3. Ānandattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Pisuṇena ca kodhanenātiādikā āyasmato ānandattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare satthu vemātikabhātā hutvā nibbatti, sumanotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. Pitā panassa ānandarājā nāma. So attano puttassa sumanakumārassa vayappattassa haṃsavatito vīsayojanasate ṭhāne bhoganagaraṃ adāsi. So kadāci kadāci āgantvā attānañca pitarañca passati. Tadā rājā satthārañca satasahassaparimāṇaṃ bhikkhusaṅghañca sayameva sakkaccaṃ upaṭṭhahi, aññesaṃ upaṭṭhātuṃ na deti.

Tena samayena paccanto kupito ahosi. Kumāro tassa kupitabhāvaṃ rañño anārocetvā sayameva taṃ vūpasameti. Taṃ sutvā rājā tuṭṭhamānaso puttaṃ pakkosāpetvā ‘‘varaṃ te, tāta dammi, varaṃ gaṇhāhī’’ti āha. Kumāro ‘‘satthāraṃ bhikkhusaṅghañca temāsaṃ upaṭṭhahanto jīvitaṃ avañjhaṃ kātuṃ icchāmī’’ti āha. ‘‘Etaṃ na sakkā, aññaṃ vadehī’’ti. ‘‘Deva, khattiyānaṃ dvekathā nāma natthi, etadeva me dehi, na mayhaṃ aññena attho’’ti. ‘‘Sace satthā anujānāti, dinnamevā’’ti. So ‘‘satthu cittaṃ jānissāmī’’ti vihāraṃ gato.

Tena ca samayena bhagavā bhattakiccaṃ niṭṭhāpetvā gandhakuṭiṃ paviṭṭho hoti. So bhikkhū upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘ahaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ dassanāya āgato, dassetha me bhagavanta’’nti āha. Bhikkhū ‘‘sumano nāma thero satthu upaṭṭhāko, tassa santikaṃ gacchāhī’’ti āhaṃsu. So therassa santikaṃ gantvā vanditvā ‘‘satthāraṃ, bhante, me dassethā’’ti āha. Atha thero tassa passantasseva pathaviyaṃ nimujjitvā satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘bhante, rājaputto tumhākaṃ dassanāya āgato’’ti āha. ‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhu, bahi āsanaṃ paññāpehī’’ti. Thero punapi tassa passantasseva buddhāsanaṃ gahetvā antogandhakuṭiyaṃ nimujjitvā bahipariveṇe pātubhavitvā gandhakuṭipariveṇe āsanaṃ paññāpesi. Kumāro taṃ disvā ‘‘mahanto vatāyaṃ bhikkhū’’ti cittaṃ uppādesi.

Bhagavāpi gandhakuṭito nikkhamitvā paññattāsane nisīdi. Rājaputto satthāraṃ vanditvā, paṭisanthāraṃ katvā, ayaṃ, bhante, thero tumhākaṃ sāsane vallabho maññeti. ‘‘Āma kumāra, vallabho’’ti? ‘‘Kiṃ katvā, bhante, esa vallabho hotī’’ti?‘‘Dānādīni puññāni katvā’’ti. ‘‘Bhagavā, ahampi ayaṃ thero viya anāgate buddhasāsane vallabho hotukāmo’’ti satthāhaṃ khandhāvārabhattaṃ nāma datvāpi sattame divase, bhante, mayā pitu santikā temāsaṃ tumhākaṃ paṭijagganavaro laddho, temāsaṃ me vassāvāsaṃ adhivāsethāti. Bhagavā, ‘‘atthi nu kho tattha gatena attho’’ti oloketvā ‘‘atthī’’ti disvā ‘‘suññāgāre kho, kumāra, tathāgatā abhiramantī’’ti āha. Kumāro ‘‘aññātaṃ bhagavā, aññātaṃ sugatā’’ti vatvā ‘‘ahaṃ, bhante, purimataraṃ gantvā vihāraṃ kāremi, mayā pesite bhikkhusatasahassena saddhiṃ āgacchathā’’ti paṭiññaṃ gahetvā pitu santikaṃ gantvā ‘‘dinnā me, deva, bhagavatā paṭiññā, mayā pahite bhagavantaṃ peseyyāthā’’ti pitaraṃ vanditvā, nikkhamitvā yojane yojane vihāraṃ karonto vīsayojanasataṃ addhānaṃ gato. Gantvā ca attano nagare vihāraṭṭhānaṃ vicinanto sobhanassa nāma kuṭumbikassa uyyānaṃ disvā satasahassena kiṇitvā satasahassaṃ vissajjetvā vihāraṃ kāresi. Tattha bhagavato gandhakuṭiṃ sesabhikkhūnañca rattiṭṭhānadivāṭṭhānatthāya kuṭileṇamaṇḍape kāretvā pākāraparikkhepaṃ dvārakoṭṭhakañca niṭṭhāpetvā pitu santikaṃ pesesi ‘‘niṭṭhitaṃ mayhaṃ kiccaṃ, satthāraṃ pahiṇathā’’ti.

Rājā bhagavantaṃ bhojetvā ‘‘bhagavā sumanassa kiccaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ, tumhākaṃ gamanaṃ paccāsīsatī’’ti āha. Bhagavā satasahassabhikkhuparivuto yojane yojane vihāresu vasamāno agamāsi. Kumāro ‘‘satthā āgacchatī’’ti sutvā yojanaṃ paccuggantvā gandhamālādīhi pūjayamāno satasahassena kīte sobhane nāma uyyāne satasahassena kāritaṃ vihāraṃ pavesetvā –

‘‘Satasahassena me kītaṃ, satasahassena māpitaṃ;

Sobhanaṃ nāma uyyānaṃ, paṭiggaṇha mahāmunī’’ti. –

Taṃ niyyādesi. So vassūpanāyikadivase mahādānaṃ pavattetvā ‘‘imināva nīhārena dānaṃ dadeyyāthā’’ti puttadāre amacce ca kiccakaraṇīyesu ca niyojetvā sayaṃ sumanattherassa vasanaṭṭhānasamīpeyeva vasanto temāsaṃ satthāraṃ upaṭṭhahanto upakaṭṭhāya pavāraṇāya gāmaṃ pavisitvā sattāhaṃ mahādānaṃ pavattetvā sattame divase satthu bhikkhusatasahassassa ca pādamūle ticīvarāni ṭhapetvā vanditvā, ‘‘bhante, yadetaṃ mayā sattāhaṃ khandhāvāradānato paṭṭhāya puññaṃ kataṃ, na taṃ saggasampattiādīnaṃ atthāya, atha kho ahaṃ ayaṃ sumanatthero viya anāgate ekassa buddhassa upaṭṭhāko bhaveyya’’nti paṇidhānaṃ akāsi. Satthāpissa anantarāyataṃ disvā byākaritvā pakkāmi.

Sopi tasmiṃ buddhuppāde vassasatasahassaṃ puññāni katvā tato parampi tattha tattha bhave uḷārāni puññakammāni upacinitvā devamanussesu saṃsaranto kassapassa bhagavato kāle piṇḍāya carato ekassa therassa pattaggahaṇatthaṃ uttarasāṭakaṃ datvā pūjaṃ akāsi. Puna sagge nibbattitvā tato cuto bārāṇasirājā hutvā aṭṭha paccekabuddhe disvā te bhojetvā attano maṅgaluyyāne aṭṭha paṇṇasālāyo kāretvā tesaṃ nisīdanatthāya aṭṭha sabbaratanamayapīṭhe ceva maṇiādhārake ca paṭiyādetvā dasavassasahassāni upaṭṭhānaṃ akāsi. Etāni pākaṭaṭṭhānāni.

Kappasatasahassaṃ pana tattha tattha bhave puññāni karontova amhākaṃ bodhisattena saddhiṃ tusitapure nibbattitvā tato cuto amitodanasakkassa gehe nibbatti. Tassa sabbe ñātake ānandite karonto jātoti ānandotveva nāmaṃ ahosi. So anukkamena vayappatto katābhinikkhamane sammāsambodhiṃ patvā pavattitavaradhammacakke paṭhamaṃ kapilavatthuṃ gantvā tato nikkhante bhagavati tassa parivāratthaṃ pabbajituṃ nikkhantehi bhaddiyādīhi saddhiṃ nikkhamitvā bhagavato santike pabbajitvā nacirasseva āyasmato puṇṇassa mantāṇiputtassa santike dhammakathaṃ sutvā sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhahi.

Tena ca samayena bhagavato paṭhamabodhiyaṃ vīsativassāni anibaddhaupaṭṭhākā ahesuṃ. Ekadā nāgasamālo pattacīvaraṃ gahetvā vicari, ekadā nāgito, ekadā upavāno, ekadā sunakkhatto, ekadā cundo samaṇuddeso, ekadā sāgato, ekadā meghiyo, te yebhuyyena satthu cittaṃ nārādhayiṃsu. Athekadivasaṃ bhagavā gandhakuṭipariveṇe paññattavarabuddhāsane bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto nisinno bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘ahaṃ, bhikkhave, idānimhi mahallako, ekacce bhikkhū ‘iminā maggena gacchāmā’ti vutte aññena gacchanti, ekacce mayhaṃ pattacīvaraṃ bhūmiyaṃ nikkhipanti, mayhaṃ nibaddhupaṭṭhākaṃ bhikkhuṃ jānāthā’’ti. Taṃ sutvā bhikkhūnaṃ dhammasaṃvego udapādi. Athāyasmā sāriputto uṭṭhāya bhagavantaṃ vanditvā – ‘‘ahaṃ, bhante, tumhe upaṭṭhahissāmī’’ti āha. Taṃ bhagavā paṭikkhipi. Etenupāyena mahāmoggallānaṃ ādiṃ katvā sabbe mahāsāvakā – ‘‘ahaṃ upaṭṭhahissāmi, ahaṃ upaṭṭhahissāmī’’ti uṭṭhahiṃsu ṭhapetvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ, tepi bhagavā paṭikkhipi. So pana tuṇhīyeva nisīdi. Atha naṃ bhikkhū āhaṃsu – ‘‘āvuso, tvampi satthu upaṭṭhākaṭṭhānaṃ yācāhī’’ti. Yācitvā laddhaṭṭhānaṃ nāma kīdisaṃ hoti, sace ruccati, satthā sayameva vakkhatīti. Atha bhagavā ‘‘na, bhikkhave, ānando aññehi ussāhetabbo, sayameva jānitvā maṃ upaṭṭhahissatī’’ti āha. Tato bhikkhū ‘‘uṭṭhehi, āvuso ānanda, satthāraṃ upaṭṭhākaṭṭhānaṃ yācāhī’’ti āhaṃsu.

Thero uṭṭhahitvā ‘‘sace me, bhante, bhagavā attanā laddhaṃ paṇītacīvaraṃ na dassati, paṇītapiṇḍapātaṃ na dassati, ekagandhakuṭiyaṃ vasituṃ na dassati, nimantanaṃ gahetvā na gamissati, evāhaṃ bhagavantaṃ upaṭṭhahissāmī’’ti āha. ‘‘Ettake guṇe labhato satthu upaṭṭhāne ko bhāro’’ti upavādamocanatthaṃ ime cattāro paṭikkhepā ca – ‘‘sace, bhante, bhagavā mayā gahitanimantanaṃ gamissati, sacāhaṃ desantarato āgatāgate tāvadeva dassetuṃ lacchāmi; yadā me kaṅkhā uppajjati, tāvadeva bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamituṃ lacchāmi, sace bhagavā parammukhā desitaṃ dhammaṃ puna mayhaṃ kathessati, evāhaṃ bhagavantaṃ upaṭṭhahissāmī’’ti ‘‘ettakampi satthu santike anuggahaṃ na labhatī’’ti upavādamocanatthañceva dhammabhaṇḍāgārikabhāvapāramīpūraṇatthañca imā catasso āyācanā cāti aṭṭha vare gahetvā nibaddhupaṭṭhāko ahosi. Tasseva ṭhānantarassa atthāya kappasatasahassaṃ pūritānaṃ pāramīnaṃ phalaṃ pāpuṇi. So upaṭṭhākaṭṭhānaṃ laddhadivasato paṭṭhāya dasabalaṃ duvidhena udakena, tividhena dantakaṭṭhena, hatthapādaparikammena piṭṭhiparikammena, gandhakuṭipariveṇasammajjanenāti evamādīhi kiccehi upaṭṭhahanto ‘‘imāya nāma velāya satthu idaṃ nāma laddhuṃ vaṭṭati, idaṃ nāma kātuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti divasabhāgaṃ santikāvacaro hutvā, rattibhāge mahantaṃ daṇḍadīpikaṃ gahetvā gandhakuṭipariveṇaṃ nava vāre anupariyāyati, satthari pakkosante paṭivacanadānāya thinamiddhavinodanatthaṃ.

Atha naṃ satthā jetavane ariyagaṇamajjhe nisinno anekapariyāyena pasaṃsitvā ‘‘bahussutānaṃ satimantānaṃ gatimantānaṃ dhitimantānaṃ upaṭṭhākānañca bhikkhūnaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. Evaṃ satthārā pañcasu ṭhānesu etadagge ṭhapito catūhi acchariyabbhutadhammehi samannāgato satthu dhammakosārakkho ayaṃ mahāthero sekhova samāno satthari parinibbute heṭṭhā vuttanayena bhikkhūhi samuttejito devatāya ca saṃvejito ‘‘sveyeva ca dāni dhammasaṅgīti kātabbā, na kho pana metaṃ patirūpaṃ, yvāyaṃ sekho sakaraṇīyo hutvā asekhehi therehi saddhiṃ dhammaṃ saṅgāyituṃ sannipātaṃ gantu’’nti sañjātussāho vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā bahudevarattiṃ vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto caṅkame vīriyasamataṃ alabhitvā vihāraṃ pavisitvā sayane nisīditvā sayitukāmo kāyaṃ āvaṭṭesi. Appattañca sīsaṃ bimbohanaṃ pādā ca bhūmito muttamattā, etasmiṃ antare anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimucci chaḷabhiñño ahosi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.1.644-663) –

‘‘Ārāmadvārā nikkhamma, padumuttaro mahāmuni;

Vassento amataṃ vuṭṭhiṃ, nibbāpesi mahājanaṃ.

‘‘Satasahassaṃ te dhīrā, chaḷabhiññā mahiddhikā;

Parivārenti sambuddhaṃ, chāyāva anapāyinī.

‘‘Hatthikkhandhagato āsiṃ, setacchattaṃ varuttamaṃ;

Sucārurūpaṃ disvāna, vitti me udapajjatha.

‘‘Oruyha hatthikhandhamhā, upagacchiṃ narāsabhaṃ;

Ratanāmayachattaṃ me, buddhaseṭṭhassa dhārayiṃ.

‘‘Mama saṅkappamaññāya, padumuttaro mahāisi;

Taṃ kathaṃ ṭhapayitvāna, imā gāthā abhāsatha.

‘‘Yo so chattamadhāresi, soṇṇālaṅkārabhūsitaṃ;

Tamahaṃ kittayissāmi, suṇotha mama bhāsato.

‘‘Ito gantvā ayaṃ poso, tusitaṃ āvasissati;

Anubhossati sampattiṃ, accharāhi purakkhato.

‘‘Catutiṃsatikkhattuñca, devarajjaṃ karissati;

Balādhipo aṭṭhasataṃ, vasudhaṃ āvasissati.

‘‘Aṭṭhapaññāsakkhattuñca, cakkavattī bhavissati;

Padesarajjaṃ vipulaṃ, mahiyā kārayissati.

‘‘Kappasatasahassamhi, okkākakulasambhavo;

Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.

‘‘Sakyānaṃ kulaketussa, ñātibandhu bhavissati;

Ānando nāma nāmena, upaṭṭhāko mahesino.

‘‘Ātāpī nipako cāpi, bāhusaccesu kovido;

Nivātavutti atthaddho, sabbapāṭhī bhavissati.

‘‘Padhānapahitatto so, upasanto nirūpadhi;

Sabbāsave pariññāya, nibbāyissatināsavo.

‘‘Santi āraññakā nāgā, kuñjarā saṭṭhihāyanā;

Tidhāpabhinnā mātaṅgā, īsādantā urūḷhavā.

‘‘Anekasatasahassā, paṇḍitāpi mahiddhikā;

Sabbe te buddhanāgassa, na hontupaṇidhimhi te.

‘‘Ādiyā me namassāmi, majjhime atha pacchime;

Pasannacitto sumano, buddhaseṭṭhaṃ upaṭṭhahiṃ.

‘‘Ātāpī nipako cāpi, sampajāno paṭissato;

Sotāpattiphalaṃ patto, sekhabhūmīsu kovido.

‘‘Satasahassito kappe, yaṃ kammamabhinīhariṃ;

Tāhaṃ bhūmimanuppatto, ṭhitā saddhammamācalā.

‘‘Svāgataṃ vata me āsi…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Chaḷabhiñño pana hutvā saṅgītimaṇḍapaṃ pavisitvā dhammaṃ saṅgāyanto tattha tattha bhikkhūnaṃ ovādadānavasena attano paṭipattidīpanādivasena ca bhāsitagāthā ekajjhaṃ katvā anukkameva khuddakanikāyasaṅgāyanakāle theragāthāsu saṅgītiṃ āropento –

1017. ‘‘Pisuṇena ca kodhanena ca, maccharinā ca vibhūtanandinā;

Sakhitaṃ na kareyya paṇḍito, pāpo kāpurisena saṅgamo.

1018. ‘‘Saddhena ca pesalena ca, paññavatā bahussutena ca;

Sakhitaṃ kareyya paṇḍito, bhaddo sappurisena saṅgamo.

1019. ‘‘Passa cittakataṃ bimbaṃ, arukāyaṃ samussitaṃ;

Āturaṃ bahusaṅkappaṃ, yassa natthi dhuvaṃ ṭhiti.

1020. ‘‘Passa cittakataṃ rūpaṃ, maṇinā kuṇḍalena ca;

Aṭṭhitacena onaddhaṃ, saha vatthehi sobhati.

1021. ‘‘Alattakakatā pādā, mukhaṃ cuṇṇakamakkhitaṃ;

Alaṃ bālassa mohāya, no ca pāragavesino.

1022. ‘‘Aṭṭhapadakatā kesā, nettā añjanamakkhitā;

Alaṃ bālassa mohāya, no ca pāragavesino.

1023. ‘‘Añjanīva navā cittā, pūtikāyo alaṅkato;

Alaṃ bālassa mohāya, no ca pāragavesino.

‘‘Odahi migavo pāsaṃ, nāsadā vāguraṃ migo;

Bhutvā nivāpaṃ gacchāma, kandante migabandhake.

‘‘Chinno pāso migavassa, nāsadā vāguraṃ migo;

Bhutvā nivāpaṃ gacchāma, socante migaluddake.

1024. ‘‘Bahussuto cittakathī, buddhassa paricārako;

Pannabhāro visaññutto, seyyaṃ kappeti gotamo.

1025. ‘‘Khīṇāsavo visaññutto, saṅgātīto sunibbuto;

Dhāreti antimaṃ dehaṃ, jātimaraṇapāragū.

1026. ‘‘Yasmiṃ patiṭṭhitā dhammā, buddhassādiccabandhuno;

Nibbānagamane magge, soyaṃ tiṭṭhati gotamo.

1027. ‘‘Dvāsīti buddhato gaṇhiṃ, dve sahassāni bhikkhuto;

Caturāsītisahassāni, ye me dhammā pavattino.

1028. ‘‘Appassutāyaṃ puriso, balibaddova jīrati;

Maṃsāni tassa vaḍḍhanti, paññā tassa na vaḍḍhati.

1029. ‘‘Bahussuto appassutaṃ, yo sutenātimaññati;

Andho padīpadhārova, tatheva paṭibhāti maṃ.

1030. ‘‘Bahussutaṃ upāseyya, sutañca na vināsaye;

Taṃ mūlaṃ brahmacariyassa, tasmā dhammadharo siyā.

1031. ‘‘Pubbāparaññū atthaññū, niruttipadakovido;

Suggahītañca gaṇhāti, atthañcopaparikkhati.

1032. ‘‘Khantyā chandikato hoti, ussahitvā tuleti taṃ;

Samaye so padahati, ajjhattaṃ susamāhito.

1033. ‘‘Bahussutaṃ dhammadharaṃ, sappaññaṃ buddhasāvakaṃ;

Dhammaviññāṇamākaṅkhaṃ, taṃ bhajetha tathāvidhaṃ.

1034. ‘‘Bahussuto dhammadharo, kosārakkho mahesino;

Cakkhu sabbassa lokassa, pūjanīyo bahussuto.

1035. ‘‘Dhammārāmo dhammarato, dhammaṃ anuvicintayaṃ;

Dhammaṃ anussaraṃ bhikkhu, saddhammā na parihāyati.

1036. ‘‘Kāyamaccheragaruno, hiyyamāne anuṭṭhahe;

Sarīrasukhagiddhassa, kuto samaṇaphāsutā.

1037. ‘‘Na pakkhanti disā sabbā, dhammā na paṭibhanti maṃ;

Gate kalyāṇamittamhi, andhakāraṃva khāyati.

1038. ‘‘Abbhatītasahāyassa, atītagatasatthuno;

Natthi etādisaṃ mittaṃ, yathā kāyagatā sati.

1039. ‘‘Ye purāṇā atītā te, navehi na sameti me;

Svajja ekova jhāyāmi, vassupetova pakkhimā.

1040. ‘‘Dassanāya abhikkante, nānāverajjake bahū;

Mā vārayittha sotāro, passantu samayo mamaṃ.

1041. ‘‘Dassanāya abhikkante, nānāverajjake puthu;

Karoti satthā okāsaṃ, na nivāreti cakkhumā.

1042. ‘‘Paṇṇavīsati vassāni, sekhabhūtassa me sato;

Na kāmasaññā uppajji, passa dhammasudhammataṃ.

1043. ‘‘Paṇṇavīsati vassāni, sekhabhūtassa me sato;

Na dosasaññā uppajji, passa dhammasudhammataṃ.

1044. ‘‘Paṇṇavīsati vassāni, bhagavantaṃ upaṭṭhahiṃ;

Mettena kāyakammena, chāyāva anapāyinī.

1045. ‘‘Paṇṇavīsati vassāni, bhagavantaṃ upaṭṭhahiṃ;

Mettena vacīkammena, chāyāva anapāyinī.

1046. ‘‘Paṇṇavīsati vassāni, bhagavantaṃ upaṭṭhahiṃ;

Mettena manokammena, chāyāva anapāyinī.

1047. ‘‘Buddhassa caṅkamantassa, piṭṭhito anucaṅkamiṃ;

Dhamme desiyamānamhi, ñāṇaṃ me udapajjatha.

1048. ‘‘Ahaṃ sakaraṇīyomhi, sekho appattamānaso;

Satthu ca parinibbānaṃ, yo amhaṃ anukampako.

1049. ‘‘Tadāsi yaṃ bhiṃsanakaṃ, tadāsi lomahaṃsanaṃ;

Sabbakāravarūpete, sambuddhe parinibbute.

1050. ‘‘Bahussuto dhammadharo, kosārakkho mahesino;

Cakkhu sabbassa lokassa, ānando parinibbuto.

1051. ‘‘Bahussuto dhammadharo, kosārakkho mahesino;

Cakkhu sabbassa lokassa, andhakāre tamonudo.

1052. ‘‘Gatimanto satimanto, dhitimanto ca yo isi;

Saddhammadhārako thero, ānando ratanākaro.

1053. ‘‘Pariciṇṇo mayā satthā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ;

Ohito garuko bhāro, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’ti. –

Imā gāthā abhāsi.

Tattha pisuṇena cāti ādito dve gāthā chabbaggiye bhikkhū devadattapakkhiyehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ saṃsaggaṃ karonte disvā tesaṃ ovādadānavasena vuttā. Tattha pisuṇenāti pisuṇāya vācāya. Tāya hi yutto puggalo ‘‘pisuṇo’’ti vutto yathā nīlaguṇayutto paṭo nīloti. Kodhanenāti kujjhanasīlena. Attasampattinigūhaṇalakkhaṇassa maccherassa sambhavato maccharinā. Vibhūtanandināti sattānaṃ vibhūtaṃ vibhavanaṃ vināsaṃ icchantena, vibhūtaṃ vā visuṃ bhāvo bhedo, taṃ nandanena, sabbametaṃ devadattapakkhiyeva sandhāya vuttaṃ. Te hi pañcavatthudīpanāya bahū jane sammāpaṭipanne bhindantā satthari bahiddhatāya thaddhamacchariyādimacchariyapakatā mahājanassa mahato anatthāya paṭipajjiṃsu. Sakhitanti sahāyabhāvaṃ saṃsaggaṃ na kareyya, kiṃkāraṇā? Pāpo kāpurisena saṅgamo kāpurisena pāpapuggalena samāgamo nihīno lāmako. Ye hissa diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjanti. Tesaṃ ducintitādibhedaṃ bālalakkhaṇameva āvahati, pageva vacanakarassa. Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘yāni kānici, bhikkhave, bhayāni uppajjanti, sabbāni tāni bālato uppajjanti, no paṇḍitato’’tiādi (a. ni. 3.1).

Yena pana saṃsaggo kātabbo, taṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘saddhena cā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha saddhenāti kammakammaphalasaddhāya ceva, ratanattayasaddhāya ca samannāgatena. Pesalenāti piyasīlena sīlasampannena. Paññavatāti udayatthagāminiyā nibbedhikāya paññāya vasena paññāsampannena. Bahussutenāti pariyattipaṭivedhabāhusaccānaṃ pāripūriyā bahussutena. Bhaddoti tena tādisena sādhunā saṅgamo bhaddo sundaro kalyāṇo diṭṭhadhammikādibhedaṃ atthaṃ āvahatīti adhippāyo.

Passa cittakatantiādikā satta gāthā attano rūpasampattiṃ disvā kāmasaññaṃ uppādentiyā uttarāya nāma upāsikāya kāyavicchandajananatthaṃ bhāsitā. ‘‘Ambapāliṃ gaṇikaṃ disvā vikkhittacittānaṃ ovādadānattha’’ntipi vadanti. Tā heṭṭhā vuttatthā eva.

Bahussuto cittakathītiādikā dve gāthā therena arahattaṃ patvā udānavasena bhāsitā. Tattha paricārakoti upaṭṭhāko. Seyyaṃ kappetīti arahattappattisamanantaraṃ sayitattā vuttaṃ. Thero hi bahudeva rattiṃ caṅkamena vītināmetvā sarīraṃ utuṃ gāhāpetuṃ ovarakaṃ pavisitvā sayituṃ mañcake nisinno pādā ca bhūmito muttā, appattañca sīsaṃ bimbohanaṃ, etthantare arahattaṃ patvā sayi.

Khīṇāsavoti parikkhīṇacaturāsavo, tato eva catūhipi yogehi visaṃyutto, rāgasaṅgādīnaṃ atikkantattā saṅgātīto, sabbaso kilesapariḷāhassa vūpasantattā sunibbuto sītibhūtoti attho.

Yasmiṃ patiṭṭhitā dhammāti theraṃ uddissa khīṇāsavamahābrahmunā bhāsitā gāthā. Upaṭṭhitāya hi dhammasaṅgītiyā theraṃ uddissa yehi bhikkhūhi ‘‘eko bhikkhu vissagandhaṃ vāyatī’’ti vuttaṃ. Atha thero adhigate arahatte sattapaṇṇiguhādvāraṃ saṅghassa sāmaggīdānatthaṃ āgato, tassa khīṇāsavabhāvappakāsanena suddhāvāsamahābrahmā. Te bhikkhū lajjāpento ‘‘yasmiṃ patiṭṭhitā dhammā’’ti gāthamāha. Tassattho – buddhassa bhagavato dhammā teneva adhigatā paveditā ca paṭivedhapariyattidhammā. Yasmiṃ purisavisese patiṭṭhitā, soyaṃ gottato gotamo dhammabhaṇḍāgāriko saupādisesanibbānassa adhigatattā idāni anupādisesanibbānagamane magge patiṭṭhahi, tassa ekaṃsabhāgīti.

Athekadivasaṃ gopakamoggallāno nāma brāhmaṇo theraṃ pucchi – ‘‘tvaṃ bahussutoti buddhassa sāsane pākaṭo, kittakā dhammā te satthārā bhāsitā, tayā dhāritā’’ti? Tassa thero paṭivacanaṃ dento ‘‘dvāsītī’’ti gāthamāha. Tattha dvāsīti sahassānīti yojanā, buddhato gaṇhinti sammāsambuddhato uggaṇhiṃ dvisahassādhikāni asītidhammakkhandhasahassāni satthu santikā adhigaṇhinti attho. Dve sahassāni bhikkhutoti dve dhammakkhandhasahassāni bhikkhuto gaṇhiṃ, dhammasenāpatiādīnaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ santikā adhigacchiṃ. Caturāsītisahassānīti tadubhayaṃ samodhānetvā catusahassādhikāni asītisahassāni. Ye me dhammā pavattinoti ye yathāvuttaparimāṇā dhammakkhandhā mayhaṃ paguṇā vācuggatā jivhagge parivattantīti.

Athekadā thero sāsane pabbajitvā vipassanādhurepi ganthadhurepi ananuyuttaṃ ekaṃ puggalaṃ disvā bāhusaccābhāve ādīnavaṃ pakāsento ‘‘appassutāya’’nti gāthamāha. Tattha appassutāyanti ekassa dvinnaṃ vā paṇṇāsānaṃ, atha vā pana vaggānaṃ antamaso ekassa dvinnaṃ vā suttantānampi uggahitānaṃ abhāvena appassuto ayaṃ, kammaṭṭhānaṃ pana uggahetvā anuyuñjanto bahussutova. Balibaddova jīratīti yathā balibaddo jīramāno vaḍḍhamāno neva mātu na pitu, na sesañātakānaṃ atthāya vaḍḍhati, atha kho niratthakameva jīrati; evamevaṃ ayampi na upajjhāyavattaṃ karoti, na ācariyavattaṃ, na āgantukavattādīni, na bhāvanaṃ anuyuñjati, niratthakameva jīrati. Maṃsāni tassa vaḍḍhantīti yathā balibaddassa ‘‘kasanabhāravahanādīsu asamattho eso’’ti araññe vissaṭṭhassa yathā tathā vicarantassa khādantassa pivantassa maṃsāni tassa vaḍḍhanti; evamevaṃ imassāpi upajjhāyādīhi vissaṭṭhassa saṅghaṃ nissāya cattāro paccaye labhitvā uddhaṃvirecanādīni katvā kāyaṃ posentassa maṃsāni vaḍḍhanti thūlasarīro hutvā vicarati. Paññāti lokiyalokuttarā panassa paññā ekaṅgulimattāpi na vaḍḍhati, araññe gacchalatādīni viya assa chadvārāni nissāya taṇhā ceva navavidhamāno ca vaḍḍhatīti adhippāyo.

Bahussutoti gāthā attano bāhusaccaṃ nissāya aññaṃ atimaññantaṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ uddissa vuttā. Tattha sutenāti sutahetu attano bāhusaccanimittaṃ. Atimaññatīti atikkamitvā maññati attānaṃ ukkaṃsento paraṃ paribhavati. Tathevāti yathā andho andhakāre telapajjotaṃ dhārento ālokadānena paresaṃyeva atthāvaho, na attano, tatheva pariyattibāhusaccena sutavā puggalo sutena anupapanno attano atthaṃ aparipūrento andho ñāṇālokadānena paresaṃyeva atthāvaho, na attano, dīpadhāro andho viya mayhaṃ upaṭṭhātīti.

Idāni bāhusacce ānisaṃsaṃ dassento ‘‘bahussuta’’nti gāthamāha. Tattha upāseyyāti payirupāseyya. Sutañca na vināsayeti bahussutaṃ payirupāsitvā laddhaṃ sutañca na vināseyya, na susseyya dhāraṇaparicayaparipucchāmanasikārehi vaḍḍheyya. Taṃ mūlaṃ brahmacariyassāti yasmā bahussutaṃ payirupāsitvā laddhaṃ taṃ sutaṃ pariyattibāhusaccaṃ maggabrahmacariyassa mūlaṃ padhānakāraṇaṃ. Tasmā dhammadharo siyā vimuttāyatanasīse ṭhatvā yathāsutassa dhammassa dhāraṇe paṭhamaṃ pariyattidhammadharo bhaveyya.

Idāni pariyattibāhusaccena sādhetabbamatthaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘pubbāparaññū’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha pubbañca aparañca jānātīti pubbāparaññū. Ekissā hi gāthāya pubbabhāge apaññāyamānepi pubbabhāge vā paññāyamāne aparabhāge apaññāyamānepi ‘‘imassa aparabhāgassa iminā pubbabhāgena, imassa vā pubbabhāgassa iminā aparabhāgena bhavitabba’’nti jānanto pubbāparaññū nāma. Attatthādibhedaṃ tassa tassa bhāsitassa atthaṃ jānātīti atthaññū. Niruttipadakovidoti niruttiyaṃ sesapadesupi cāti catūsupi paṭisambhidāsu cheko. Suggahītañca gaṇhātīti teneva kovidabhāvena atthato byañjanato ca dhammaṃ sugahitameva katvā gaṇhāti. Atthañcopaparikkhatīti yathāsutassa yathāpariyattassa dhammassa atthaṃ upaparikkhati ‘‘iti sīlaṃ, iti samādhi, iti paññā, ime rūpārūpadhammā’’ti manasā anupekkhati.

Khantyā chandikato hotīti tesu manasā anupekkhitesu dhammesu diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantiyā nijjhānaṃ khamāpetvā rūpapariggahādimukhena vipassanābhinivese chandikato chandajāto hoti. Tathābhūto ca vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto ussahitvā tuleti taṃtaṃpaccayanāmarūpadassanavasena ussāhaṃ katvā tato paraṃ tilakkhaṇaṃ āropetvā tuleti ‘‘anicca’’ntipi, ‘‘dukkha’’ntipi, ‘‘anattā’’tipi taṃ nāmarūpaṃ tīreti vipassati. Samaye so padahati, ajjhattaṃ susamāhitoti so evaṃ passanto paggahetabbādisamaye cittassa paggaṇhanādinā padahati, padahanto ca ajjhattaṃ gocarajjhatte vipassanāsamādhinā maggasamādhinā ca suṭṭhu samāhito bhaveyya, asamādhānahetubhūte kilese pajaheyya. Svāyaṃ guṇo sabbopi yasmā bahussutaṃ dhammadharaṃ sappaññaṃ buddhasāvakaṃ payirupāsantassa hoti, tasmā asaṅkhataṃ dhammaṃ ārabbha dukkhādīsu pariññādivisiṭṭhakiccatāya dhammaviññāṇasaṅkhātaṃ dhammañāṇaṃ ākaṅkhanto tathāvidhaṃ vuttappakāraṃ kalyāṇamittaṃ bhajetha, seveyya payirupāseyyāti attho.

Evaṃ bahupakāratāya tassa pūjanīyakaṃ dassento ‘‘bahussuto’’ti gāthamāha. Tassattho – suttageyyādi bahu sutaṃ etassāti bahussuto. Tameva desanādhammaṃ suvaṇṇabhājane pakkhittasīhavasā viya avinassantaṃ dhāretīti dhammadharo. Tato eva mahesino bhagavato dhammakosaṃ dhammaratanaṃ ārakkhatīti kosārakkho. Yasmā sadevakassa lokassa samadassanena cakkhubhūto, tasmā cakkhu sabbassa lokassa pūjanīyo mānanīyoti, bahussutabhāvena bahujanassa pūjanīyabhāvadassanatthaṃ nigamanavasena punapi ‘‘bahussuto’’ti vuttaṃ.

Evarūpaṃ kalyāṇamittaṃ labhitvāpi kārakasseva aparihāni, na akārakassāti dassento ‘‘dhammārāmo’’ti gāthamāha. Tattha nivāsanaṭṭhena samathavipassanādhammo ārāmo, tasmiṃ eva dhamme rato abhiratoti dhammarato, tasseva dhammassa punappunaṃ vicintanena dhammaṃ anuvicintayaṃ dhammaṃ āvajjento manasi karotīti attho. Anussaranti tameva dhammaṃ anussaranto. Saddhammāti evarūpo bhikkhu sattatiṃsapabhedā bodhipakkhiyadhammā navavidhalokuttaradhammā ca na parihāyati, na kadāci tassa tato parihāni hotīti attho.

Athekadivasaṃ kāye avītarāgaṃ kusītaṃ hīnavīriyaṃ kosallāyā ti nāmaṃ bhikkhuṃ saṃvejento ‘‘kāyamaccheragaruno’’ti gāthamāha. Tattha kāyamaccheragarunoti ‘‘kāyadaḷhībahulassa kāye mamattassa ācariyupajjhāyānampi kāyena kattabbaṃ kiñci akatvā vicarantassa. Hiyyamāneti attano kāye jīvite ca khaṇe khaṇe parihiyyamāne. Anuṭṭhaheti sīlādīnaṃ paripūraṇavasena uṭṭhānavīriyaṃ na kareyya. Sarīrasukhagiddhassāti attano sarīrassa sukhāpaneneva gedhaṃ āpannassa. Kuto samaṇaphāsutāti evarūpassa puggalassa sāmaññavasena kuto sukhavihāro, phāsuvihāro na tassa vijjatīti attho.

Na pakkhantītiādikā āyasmato sāriputtassa dhammasenāpatino parinibbutabhāvaṃ sutvā therena bhāsitā. Tattha na pakkhanti disā sabbāti puratthimādibhedā sabbā disā na pakkhayanti, disāmūḷhoti attho. Dhammā na paṭibhanti manti pubbe suṭṭhu paguṇāpi pariyattidhammā idāni sakkaccaṃ samannāhariyamānāpi mayhaṃ na upaṭṭhahanti. Gate kalyāṇamittamhīti sadevakassa lokassa kalyāṇamittabhūte dhammasenāpatimhi anupādisesanibbānaṃ gate. Andhakāraṃva khāyatīti sabbopāyaṃ loko andhakāro viya upaṭṭhāti.

Abbhatītasahāyassāti apagatasahāyassa, kalyāṇamittarahitassāti attho. Atītagatasatthunoti āyasmato atīto hutvā nibbānagatasatthukassa, satthari parinibbuteti attho. Yathā kāyagatā satīti kāyagatāsatibhāvanā takkarassa yathā ekantahitāvahā, evaṃ etādisaṃ anāthassa puggalassa ekantahitāvahaṃ aññaṃ mittaṃ nāma natthi, sanāthassa aññāpi bhāvanā hitāvahā evāti adhippāyo.

Purāṇāti porāṇā, sāriputtādike kalyāṇamitte sandhāya vadati. Navehīti navakehi. Na sameti meti mayhaṃ cittaṃ na samāgacchati, na te mama cittaṃ ārādhentīti attho. Svajja ekova jhāyāmīti sohaṃ ajja vuḍḍhatarehi virahito ekova hutvā jhāyāmi jhānapasuto homi. Vassupetoti vassakāle kulāvakaṃ upeto pakkhī viya. ‘‘Vāsupeto’’tipi pāḷi, vāsaṃ upagatoti attho.

Dassanāya abhikkanteti gāthā satthārā bhāsitā. Tassattho – mama dassanāya abhikkante nānāvidhavidesapavāsikabahujane, ānanda, mama upasaṅkamanaṃ mā vāresi. Kasmā? Te sotāro dhammassa, mamaṃ passantu, ayameva dassanāya samayoti.