5. Pañcakanipāto

1. Rājadattattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Pañcakanipāte bhikkhu sivathikaṃ gantvātiādikā āyasmato rājadattattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro, tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ puññaṃ upacinanto, ito catuddase kappe buddhasuññe loke kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto, ekadivasaṃ kenacideva karaṇīyena vanantaṃ upagato tattha aññataraṃ paccekabuddhaṃ rukkhamūle nisinnaṃ disvā pasannamānaso suparisuddhaṃ ambāṭakaphalaṃ adāsi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ satthavāhakule nibbatti. Tassa mahārājaṃ vessavaṇaṃ ārādhetvā paṭiladdhabhāvato mātāpitaro rājadattoti nāmaṃ akaṃsu. So vayappatto pañcahi sakaṭasatehi bhaṇḍaṃ ādāya vāṇijjavasena rājagahaṃ agamāsi. Tena ca samayena rājagahe aññatarā gaṇikā abhirūpā dassanīyā paramasobhaggayogato divase divase sahassaṃ labhati. Atha so satthavāhaputto divase divase tassā gaṇikāya sahassaṃ datvā saṃvāsaṃ kappento nacirasseva sabbaṃ dhanaṃ khepetvā duggato hutvā ghāsacchādanamattampi alabhanto ito cito ca paribbhamanto saṃvegappatto ahosi. So ekadivasaṃ upāsakehi saddhiṃ veḷuvanaṃ agamāsi.

Tena ca samayena satthā mahatiyā parisāya parivuto dhammaṃ desento nisinno hoti. So parisapariyante nisīditvā satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā dhutaṅgāni samādiyitvā susāne vasati. Tadā aññataropi satthavāhaputto sahassaṃ datvā tāya gaṇikāya saha vasati. Sā ca gaṇikā tassa hatthe mahaggharatanaṃ disvā lobhaṃ uppādetvā aññehi dhuttapurisehi taṃ mārāpetvā taṃ ratanaṃ gaṇhi. Atha tassa satthavāhaputtassa manussā taṃ pavattiṃ sutvā ocarakamanusse pesesuṃ. Te rattiyaṃ tassā gaṇikāya gharaṃ pavisitvā chaviādīni anupahacceva taṃ māretvā sivathikāya chaḍḍesuṃ. Rājadattatthero asubhanimittaṃ gahetuṃ susāne vicaranto tassā gaṇikāya kaḷevaraṃ paṭikkulato manasi kātuṃ upagato katipayavāre yoniso manasi katvā aciramatabhāvato soṇasiṅgālādīhi anupahatachavitāya visabhāgavatthutāya ca ayoniso manasikaronto, tattha kāmarāgaṃ uppādetvā saṃviggataramānaso attano cittaṃ paribhāsitvā muhuttaṃ ekamantaṃ apasakkitvā ādito upaṭṭhitaṃ asubhanimittameva gahetvā yoniso manasikaronto jhānaṃ uppādetvā taṃ jhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā tāvadeva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.44.55-59) –

‘‘Vipine buddhaṃ disvāna, sayambhuṃ aparājitaṃ;

Ambāṭakaṃ gahetvāna, sayambhussa adāsahaṃ.

‘‘Ekatiṃse ito kappe, yaṃ phalamadadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, phaladānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā pītisomanassajāto –

315. ‘‘Bhikkhu sivathikaṃ gantvā, addasa itthimujjhitaṃ;

Apaviddhaṃ susānasmiṃ, khajjantiṃ kimihī phuṭaṃ.

316. ‘‘Yañhi eke jigucchanti, mataṃ disvāna pāpakaṃ;

Kāmarāgo pāturahu, andhova savatī ahuṃ.

317. ‘‘Oraṃ odanapākamhā, tamhā ṭhānā apakkamiṃ;

Satimā sampajānohaṃ, ekamantaṃ upāvisiṃ.

318. ‘‘Tato me manasīkāro, yoniso udapajjatha;

Ādīnavo pāturahu, nibbidā samatiṭṭhatha.

319. ‘‘Tato cittaṃ vimucci me, passa dhammasudhammataṃ;

Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti. –

Imā pañca gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha bhikkhu sivathikaṃ gantvāti saṃsāre bhayassa ikkhanato bhikkhu, asubhakammaṭṭhānatthaṃ āmakasusānaṃ upagantvā. ‘‘Bhikkhū’’ti cetaṃ attānaṃ sandhāya thero sayaṃ vadati. Itthinti thīyati ettha sukkasoṇitaṃ sattasantānabhāvena saṃhaññatīti thī, mātugāmo. Evañca sabhāvaniruttivasena ‘‘itthī’’tipi vuccati. Vañjhādīsu pana taṃsadisatāya taṃsabhāvānativattanato ca tabbohāro. ‘‘Itthī’’ti itthikaḷevaraṃ vadati. Ujjhitanti pariccattaṃ ujjhaniyattā eva apaviddhaṃ anapekkhabhāvena khittaṃ. Khajjantiṃ kimihī phuṭanti kimīhi pūritaṃ hutvā khajjamānaṃ.

Yañhi eke jigucchanti, mataṃ disvāna pāpakanti yaṃ apagatāyuusmāviññāṇatāya mataṃ kaḷevaraṃ pāpakaṃ nihīnaṃ lāmakaṃ eke cokkhajātikā jigucchanti, oloketumpi na icchanti. Kāmarāgo pāturahūti tasmiṃ kuṇape ayonisomanasikārassa balavatāya kāmarāgo mayhaṃ pāturahosi uppajji. Andhova savatī ahunti tasmiṃ kaḷevare navahi dvārehi asuciṃ savati sandante asucibhāvassa adassanena andho viya ahosiṃ. Tenāha –

‘‘Ratto atthaṃ na jānāti, ratto dhammaṃ na passati;

Andhatamaṃ tadā hoti, yaṃ rāgo sahate nara’’nti ca.

‘‘Kāmacchando kho, brāhmaṇa, andhakaraṇo acakkhukaraṇo’’ti ca ādi. Keci panettha takārāgamaṃ katvā ‘‘kilesapariyuṭṭhānena avasavatti kilesassa vā vasavattī’’ti atthaṃ vadanti. Apare ‘‘andhova asati ahu’’nti pāḷiṃ vatvā ‘‘kāmarāgena andho eva hutvā satirahito ahosi’’nti atthaṃ vadanti. Tadubhayaṃ pana pāḷiyaṃ natthi.

Oraṃ odanapākamhāti odanapākato oraṃ, yāvatā kālena suparidhotatintataṇḍulanāḷiyā odanaṃ pacati, tato orameva kālaṃ, tatopi lahukālena rāgaṃ vinodento, tamhā ṭhānā apakkamiṃ yasmiṃ ṭhāne ṭhitassa me rāgo uppajji, tamhā ṭhānā apakkamiṃ apasakkiṃ. Apakkantova satimā sampajānohaṃ samaṇasaññaṃ upaṭṭhapetvā satipaṭṭhānamanasikāravasena satimā, sammadeva dhammasabhāvajānanena sampajāno ca hutvā ekamantaṃ upāvisiṃ, pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā nisīdiṃ. Nisinnassa ca tato me manasīkāro, yoniso udapajjathātiādi sabbaṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayamevāti.

Rājadattattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

2. Subhūtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Ayogetiādikā āyasmato subhūtattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto kassapassa bhagavato kāle bārāṇasiyaṃ gahapatimahāsālakule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto ekadivasaṃ satthu santike dhammaṃ sutvā pasannamānaso saraṇesu ca sīlesu ca patiṭṭhāya māse māse aṭṭhakkhattuṃ catujjātiyagandhena satthu gandhakuṭiṃ opuñjāpesi. So tena puññakammena nibbattanibbattaṭṭhāne sugandhasarīro hutvā, imasmiṃ buddhuppāde magadharaṭṭhe gahapatikule nibbattitvā subhūtoti laddhanāmo vayappatto, nissaraṇajjhāsayatāya gharāvāsaṃ pahāya titthiyesu pabbajitvā tattha sāraṃ alabhanto, satthu santike upatissakolitaselādike bahū samaṇabrāhmaṇe pabbajitvā sāmaññasukhaṃ anubhavante disvā sāsane paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā ācariyupajjhāye ārādhetvā kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā vivekavāsaṃ vasanto vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 2.55.272-308) –

‘‘Imamhi bhaddake kappe, brahmabandhu mahāyaso;

Kassapo nāma gottena, uppajji vadataṃ varo.

‘‘Anubyañjanasampanno, bāttiṃsavaralakkhaṇo;

Byāmappabhāparivuto, raṃsijālasamotthaṭo.

‘‘Assāsetā yathā cando, sūriyova pabhaṅkaro;

Nibbāpetā yathā megho, sāgarova guṇākaro.

‘‘Dharaṇīriva sīlena, himavāva samādhinā;

Ākāso viya paññāya, asaṅgo anilo yathā.

‘‘Tadāhaṃ bārāṇasiyaṃ, upapanno mahākule;

Pahūtadhanadhaññasmiṃ, nānāratanasañcaye.

‘‘Mahatā parivārena, nisinnaṃ lokanāyakaṃ;

Upecca dhammamassosiṃ, amataṃva manoharaṃ.

‘‘Dvattiṃsalakkhaṇadharo, sanakkhattova candimā;

Anubyañjanasampanno, sālarājāva phullito.

‘‘Raṃsijālaparikkhitto, dittova kanakācalo;

Byāmappabhāparivuto, sataraṃsī divākaro.

‘‘Soṇṇānano jinavaro, samaṇīva siluccayo;

Karuṇāpuṇṇahadayo, guṇena viya sāgaro.

‘‘Lokavissutakitti ca, sinerūva naguttamo;

Yasasā vitthato vīro, ākāsasadiso muni.

‘‘Asaṅgacitto sabbattha, anilo viya nāyako;

Patiṭṭhā sabbabhūtānaṃ, mahīva munisattamo.

‘‘Anupalitto lokena, toyena padumaṃ yathā;

Kuvādagacchadahano, aggikkhandhova sobhati.

‘‘Agado viya sabbattha, kilesavisanāsako;

Gandhamādanaselova, guṇagandhavibhūsito.

‘‘Guṇānaṃ ākaro vīro, ratanānaṃva sāgaro;

Sindhūva vanarājīnaṃ, kilesamalahārako.

‘‘Vijayīva mahāyodho, mārasenāvamaddano;

Cakkavattīva so rājā, bojjhaṅgaratanissaro.

‘‘Mahābhisakkasaṅkāso, dosabyādhitikicchako;

Sallakatto yathā vejjo, diṭṭhigaṇḍaviphālako.

‘‘So tadā lokapajjoto, sanarāmarasakkato;

Parisāsu narādicco, dhammaṃ desayate jino.

‘‘Dānaṃ datvā mahābhogo, sīlena sugatūpago;

Bhāvanāya ca nibbāti, iccevamanusāsatha.

‘‘Desanaṃ taṃ mahassādaṃ, ādimajjhantasobhanaṃ;

Suṇanti parisā sabbā, amataṃva mahārasaṃ.

‘‘Sutvā sumadhuraṃ dhammaṃ, pasanno jinasāsane;

Sugataṃ saraṇaṃ gantvā, yāvajīvaṃ namassahaṃ.

‘‘Munino gandhakuṭiyā, opuñjesiṃ tadā mahiṃ;

Catujjātena gandhena, māse aṭṭha dinesvahaṃ.

‘‘Paṇidhāya sugandhattaṃ, sarīravissagandhino;

Tadā jino viyākāsi, sugandhatanulābhitaṃ.

‘‘Yo yaṃ gandhakuṭibhūmiṃ, gandhenopuñjate sakiṃ;

Tena kammavipākena, upapanno tahiṃ tahiṃ.

‘‘Sugandhadeho sabbattha, bhavissati ayaṃ naro;

Guṇagandhayutto hutvā, nibbāyissatināsavo.

‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;

Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.

‘‘Pacchime ca bhave dāni, jāto vippakule ahaṃ;

Gabbhaṃ me vasato mātā, dehenāsi sugandhitā.

‘‘Yadā ca mātukucchimhā, nikkhamāmi tadā purī;

Sāvatthi sabbagandhehi, vāsitā viya vāyatha.

‘‘Pupphavassañca surabhi, dibbagandhaṃ manoramaṃ;

Dhūpāni ca mahagghāni, upavāyiṃsu tāvade.

‘‘Devā ca sabbagandhehi, dhūpapupphehi taṃ gharaṃ;

Vāsayiṃsu sugandhena, yasmiṃ jāto ahaṃ ghare.

‘‘Yadā ca taruṇo bhaddo, paṭhame yobbane ṭhito;

Tadā selaṃ saparisaṃ, vinetvā narasārathi.

‘‘Tehi sabbehi parivuto, sāvatthipuramāgato;

Tadā buddhānubhāvaṃ taṃ, disvā pabbajito ahaṃ.

‘‘Sīlaṃ samādhipaññañca, vimuttiñca anuttaraṃ;

Bhāvetvā caturo dhamme, pāpuṇiṃ āsavakkhayaṃ.

‘‘Yadā pabbajito cāhaṃ, yadā ca arahā ahuṃ;

Nibbāyissaṃ yadā cāhaṃ, gandhavasso tadā ahu.

‘‘Sarīragandho ca sadātiseti me, mahārahaṃ candanacampakuppalaṃ;

Tatheva gandhe itare ca sabbaso, pasayha vāyāmi tato tahiṃ tahiṃ.

‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā titthiyesu pabbajitvā attano pattaṃ attakilamathānuyogaṃ dukkhaṃ, sāsane pabbajitvā pattaṃ jhānādisukhañca cintetvā attano paṭipattipaccavekkhaṇamukhena aññaṃ byākaronto –

320. ‘‘Ayoge yuñjamattānaṃ, puriso kiccamicchako;

Caraṃ ce nādhigaccheyya, taṃ me dubbhagalakkhaṇaṃ.

321. ‘‘Abbūḷhaṃ aghagataṃ vijitaṃ, ekañce ossajeyya kalīva siyā;

Sabbānipi ce ossajeyya andhova siyā, samavisamassa adassanato.

322. ‘‘Yañhi kayirā tañhi vade, yaṃ na kayirā na taṃ vade;

Akarontaṃ bhāsamānaṃ, parijānanti paṇḍitā.

323. ‘‘Yathāpi ruciraṃ pupphaṃ, vaṇṇavantaṃ agandhakaṃ;

Evaṃ subhāsitā vācā, aphalā hoti akubbato.

324. ‘‘Yathāpi ruciraṃ pupphaṃ, vaṇṇavantaṃ sugandhakaṃ;

Evaṃ subhāsitā vācā, saphalā hoti kubbato’’ti. –

Imā pañca gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha ayogeti ayuñjitabbe asevitabbe antadvaye. Idha pana attakilamathānuyogavasena attho veditabbo. Yuñjanti tasmiṃ attānaṃ yuñjanto yojento tathā paṭipajjanto. Kiccamicchakoti ubhayahitāvahaṃ kiccaṃ icchanto, tappaṭipakkhato ayoge caraṃ caranto ce bhaveyya. Nādhigaccheyyāti yathādhippetaṃ hitasukhaṃ na pāpuṇeyyāti ñāyo. Tasmā yaṃ ahaṃ titthiyamatavañcito ayoge yuñjiṃ, taṃ me dubbhagalakkhaṇaṃ apuññasabhāvo. ‘‘Purimakammabyāmohito ayoge yuñji’’nti dasseti.

Abbūḷhaṃ aghagataṃ vijitanti vibādhanasabhāvatāya aghā nāma rāgādayo, aghāni eva aghagataṃ, aghagatānaṃ vijitaṃ saṃsārappavatti, tesaṃ vijayo kusaladhammābhibhavo. ‘‘Aghagataṃ vijita’’nti anunāsikalopaṃ akatvā vuttaṃ. Taṃ abbūḷhaṃ anuddhataṃ yena, taṃ abbūḷhāghagataṃ vijitaṃ katvā evaṃbhūto hutvā, kilese asamucchinditvāti attho. Ekañce ossajeyyāti adutiyatāya padhānatāya ca ekaṃ appamādaṃ sammāpayogameva vā ossajeyya pariccajeyya ce. Kalīva so puggalo kāḷakaṇṇī viya siyā. Sabbānipi ce ossajeyyāti sabbānipi vimuttiyā paripācakāni saddhāvīriyasatisamādhipaññindriyāni ossajeyya ce, abhāvanāya chaḍḍeyya ce, andhova siyā samavisamassa adassanato.

Yathāti opammasampaṭipādanatthe nipāto. Ruciranti sobhanaṃ. Vaṇṇavantanti vaṇṇasaṇṭhānasampannaṃ. Agandhakanti gandharahitaṃ pālibhaddakagirikaṇṇikajayasumanādibhedaṃ. Evaṃ subhāsitā vācāti subhāsitā vācā nāma tepiṭakaṃ buddhavacanaṃ vaṇṇasaṇṭhānasampannapupphasadisaṃ. Yathā hi agandhakaṃ pupphaṃ dhārentassa sarīre gandho na pharati, evaṃ etampi yo sakkaccasavanādīhi ca samācarati, tassa sakkaccaṃ asamācarantassa yaṃ tattha kattabbaṃ, taṃ akubbato sutagandhaṃ paṭipattigandhañca na āvahati aphalā hoti. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘evaṃ subhāsitā vācā, aphalā hoti akubbato’’ti.

Sugandhakanti sumanacampakanīluppalapupphādibhedaṃ. Evanti yathā taṃ pupphaṃ dhārentassa sarīre gandho pharati, evaṃ tepiṭakabuddhavacanasaṅkhātā subhāsitā vācāpi yo sakkaccasavanādīhi tattha kattabbaṃ karoti, assa puggalassa saphalā hoti, sutagandhapaṭipattigandhānaṃ āvahanato mahapphalā hoti mahānisaṃsā. Tasmā yathovādaṃ paṭipajjeyya, yathākārī tathāvādī ca bhaveyyāti. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.

Subhūtattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

3. Girimānandattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Vassati devotiādikā āyasmato girimānandattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto sumedhassa bhagavato kāle kulagehe nibbattitvā vayappatto gharāvāsaṃ vasanto attano bhariyāya putte ca kālaṅkate sokasallasamappito araññaṃ paviṭṭho satthārā tattha gantvā dhammaṃ kathetvā sokasalle abbūḷhe pasannamānaso sugandhapupphehi pūjetvā pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā sirasi añjaliṃ katvā abhitthavi.

So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde rājagahe bimbisārarañño purohitassa putto hutvā nibbatti, girimānandotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So viññutaṃ patto satthu rājagahagamane buddhānubhāvaṃ disvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā samaṇadhammaṃ karonto katipayaṃ divasaṃ gāmakāvāse vasitvā satthāraṃ vandituṃ rājagahaṃ agamāsi. Bimbisāramahārājā tassa āgamanaṃ sutvā upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘idheva, bhante, vasatha, ahaṃ catūhi paccayehi upaṭṭhahāmī’’ti sampavāretvā gato bahukiccatāya na sari. ‘‘Thero abbhokāse vasatī’’ti devatā therassa temanabhayena vassaṃ vāresuṃ. Rājā avassanakāraṇaṃ sallakkhetvā therassa kuṭikaṃ kārāpesi. Thero kuṭikāyaṃ vasanto senāsanasappāyalābhena samādhānaṃ labhitvā vīriyasamataṃ yojetvā vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.40.419-448) –

‘‘Bhariyā me kālaṅkatā, putto sivathikaṃ gato;

Mātā pitā matā bhātā, ekacitamhi ḍayhare.

‘‘Tena sokena santatto, kiso paṇḍu ahosahaṃ;

Cittakkhepo ca me āsi, tena sokena aṭṭito.

‘‘Sokasallaparetohaṃ, vanantamupasaṅkamiṃ;

Pavattaphalaṃ bhuñjitvā, rukkhamūle vasāmahaṃ.

‘‘Sumedho nāma sambuddho, dukkhassantakaro jino;

Mamuddharitukāmo so, āgañchi mama santikaṃ.

‘‘Padasaddaṃ suṇitvāna, sumedhassa mahesino;

Paggahetvānahaṃ sīsaṃ, ullokesiṃ mahāmuniṃ.

‘‘Upāgate mahāvīre, pīti me udapajjatha;

Tadāsimekaggamano, disvā taṃ lokanāyakaṃ.

‘‘Satiṃ paṭilabhitvāna, paṇṇamuṭṭhimadāsahaṃ;

Nisīdi bhagavā tattha, anukampāya cakkhumā.

‘‘Nisajja tattha bhagavā, sumedho lokanāyako;

Dhammaṃ me kathayī buddho, sokasallavinodanaṃ.

‘‘Anavhitā tato āguṃ, ananuññātā ito gatā;

Yathāgatā tathā gatā, tattha kā paridevanā.

‘‘Yathāpi pathikā sattā, vassamānāya vuṭṭhiyā;

Sabhaṇḍā upagacchanti, vassassāpatanāya te.

‘‘Vasse ca te oramite, sampayanti yadicchakaṃ;

Evaṃ mātā pitā tuyhaṃ, tattha kā paridevanā.

‘‘Āgantukā pāhunakā, caliteritakampitā;

Evaṃ mātā pitā tuyhaṃ, tattha kā paridevanā.

‘‘Yathāpi urago jiṇṇaṃ, hitvā gacchati saṃ tacaṃ;

Evaṃ mātā pitā tuyhaṃ, saṃ tanuṃ idha hīyare.

‘‘Buddhassa giramaññāya, sokasallaṃ vivajjayiṃ;

Pāmojjaṃ janayitvāna, buddhaseṭṭhaṃ avandahaṃ.

‘‘Vanditvāna mahānāgaṃ, pūjayiṃ girimañjariṃ;

Dibbagandhaṃ sampavantaṃ, sumedhaṃ lokanāyakaṃ.

‘‘Pūjayitvāna sambuddhaṃ, sire katvāna añjaliṃ;