatvā ca pivitvā ca paccuttaritvā ṭhite disvā rasmiyā bandhitvā patodena vijjhanto ānetvā yojetvā puna kammaṃ karoti; evameva tena bhikkhunā na te assāsapassāsā aññatra pakatiphuṭṭhokāsā pariyesitabbā. Satirasmiṃ pana paññāpatodañca gahetvā pakatiphuṭṭhokāse cittaṃ ṭhapetvā manasikāro pavattetabbo. Evañhissa manasikaroto nacirasseva te upaṭṭhahanti, nipātatitthe viya goṇā. Tato tena satirasmiyā bandhitvā tasmiṃyeva ṭhāne yojetvā paññāpatodena vijjhantena puna kammaṭṭhānaṃ anuyuñjitabbaṃ; tassevamanuyuñjato nacirasseva nimittaṃ upaṭṭhāti. Taṃ panetaṃ na sabbesaṃ ekasadisaṃ hoti; apica kho kassaci sukhasamphassaṃ uppādayamāno tūlapicu viya, kappāsapicu viya, vātadhārā viya ca upaṭṭhātīti ekacce āhu.

Ayaṃ pana aṭṭhakathāvinicchayo – idañhi kassaci tārakarūpaṃ viya, maṇiguḷikā viya, muttāguḷikā viya ca kassaci kharasamphassaṃ hutvā kappāsaṭṭhi viya, sāradārusūci viya ca kassaci dīghapāmaṅgasuttaṃ viya, kusumadāmaṃ viya, dhūmasikhā viya ca kassaci vitthata makkaṭakasuttaṃ viya, valāhakapaṭalaṃ viya, padumapupphaṃ viya, rathacakkaṃ viya, candamaṇḍalaṃ viya, sūriyamaṇḍalaṃ viya ca upaṭṭhāti. Tañca panetaṃ yathā sambahulesu bhikkhūsu suttantaṃ sajjhāyitvā nisinnesu ekena bhikkhunā ‘‘tumhākaṃ kīdisaṃ hutvā idaṃ suttaṃ upaṭṭhātī’’ti vutte eko ‘‘mayhaṃ mahatī pabbateyyā nadī viya hutvā upaṭṭhātī’’ti āha. Aparo ‘‘mayhaṃ ekā vanarāji viya’’. Añño ‘‘mayhaṃ sītacchāyo sākhāsampanno phalabhārabharitarukkho viyā’’ti. Tesañhi taṃ ekameva suttaṃ saññānānatāya nānato upaṭṭhāti. Evaṃ ekameva kammaṭṭhānaṃ saññānānatāya nānato upaṭṭhāti. Saññajañhi etaṃ saññānidānaṃ saññāppabhavaṃ tasmā saññānānatāya nānato upaṭṭhātīti veditabbaṃ.

Ettha ca aññameva assāsārammaṇaṃ cittaṃ, aññaṃ passāsārammaṇaṃ, aññaṃ nimittārammaṇaṃ yassa hi ime tayo dhammā natthi, tassa kammaṭṭhānaṃ neva appanaṃ na upacāraṃ pāpuṇāti. Yassa panime tayo dhammā atthi, tasseva kammaṭṭhānaṃ appanañca upacārañca pāpuṇāti. Vuttañhetaṃ –

‘‘Nimittaṃ assāsapassāsā, anārammaṇamekacittassa;

Ajānato ca tayo dhamme, bhāvanānupalabbhati.

‘‘Nimittaṃ assāsapassāsā, anārammaṇamekacittassa;

Jānato ca tayo dhamme, bhāvanā upalabbhatī’’ti. (visuddhi. 1.231);

Evaṃ upaṭṭhite pana nimitte tena bhikkhunā ācariyasantikaṃ gantvā ārocetabbaṃ – ‘‘mayhaṃ, bhante, evarūpaṃ nāma upaṭṭhātī’’ti. Ācariyena pana ‘‘etaṃ nimitta’’nti vā ‘‘na nimitta’’nti vā na vattabbaṃ. ‘‘Evaṃ hoti, āvuso’’ti vatvā pana ‘‘punappunaṃ manasi karohī’’ti vattabbo. ‘‘Nimitta’’nti hi vutte vosānaṃ āpajjeyya; ‘‘na nimitta’’nti vutte nirāso visīdeyya. Tasmā tadubhayampi avatvā manasikāreyeva niyojetabboti. Evaṃ tāva dīghabhāṇakā. Majjhimabhāṇakā panāhu – ‘‘nimittamidaṃ, āvuso, kammaṭṭhānaṃ punappunaṃ manasi karohi sappurisāti vattabbo’’ti. Athānena nimitteyeva cittaṃ ṭhapetabbaṃ. Evamassāyaṃ ito pabhuti ṭhapanāvasena bhāvanā hoti. Vuttañhetaṃ porāṇehi –

‘‘Nimitte ṭhapayaṃ cittaṃ, nānākāraṃ vibhāvayaṃ;

Dhīro assāsapassāse, sakaṃ cittaṃ nibandhatī’’ti. (visuddhi. 1.232; paṭi. ma. aṭṭha. 2.1.163);

Tassevaṃ nimittupaṭṭhānato pabhuti nīvaraṇāni vikkhambhitāneva honti kilesā sannisinnāva sati upaṭṭhitāyeva, cittaṃ samāhitameva. Idañhi dvīhākārehi cittaṃ samāhitaṃ nāma hohi – upacārabhūmiyaṃ vā nīvaraṇappahānena, paṭilābhabhūmiyaṃ vā aṅgapātubhāvena. Tattha ‘‘upacārabhūmī’’ti upacārasamādhi; ‘‘paṭilābhabhūmī’’ti appanāsamādhi. Tesaṃ kiṃ nānākaraṇaṃ? Upacārasamādhi kusalavīthiyaṃ javitvā bhavaṅgaṃ otarati, appanāsamādhi divasabhāge appetvā nisinnassa divasabhāgampi kusalavīthiyaṃ javati, na bhavaṅgaṃ otarati. Imesu dvīsu samādhīsu nimittapātubhāvena upacārasamādhinā samāhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Athānena taṃ nimittaṃ neva vaṇṇato manasikātabbaṃ, na lakkhaṇato paccavekkhitabbaṃ. Apica kho khattiyamahesiyā cakkavattigabbho viya kassakena sāliyavagabbho viya ca appamattena rakkhitabbaṃ; rakkhitaṃ hissa phaladaṃ hoti.

‘‘Nimittaṃ rakkhato laddha, parihāni na vijjati;

Ārakkhamhi asantamhi, laddhaṃ laddhaṃ vinassatī’’ti.

Tatrāyaṃ rakkhaṇūpāyo – tena bhikkhunā āvāso, gocaro, bhassaṃ, puggalo, bhojanaṃ, utu, iriyāpathoti imāni satta asappāyāni vajjetvā tāneva satta sappāyāni sevantena punappunaṃ taṃ nimittaṃ manasikātabbaṃ.

Evaṃ sappāyasevanena nimittaṃ thiraṃ katvā vuḍḍhiṃ virūḷhiṃ gamayitvā vatthuvisadakiriyā, indriyasamattapaṭipādanatā, nimittakusalatā, yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ sapaggahetabba tasmiṃ samaye cittapaggaṇhanā, yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ niggahetabbaṃ tasmiṃ samaye cittaniggaṇhanā, yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ sampahaṃsetabbaṃ tasmiṃ samaye sampahaṃsetabbaṃ tasmiṃ samaye cittasampahaṃsanā, yasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ ajjhupekkhitabbaṃ tasmiṃ samaye cittaajjhupekkhanā, asamāhitapuggalaparivajjanā, samāhitapuggalasevanā, tadadhimuttatāti imāni dasa appanākosallāni avijahantena yogo karaṇīyo.

Tassevaṃ anuyuttassa viharato idāni appanā uppajjissatīti bhavaṅgaṃ vicchinditvā nimittārammaṇaṃ manodvārāvajjanaṃ uppajjati. Tasmiñca niruddhe tadevārammaṇaṃ gahetvā cattāri pañca vā javanāni, yesaṃ paṭhamaṃ parikammaṃ, dutiyaṃ upacāraṃ, tatiyaṃ anulomaṃ, catutthaṃ gotrabhu, pañcamaṃ appanācittaṃ. Paṭhamaṃ vā parikammañceva upacārañca, dutiyaṃ anulomaṃ, tatiyaṃ gotrabhu, catutthaṃ appanācittanti vuccati. Catutthameva hi pañcamaṃ vā appeti, na chaṭṭhaṃ sattamaṃ vā āsannabhavaṅgapātattā.

Ābhidhammikagodattatthero panāha – ‘‘āsevanapaccayena kusalā dhammā balavanto honti; tasmā chaṭṭhaṃ sattamaṃ vā appetī’’ti. Taṃ aṭṭhakathāsu paṭikkhittaṃ. Tattha pubbabhāgacittāni kāmāvacarāni honti, appanācittaṃ pana rūpāvacaraṃ. Evamanena pañcaṅgavippahīnaṃ, pañcaṅgasamannāgataṃ, dasalakkhaṇasampannaṃ, tividhakalyāṇaṃ, paṭhamajjhānaṃ adhigataṃ hoti. So tasmiṃyevārammaṇe vitakkādayo vūpasametvā dutiyatatiyacatutthajjhānāni pāpuṇāti. Ettāvatā ca ṭhapanāvasena bhāvanāya pariyosānappatto hoti. Ayamettha saṅkhepakathā. Vitthāro pana icchantena visuddhimaggato gahetabbo.

Evaṃ pattacatutthajjhāno panettha bhikkhu sallakkhaṇāvivaṭṭanāvasena kammaṭṭhānaṃ vaḍḍhetvā pārisuddhiṃ pattukāmo tadeva jhānaṃ āvajjanasamāpajjanaadhiṭṭhānavuṭṭhānapaccavekkhaṇasaṅkhātehi pañcahākārehi vasippattaṃ paguṇaṃ katvā arūpapubbaṅgamaṃ vā rūpaṃ, rūpapubbaṅgamaṃ vā arūpanti rūpārūpaṃ pariggahetvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapeti. Kathaṃ? So hi jhānā vuṭṭhahitvā jhānaṅgāni pariggahetvā tesaṃ nissayaṃ hadayavatthuṃ taṃ nissayāni ca bhūtāni tesañca nissayaṃ sakalampi karajakāyaṃ passati. Tato ‘‘jhānaṅgāni arūpaṃ, vatthādīni rūpa’’nti rūpārūpaṃ vavatthapeti.

Atha vā samāpattito vuṭṭhahitvā kesādīsu koṭṭhāsesu pathavīdhātuādivasena cattāri bhūtāni taṃnissitarūpāni ca pariggahetvā yathāpariggahitarūpārammaṇaṃ yathāpariggahitarūpavatthudvārārammaṇaṃ vā sasampayuttadhammaṃ viññāṇañca passati. Tato ‘‘bhūtādīni rūpaṃ sasampayuttadhammaṃ viññāṇaṃ arūpa’’nti vavatthapeti.

Atha vā samāpattito vuṭṭhahitvā assāsapassāsānaṃ samudayo karajakāyo ca cittañcāti passati. Yathā hi kammāragaggariyā dhamamānāya bhastañca purisassa ca tajjaṃ vāyāmaṃ paṭicca vāto sañcarati; evameva kāyañca cittañca paṭicca assāsapassāsāti. Tato assāsapassāse ca kāyañca rūpaṃ, cittañca taṃsampayuttadhamme ca arūpanti vavatthapeti.

Evaṃ nāmarūpaṃ vavatthapetvā tassa paccayaṃ pariyesati, pariyesanto ca taṃ disvā tīsupi addhāsu nāmarūpassa pavattiṃ ārabbha kaṅkhaṃ vitarati. Vitiṇṇakaṅkho kalāpasammasanavasena tilakkhaṇaṃ āropetvā udayabbayānupassanāya pubbabhāge uppanne obhāsādayo dasa vipassanupakkilese pahāya upakkilesavimuttaṃ paṭipadāñāṇaṃ ‘‘maggo’’ti vavatthapetvā udayaṃ pahāya bhaṅgānupassanaṃ patvā nirantaraṃ bhaṅgānupassanena bhayato upaṭṭhitesu sabbasaṅkhāresu nibbindanto virajjanto vimuccanto yathākkamaṃ cattāro ariyamagge pāpuṇitvā arahattaphale patiṭṭhāya ekūnavīsatibhedassa paccavekkhaṇañāṇassa pariyantappatto sadevakassa lokassa aggadakkhiṇeyyo hoti. Ettāvatā cassa gaṇanaṃ ādiṃ katvā vipassanāpariyosānā ānāpānassatisamādhibhāvanā ca samattā hotīti.

Ayaṃ sabbākārato paṭhamacatukkavaṇṇanā.

Itaresu pana tīsu catukkesu yasmā visuṃ kammaṭṭhānabhāvanānayo nāma natthi; tasmā anupadavaṇṇanānayeneva nesaṃ attho veditabbo. Pītippaṭisaṃvedīti pītiṃ paṭisaṃviditaṃ karonto pākaṭaṃ karonto assasissāmi passasissāmīti sikkhati. Tattha dvīhākārehi pīti paṭisaṃviditā hoti – ārammaṇato ca asammohato ca.

Kathaṃ ārammaṇato pīti paṭisaṃviditā hoti? Sappītike dve jhāne samāpajjati, tassa samāpattikkhaṇe jhānapaṭilābhena ārammaṇato pīti paṭisaṃviditā hoti ārammaṇassa paṭisaṃviditattā.

Kathaṃ asammohato? Sappītike dve jhāne samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya jhānasampayuttakapītiṃ khayato vayato sammasati, tassa vipassanākkhaṇe lakkhaṇapaṭivedhena asammohato pīti paṭisaṃviditā hoti. Vuttañhetaṃ paṭisambhidāyaṃ –

‘‘Dīghaṃ assāsavasena cittassa ekaggataṃ avikkhepaṃ pajānato sati upaṭṭhitā hoti. Tāya satiyā tena ñāṇena sā pīti paṭisaṃviditā hoti. Dīghaṃ passāsavasena…pe… rassaṃ assāsavasena… rassaṃ passāsavasena… sabbakāyappaṭisaṃvedī assāsavasena… sabbakāyappaṭisaṃvedī passāsavasena… passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ assāsavasena… passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ passāsavasena cittassa ekaggataṃ avikkhepaṃ pajānato sati upaṭṭhitā hoti, tāya satiyā tena ñāṇena sā pīti paṭisaṃviditā hoti. Āvajjato sā pīti paṭisaṃviditā hoti jānato… passato… paccavekkhato… cittaṃ adhiṭṭhahato… saddhāya adhimuccato… vīriyaṃ paggaṇhato… satiṃ upaṭṭhāpayato… cittaṃ samādahato… paññāya pajānato… abhiññeyyaṃ abhijānato… pariññeyyaṃ parijānato… pahātabbaṃ pajahato… bhāvetabbaṃ bhāvayato… sacchikātabbaṃ sacchikaroto sā pīti paṭisaṃviditā hoti. Evaṃ sā pīti paṭisaṃviditā hotī’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.172).

Eteneva nayena avasesapadānipi atthato veditabbāni. Idaṃ panettha visesamattaṃ. Tiṇṇaṃ jhānānaṃ vasena sukhapaṭisaṃveditā catunnampi vasena cittasaṅkhārapaṭisaṃveditā veditabbā. ‘‘Cittasaṅkhāro’’ti vedanādayo dve khandhā. Sukhappaṭisaṃvedipade cettha vipassanābhūmidassanatthaṃ ‘‘sukhanti dve sukhāni – kāyikañca sukhaṃ cetasikañcā’’ti paṭisambhidāyaṃ vuttaṃ. Passambhayaṃ cittasaṅkhāranti oḷārikaṃ oḷārikaṃ cittasaṅkhāraṃ passambhento, nirodhentoti attho. So vitthārato kāyasaṅkhāre vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Apicettha pītipade pītisīsena vedanā vuttā. Sukhapade sarūpeneva vedanā. Dvīsu cittasaṅkhārapadesu ‘‘saññā ca vedanā ca cetasikā ete dhammā cittapaṭibaddhā cittasaṅkhārā’’ti (paṭi. ma. 1.174; ma. ni. 1.463) vacanato saññāsampayuttā vedanāti. Evaṃ vedanānupassanānayena idaṃ catukkaṃ bhāsitanti veditabbaṃ.

Tatiyacatukkepi catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ vasena cittapaṭisaṃveditā veditabbā. Abhippamodayaṃ cittanti cittaṃ modento pamodento hāsento pahāsento assasissāmi passasissāmīti sikkhati. Tattha dvīhākārehi abhippamodo hoti – samādhivasena ca vipassanāvasena ca.

Kathaṃ samādhivasena? Sappītike dve jhāne samāpajjati, so samāpattikkhaṇe sampayuttāya pītiyā cittaṃ āmodeti pamodeti. Kathaṃ vipassanāvasena? Sappītike dve jhāne samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya jhānasampayuttakapītiṃ khayato vayato sammasati; evaṃ vipassanākkhaṇe jhānasampayuttakapītiṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā cittaṃ āmodeti pamodeti. Evaṃ paṭipanno ‘‘abhippamodayaṃ cittaṃ assasissāmi passasissāmīti sikkhatī’’ti vuccati.

Samādahaṃ cittanti paṭhamajjhānādivasena ārammaṇe cittaṃ samaṃ ādahanto samaṃ ṭhapento tāni vā pana jhānāni samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya jhānasampayuttakacittaṃ khayato vayato sammasato vipassanākkhaṇe lakkhaṇapaṭivedhena uppajjati khaṇikacittekaggatā; evaṃ uppannāya khaṇikacittekaggatāya vasenapi ārammaṇe cittaṃ samaṃ ādahanto samaṃ ṭhapento ‘‘samādahaṃ cittaṃ assasissāmi passasissāmīti sikkhatī’’ti vuccati.

Vimocayaṃ cittanti paṭhamajjhānena nīvaraṇehi cittaṃ mocento vimocento, dutiyena vitakkavicārehi, tatiyena pītiyā, catutthena sukhadukkhehi cittaṃ mocento vimocento. Tāni vā pana jhānāni samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya jhānasampayuttakacittaṃ khayato vayato sammasati. So vipassanākkhaṇe aniccānupassanāya niccasaññāto cittaṃ mocento vimocento, dukkhānupassanāya sukhasaññāto, anattānupassanāya attasaññāto, nibbidānupassanāya nandito, virāgānupassanāya rāgato, nirodhānupassanāya samudayato, paṭinissaggānupassanāya ādānato cittaṃ mocento vimocento assasati ceva passasati ca. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘vimocayaṃ cittaṃ assasissāmi passasissāmīti sikkhatī’’ti. Evaṃ cittānupassanāvasena idaṃ catukkaṃ bhāsitanti veditabbaṃ.

Catutthacatukke pana aniccānupassīti ettha tāva aniccaṃ veditabbaṃ, aniccatā veditabbā, aniccānupassanā veditabbā, aniccānupassī veditabbo. Tattha ‘‘anicca’’nti pañcakkhandhā. Kasmā? Uppādavayaññathattabhāvā. ‘‘Aniccatā’’ti tesaññeva uppādavayaññathattaṃ hutvā abhāvo vā nibbattānaṃ tenevākārena aṭhatvā khaṇabhaṅgena bhedoti attho. ‘‘Aniccānupassanā’’ti tassā aniccatāya vasena rūpādīsu ‘‘anicca’’nti anupassanā; ‘‘aniccānupassī’’ti tāya anupassanāya samannāgato; tasmā evaṃ bhūto assasanto ca passasanto ca idha ‘‘aniccānupassī assasissāmi, passasissāmīti sikkhatī’’ti veditabbo.

Virāgānupassīti ettha pana dve virāgā – khayavirāgo ca accantavirāgo ca. Tattha ‘‘khayavirāgo’’ti saṅkhārānaṃ khaṇabhaṅgo; ‘‘accantavirāgo’’ti nibbānaṃ; ‘‘virāgānupassanā’’ti tadubhayadassanavasena pavattā vipassanā ca maggo ca. Tāya duvidhāyapi anupassanāya samannāgato hutvā assasanto ca passasanto ca ‘‘virāgānupassī assasissāmi passasissāmīti sikkhatī’’ti veditabbo. Nirodhānupassīpadepi eseva nayo.

Paṭinissaggānupassīti etthāpi dve paṭinissaggā – pariccāgapaṭinissaggo ca pakkhandanapaṭinissaggo ca. Paṭinissaggoyeva anupassanā paṭinissaggānupassanā; vipassanāmaggānametaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Vipassanā hi tadaṅgavasena saddhiṃ khandhābhisaṅkhārehi kilese pariccajati, saṅkhatadosadassanena ca tabbiparīte nibbāne tanninnatāya pakkhandatīti pariccāgapaṭinissaggo ceva pakkhandanapaṭinissaggo cāti vuccati. Maggo samucchedavasena saddhiṃ khandhābhisaṅkhārehi kilese pariccajati, ārammaṇakaraṇena ca nibbāne pakkhandatīti pariccāgapaṭinissaggo ceva pakkhandanapaṭinissago cāti vuccati. Ubhayampi pana purimapurimañāṇānaṃ anuanu passanato anupassanāti vuccati. Tāya duvidhāya paṭinissaggānupassanāya samannāgato hutvā assasanto ca passasanto ca paṭinisaggānupassī assasissāmi passasissāmīti sikkhatīti veditabbo. Evaṃ bhāvitoti evaṃ soḷasahi ākārehi bhāvito. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.

Ānāpānassatisamādhikathā niṭṭhitā.

167. Atha kho bhagavātiādimhi pana ayaṃ saṅkhepattho. Evaṃ bhagavā ānāpānassatisamādhikathāya bhikkhū samassāsetvā atha yaṃ taṃ tatiyapārājikapaññattiyā nidānañceva pakaraṇañca uppannaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ aññamaññaṃ jīvitā voropanaṃ, etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sannipātetvā paṭipucchitvā vigarahitvā ca yasmā tattha attanā attānaṃ jīvitā voropanaṃ migalaṇḍikena ca voropāpanaṃ pārājikavatthu na hoti; tasmā taṃ ṭhapetvā pārājikassa vatthubhūtaṃ aññamaññaṃ jīvitā voropanameva gahetvā pārājikaṃ paññapento ‘‘yo pana bhikkhu sañcicca manussaviggaha’’ntiādimāha. Ariyapuggalamissakattā panettha ‘‘moghapurisā’’ti avatvā ‘‘te bhikkhū’’ti vuttaṃ.

Evaṃ mūlacchejjavasena daḷhaṃ katvā tatiyapārājike paññatte aparampi anupaññattatthāya maraṇavaṇṇasaṃvaṇṇanavatthu udapādi, tassuppattidīpanatthaṃ ‘‘evañcidaṃ bhagavatā’’tiādi vuttaṃ.

168. Tattha paṭibaddhacittāti chandarāgena paṭibaddhacittā; sārattā apekkhavantoti attho. Maraṇavaṇṇaṃ saṃvaṇṇemāti jīvite ādīnavaṃ dassetvā maraṇassa guṇaṃ vaṇṇema; ānisaṃsaṃ dassemāti. Katakalyāṇotiādīsu ayaṃ padattho – kalyāṇaṃ sucikammaṃ kataṃ tayāti tvaṃ kho asi katakalyāṇo. Tathā kusalaṃ anavajjakammaṃ kataṃ tayāti katakusalo. Maraṇakāle sampatte yā sattānaṃ uppajjati bhayasaṅkhātā bhīrutā, tato tāyanaṃ rakkhaṇakammaṃ kataṃ tayāti katabhīruttāṇo pāpaṃ. Lāmakakammaṃ akataṃ tayāti akatapāpo. Luddaṃ dāruṇaṃ dussīlyakammaṃ akataṃ tayāti akataluddo. Kibbisaṃ sāhasikakammaṃ lobhādikilesussadaṃ akataṃ tayāti akatakibbiso. Kasmā idaṃ vuccati? Yasmā sabbappakārampi kataṃ tayā kalyāṇaṃ, akataṃ tayā pāpaṃ; tena taṃ vadāma – ‘‘kiṃ tuyhaṃ iminā rogābhibhūtattā lāmakena pāpakena dukkhabahulattā dujjīvitena’’. Mataṃ te jīvitā seyyoti tava maraṇaṃ jīvitā sundarataraṃ. Kasmā? Yasmā ito tvaṃ kālaṅkato katakālo hutvā kālaṃ katvā maritvāti attho. Kāyassa bhedā…pe… upapajjissasi. Evaṃ upapanno ca tattha dibbehi devaloke uppannehi pañcahi kāmaguṇehi manāpiyarūpādikehi pañcahi vatthukāmakoṭṭhāsehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricarissasi sampayutto samodhānagato hutvā ito cito ca carissasi, vicarissasi abhiramissasi vāti attho.

169. Asappāyānīti ahitāni avuḍḍhikarāni yāni khippameva jīvitakkhayaṃ pāpenti.