16. Vīsatinipāto

1. Adhimuttattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Vīsatinipāte yaññatthaṃ vātiādikā āyasmato aparassa adhimuttattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave puññāni upacinanto atthadassissa bhagavato kāle vibhavasampanne kule nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patto satthari parinibbute bhikkhusaṅghaṃ upaṭṭhahanto mahādānāni pavattesi. So tena puññakammena devamanussesu saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde āyasmato saṃkiccattherassa bhaginiyā kucchimhi nibbatti, adhimuttotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So vayappatto mātulattherassa santike pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto sāmaṇerabhūmiyaṃyeva ṭhito arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.4.84-88) –

‘‘Nibbute lokanāthamhi, atthadassīnaruttame;

Upaṭṭhahiṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ, vippasannena cetasā.

‘‘Nimantetvā bhikkhusaṅghaṃ, ujubhūtaṃ samāhitaṃ;

Ucchunā maṇḍapaṃ katvā, bhojesiṃ saṅghamuttamaṃ.

‘‘Yaṃ yaṃ yonupapajjāmi, devattaṃ athamānusaṃ;

Sabbe satte abhibhomi, puññakammassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Aṭṭhārase kappasate, yaṃ dānamadadiṃ tadā;

Duggatiṃ nābhijānāmi, ucchudānassidaṃ phalaṃ.

‘‘Paṭisambhidā catasso…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.

Arahattaṃ pana patvā samāpattisukhena vītināmento upasampajjitukāmo ‘‘mātaraṃ āpucchissāmī’’ti mātu santikaṃ gacchanto antarāmagge devatāya balikammakaraṇatthaṃ maṃsapariyesanaṃ carantehi pañcasatehi corehi samāgacchi. Corā ca taṃ aggahesuṃ ‘‘devatāya bali bhavissatī’’ti. So corehi gahitopi abhīto acchambhī vippasannamukhova aṭṭhāsi. Taṃ disvā coragāmaṇiacchariyabbhutacittajāto pasaṃsanto –

705. ‘‘Yaññatthaṃ vā dhanatthaṃ vā, ye hanāma mayaṃ pure;

Avasesaṃ bhayaṃ hoti, vedhanti vilapanti ca.

706. ‘‘Tassa te natthi bhītattaṃ, bhiyyo vaṇṇo pasīdati;

Kasmā na paridevesi, evarūpe mahabbhaye’’ti. – dve gāthā abhāsi;

Tattha yaññatthanti yajanatthaṃ devatānaṃ balikammakaraṇatthaṃ vā. Vā-saddo vikappanattho. Dhanatthanti sāpateyyaharaṇatthaṃ. Ye hanāma mayaṃ pureti ye satte mayaṃ pubbe hanimha. Atītatthe hi idaṃ vattamānavacanaṃ. Avaseti avase aserike katvā. Tanti tesaṃ. ‘‘Avasesanti’’pi paṭhanti. Amhehi gahitesu taṃ ekaṃ ṭhapetvā avasesānaṃ; ayameva vā pāṭho. Bhayaṃ hotīti maraṇabhayaṃ hoti. Yena te vedhanti vilapanti,cittutrāsena vedhanti, ‘‘sāmi, tumhākaṃ idañcidañca dassāma, dāsā bhavissāmā’’tiādikaṃ vadantā vilapanti.

Tassa teti yo tvaṃ amhehi devatāya balikammatthaṃ jīvitā voropetukāmehi ukkhittāsikehi santajjito, tassa te. Bhītattanti bhītabhāvo, bhayanti attho. Bhiyyo vaṇṇo pasīdatīti pakativaṇṇato uparipi te mukhavaṇṇo vippasīdati. Therassa kira tadā ‘‘sace ime māressanti, idānevāhaṃ anupādāya parinibbāyissāmi, dukkhabhāro vigacchissatī’’ti uḷāraṃ pītisomanassaṃ uppajji. Evarūpe mahabbhayeti edise mahati maraṇabhaye upaṭṭhite. Hetuatthe vā etaṃ bhummavacanaṃ.

Idāni thero coragāmaṇissa paṭivacanadānamukhena dhammaṃ desento –

707. ‘‘Natthi cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ, anapekkhassa gāmaṇi;

Atikkantā bhayā sabbe, khīṇasaṃyojanassa ve.

708. ‘‘Khīṇāya bhavanettiyā, diṭṭhe dhamme yathātathe;

Na bhayaṃ maraṇe hoti, bhāranikkhepane yathā.

709. ‘‘Suciṇṇaṃ brahmacariyaṃ me, maggo cāpi subhāvito;

Maraṇe me bhayaṃ natthi, rogānamiva saṅkhaye.

710. ‘‘Suciṇṇaṃ brahmacariyaṃ me, maggo cāpi subhāvito;

Nirassādā bhavā diṭṭhā, visaṃ pitvāva chaḍḍitaṃ.

711. ‘‘Pāragū anupādāno, katakicco anāsavo;

Tuṭṭho āyukkhayā hoti, mutto āghātanā yathā.

712. ‘‘Uttamaṃ dhammataṃ patto, sabbaloke anatthiko;

Ādittāva gharā mutto, maraṇasmiṃ na socati.

713. ‘‘Yadatthi saṅgataṃ kiñci, bhavo vā yattha labbhati;

Sabbaṃ anissaraṃ etaṃ, iti vuttaṃ mahesinā.

714. ‘‘Yo taṃ tathā pajānāti, yathā buddhena desitaṃ;

Na gaṇhāti bhavaṃ kiñci, sutattaṃva ayoguḷaṃ.

715. ‘‘Na me hoti ‘ahosi’nti, ‘bhavissa’nti na hoti me;

Saṅkhārā vigamissanti, tattha kā paridevanā.

716. ‘‘Suddhaṃ dhammasamuppādaṃ, suddhaṃ saṅkhārasantatiṃ;

Passantassa yathābhūtaṃ, na bhayaṃ hoti gāmaṇi.

717. ‘‘Tiṇakaṭṭhasamaṃ lokaṃ, yadā paññāya passati;

Mamattaṃ so asaṃvindaṃ, ‘natthi me’ti na socati.

718. ‘‘Ukkaṇṭhāmi sarīrena, bhavenamhi anatthiko;

Soyaṃ bhijjissati kāyo, añño ca na bhavissati.

719. ‘‘Yaṃ vo kiccaṃ sarīrena, taṃ karotha yadicchatha;

Na me tappaccayā tattha, doso pemañca hehitī’’ti. –

Imā gāthā abhāsi.

720. ‘‘Tassa taṃ vacanaṃ sutvā, abbhutaṃ lomahaṃsanaṃ;

Satthāni nikkhipitvāna, māṇavā etadabravu’’nti. –

Ayaṃ saṅgītikārehi vuttagāthā. Ito aparā tisso corānaṃ, therassa ca vacanapaṭivacanagāthā –

721. ‘‘Kiṃ bhadante karitvāna, ko vā ācariyo tava;

Kassa sāsanamāgamma, labbhate taṃ asokatā.

722. ‘‘Sabbaññū sabbadassāvī, jino ācariyo mama;

Mahākāruṇiko satthā, sabbalokatikicchako.

723. ‘‘Tenāyaṃ desito dhammo, khayagāmī anuttaro;

Tassa sāsanamāgamma, labbhate taṃ asokatā.

724. ‘‘Sutvāna corā isino subhāsitaṃ, nikkhippa satthāni ca āvudhāni ca;

Tamhā ca kammā viramiṃsu eke, eke ca pabbajjamarocayiṃsu.

725. ‘‘Te pabbajitvā sugatassa sāsane, bhāvetva bojjhaṅgabalāni paṇḍitā;

Udaggacittā sumanā katindriyā, phusiṃsu nibbānapadaṃ asaṅkhata’’nti. –

Imāpi saṅgītikārehi vuttagāthā.

Tattha natthi cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ, anapekkhassa, gāmaṇīti gāmaṇi, apekkhāya, taṇhāya, abhāvena anapekkhassa mādisassa, lohitasabhāvo pubbo viya, cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ natthi, domanassābhāvāpadesena bhayābhāvaṃ vadati. Tenāha ‘‘atikkantā bhayā sabbe’’ti. Atikkantā bhayā sabbeti khīṇasaṃyojanassa arahato pañcavīsati mahābhayā, aññe ca sabbepi bhayā ekaṃsena atikkantā atītā, apagatāti attho.

Diṭṭhe dhamme yathātatheti catusaccadhamme pariññāpahānasacchikiriyabhāvanāvasena maggapaññāya yathābhūtaṃ diṭṭhe. Maraṇeti maraṇahetu. Bhāranikkhepane yathāti yathā koci puriso sīse ṭhitena mahatā garubhārena saṃsīdanto tassa nikkhepane, apanayane na bhāyati, evaṃ sampadamidanti attho. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –

‘‘Bhārā have pañcakkhandhā, bhārahāro ca puggalo;

Bhārādānaṃ dukhaṃ loke, bhāranikkhepanaṃ sukha’’nti. (saṃ. ni. 3.22);

Suciṇṇanti suṭṭhu caritaṃ. Brahmacariyanti, sikkhattayasaṅgahaṃ sāsanabrahmacariyaṃ. Tato eva maggo cāpi subhāvito aṭṭhaṅgiko ariyamaggopi sammadeva bhāvito. Rogānamiva saṅkhayeti yathā bahūhi rogehi abhibhūtassa āturassa rogānaṃ saṅkhaye pītisomanassameva hoti, evaṃ khandharogasaṅkhaye maraṇe mādisassa bhayaṃ natthi.

Nirassādā bhavā diṭṭhāti tīhi dukkhatāhi abhibhūtā, ekādasahi aggīhi ādittā, tayo bhavā nirassādā, assādarahitā, mayā diṭṭhā. Visaṃ pitvāva chaḍḍitanti pamādavasena visaṃ pivitvā tādisena payogena chaḍḍitaṃ viya maraṇe me bhayaṃ natthīti attho.

Mutto āghātanā yathāti yathā corehi māraṇatthaṃ āghātanaṃ nīto kenaci upāyena tato mutto haṭṭhatuṭṭho hoti, evaṃ saṃsārapāraṃ, nibbānaṃ, gatattā pāragū, catūhipi upādānehi anupādāno, pariññādīnaṃ soḷasannaṃ kiccānaṃ katattā katakicco kāmāsavādīhi anāsavo, āyukkhayā āyukkhayahetu tuṭṭho somanassiko hoti.

Uttamanti seṭṭhaṃ. Dhammatanti, dhammasabhāvaṃ. Arahatte siddhe sijjhanahetu iṭṭhādīsu tādibhāvaṃ. Sabbaloketi sabbalokasmimpi, dīghāyukasukhabahulatādivasena saṃyuttepi loke. Anatthikoti, anapekkho. Ādittāva gharā muttoti yathā koci puriso samantato ādittato pajjalitato gehato nissaṭo, tato nissaraṇanimittaṃ na socati, evaṃ khīṇāsavo maraṇanimittaṃ na socati.

Yadatthi saṅgataṃ kiñcīti yaṃkiñci imasmiṃ loke atthi, vijjati, upalabbhati saṅgataṃ, sattehi saṅkhārehi vā samāgamo, samodhānaṃ. ‘‘Saṅkhata’’ntipi pāṭho, tassa yaṃkiñci paccayehi samacca sambhuyya kataṃ, paṭiccasamuppannanti attho. Bhavo vā yattha labbhatīti yasmiṃ sattanikāye yo upapattibhavo labbhati. Sabbaṃ anissaraṃ etanti sabbametaṃ issararahitaṃ, na ettha kenaci ‘‘evaṃ hotū’’ti issariyaṃ vattetuṃ sakkā. Iti vuttaṃ mahesināti ‘‘sabbe dhammā anattā’’ti evaṃ vuttaṃ mahesinā sammāsambuddhena. Tasmā ‘‘anissaraṃ eta’’nti pajānanto maraṇasmiṃ na socatīti yojanā.

Na gaṇhāti bhavaṃ kiñcīti yo ariyasāvako ‘‘sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā’’tiādinā (dha. pa. 277) yathā buddhena bhagavatā desitaṃ, tathā taṃ bhavattayaṃ vipassanāpaññāsahitāya maggapaññāya pajānāti. So yathā koci puriso sukhakāmo divasaṃ santattaṃ ayoguḷaṃ hatthena na gaṇhāti, evaṃ kiñci khuddakaṃ vā mahantaṃ vā bhavaṃ na gaṇhāti, na tattha taṇhaṃ karotīti attho.

Na me hoti ‘‘ahosi’’nti ‘‘atītamaddhānaṃ ahaṃ īdiso ahosi’’nti attadiṭṭhivasena na me cittappavatti atthi diṭṭhiyā sammadeva ugghāṭitattā, dhammasabhāvassa ca sudiṭṭhattā. ‘‘Bhavissa’’nti na hoti meti tato eva ‘‘anāgatamaddhānaṃ ahaṃ ediso kathaṃ nu kho bhavissaṃ bhaveyya’’nti evampi me na hoti. Saṅkhārā vigamissantīti evaṃ pana hoti ‘‘yathāpaccayaṃ pavattamānā saṅkhārāva, na ettha koci attā vā attaniyaṃ vā, te ca kho vigamissanti, vinassissanti, khaṇe khaṇe bhijjissantī’’ti. Tattha kā paridevanāti evaṃ passantassa mādisassa tattha saṅkhāragate kā nāma paridevanā.

Suddhanti kevalaṃ, attasārena asammissaṃ. Dhammasamuppādanti paccayapaccayuppannadhammasamuppattiṃ avijjādipaccayehi saṅkhārādidhammamattappavattiṃ. Saṅkhārasantatinti kilesakammavipākappabhedasaṅkhārapabandhaṃ. Passantassa yathābhūtanti saha vipassanāya maggapaññāya yāthāvato jānantassa.

Tiṇakaṭṭhasamaṃ lokanti yathā araññe apariggahe tiṇakaṭṭhe kenaci gayhamāne aparassa ‘‘mayhaṃ santakaṃ ayaṃ gaṇhatī’’ti na hoti, evaṃ so asāmikatāya tiṇakaṭṭhasamaṃ saṅkhāralokaṃ yadā paññāya passati, so tattha mamattaṃ asaṃvindaṃ asaṃvindanto alabhanto akaronto. Natthi meti ‘‘ahu vata sohaṃ, taṃ me natthī’’ti na socati.

Ukkaṇṭhāmi sarīrenāti asārakena abhinudena dukkhena akataññunā asuciduggandhajegucchapaṭikkūlasabhāvena iminā kāyena ukkaṇṭhāmi imaṃ kāyaṃ nibbindanto evaṃ tiṭṭhāmi. Bhavenamhi anatthikoti sabbenapi bhavena anatthiko amhi, na kiñci bhavaṃ patthemi. Soyaṃ bhijjissati kāyoti ayaṃ mama kāyo idāni tumhākaṃ payogena aññathā vā aññattha bhijjissati. Añño ca na bhavissatīti añño kāyo mayhaṃ āyatiṃ na bhavissati, punabbhavābhāvato.

Yaṃ vo kiccaṃ sarīrenāti yaṃ tumhākaṃ iminā sarīrena payojanaṃ, taṃ karotha yadicchatha, icchatha ce. Na me tappaccayāti, taṃ nimittaṃ imassa sarīrassa tumhehi yathicchitakiccassa karaṇahetu. Tatthāti tesu karontesu ca akarontesu ca. Doso pemañca hehitīti yathākkamaṃ paṭigho anunayo na bhavissati, attano bhave apekkhāya sabbaso pahīnattāti adhippāyo. Aññapaccayā aññattha ca paṭighānunayesu asantesupi tappaccayā, ‘‘tatthā’’ti vacanaṃ yathādhigatavasena vuttaṃ.

Tassāti adhimuttattherassa. Taṃ vacananti ‘‘natthi cetasikaṃ dukkha’’ntiādikaṃ maraṇe bhayābhāvādidīpakaṃ, tato eva abbhutaṃ lomahaṃsanaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā. Māṇavāti corā. Corā hi ‘‘māṇavā’’ti vuccanti ‘‘māṇavehi saha gacchanti katakammehi akatakammehipī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 2.149) viya.

Kiṃ bhadante karitvānāti, bhante, kiṃ nāma tapokammaṃ katvā. Ko vā tava ācariyo kassa sāsanaṃ, ovādaṃ nissāya ayaṃ asokatā maraṇakāle sokābhāvo labbhatīti etaṃ atthaṃ abravuṃ, pucchāvasena kathesuṃ, bhāsiṃsu.

Taṃ sutvā thero tesaṃ paṭivacanaṃ dento ‘‘sabbaññū’’tiādimāha. Tattha sabbaññūti paropadesena vinā sabbapakārena sabbadhammāvabodhanasamatthassa ākaṅkhāpaṭibaddhavuttino anāvaraṇañāṇassa adhigamena atītādibhedaṃ sabbaṃ jānātīti, sabbaññū. Teneva samantacakkhunā sabbassa dassanato sabbadassāvī. Yamhi anāvaraṇañāṇaṃ, tadeva sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ, nattheva asādhāraṇañāṇapāḷiyā virodho visayuppattimukhena aññehi asādhāraṇabhāvadassanatthaṃ ekasseva ñāṇassa dvidhā vuttattā. Yaṃ panettha vattabbaṃ, taṃ itivuttakavaṇṇanāyaṃ (itivu. aṭṭha. 38) vitthārato vuttamevāti tattha vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Pañcannampi mārānaṃ vijayato jino, hīnādivibhāgabhinne sabbasmiṃ sattanikāye adhimuttavuttitāya mahatiyā karuṇāya samannāgatattā mahākāruṇiko, diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikaparamatthehi yathārahaṃ veneyyānaṃ anusāsanato satthā, tato eva sabbalokassa kilesarogatikicchanato sabbalokatikicchako, sammāsambuddho ācariyo mamāti yojanā. Khayagāmīti nibbānagāmī.

Evaṃ therena satthu sāsanassa ca guṇe pakāsite paṭiladdhasaddhā ekacce corā pabbajiṃsu, ekacce upāsakattaṃ pavedesuṃ. Tamatthaṃ dīpento dhammasaṅgāhakā ‘‘sutvāna corā’’tiādinā dve gāthā abhāsiṃsu. Tattha isinoti adhisīlasikkhādīnaṃ esanaṭṭhena isino, adhimuttattherassa. Nikkhippāti pahāya. Satthāni ca āvudhāni cāti asiādisatthāni ceva dhanukalāpādiāvudhāni ca. Tamhā ca kammāti tato corakammato.

Te pabbajitvā sugatassa sāsaneti te corā sobhanagamanatādīhi sugatassa bhagavato sāsane pabbajjaṃ upagantvā. Bhāvanāvisesādhigatāya odagyalakkhaṇāya pītiyā samannāgamena udaggacittā. Sumanāti somanassappattā. Katindriyāti bhāvitindriyā. Phusiṃsūti aggamaggādhigamena asaṅkhataṃ nibbānaṃ adhigacchiṃsu. Adhimutto kira core nibbisevane katvā, te tattheva ṭhapetvā, mātu santikaṃ gantvā, mātaraṃ āpucchitvā, paccāgantvā tehi saddhiṃ upajjhāyassa santikaṃ gantvā, pabbājetvā upasampadaṃ akāsi. Atha tesaṃ kammaṭṭhānaṃ ācikkhi, te nacirasseva arahatte patiṭṭhahiṃsu. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘pabbajitvā…pe… asaṅkhata’’nti.

Adhimuttattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

2. Pārāpariyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Samaṇassa ahu cintātiādikā āyasmato pārāpariyattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā sugatīsuyeva saṃsaranto imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ aññatarassa brāhmaṇamahāsālassa putto hutvā nibbatti. Tassa vayappattassa gottavasena pārāpariyotveva samaññā ahosi. So tayo vede uggahetvā brāhmaṇasippesu nipphattiṃ gato. Ekadivasaṃ satthu dhammadesanākāle jetavanavihāraṃ gantvā parisapariyante nisīdi. Satthā tassa ajjhāsayaṃ oloketvā indriyabhāvanāsuttaṃ (ma. ni. 3.453) desesi. So taṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbaji. Taṃ suttaṃ uggahetvā tadatthamanucintesi. Yathā pana anucintesi, svāyamattho gāthāsu eva āvi bhavissati. So tathā anuvicintento āyatanamukhena vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā nacirasseva arahattaṃ patto. Aparabhāge attanā cintitākāraṃ pakāsento –

726. ‘‘Samaṇassa ahu cintā, pārāpariyassa bhikkhuno;

Ekakassa nisinnassa, pavivittassa jhāyino.

727. ‘‘Kimānupubbaṃ puriso, kiṃ vataṃ kiṃ samācāraṃ;

Attano kiccakārīssa, na ca kañci viheṭhaye.

728. ‘‘Indriyāni manussānaṃ, hitāya ahitāya ca;

Arakkhitāni ahitāya, rakkhitāni hitāya ca.

729. ‘‘Indriyāneva sārakkhaṃ, indriyāni ca gopayaṃ;

Attano kiccakārīssa, na ca kañci viheṭhaye.

730. ‘‘Cakkhundriyaṃ ce rūpesu, gacchantaṃ anivārayaṃ;

Anādīnavadassāvī, so dukkhā na hi muccati.

731. ‘‘Sotindriyaṃ ce saddesu, gacchantaṃ anivārayaṃ;

Anādīnavadassāvī, so dukkhā na hi muccati.

732. ‘‘Anissaraṇadassāvī, gandhe ce paṭisevati;

Na so muccati dukkhamhā, gandhesu adhimucchito.

733. ‘‘Ambilaṃ madhuraggañca, tittakaggamanussaraṃ;

Rasataṇhāya gadhito, hadayaṃ nāvabujjhati.

734. ‘‘Subhānyappaṭikūlāni, phoṭṭhabbāni anussaraṃ;

Ratto rāgādhikaraṇaṃ, vividhaṃ vindate dukhaṃ.

735. ‘‘Manaṃ cetehi dhammehi, yo na sakkoti rakkhituṃ;

Tato naṃ dukkhamanveti, sabbehetehi pañcahi.

736. ‘‘Pubbalohitasampuṇṇaṃ, bahussa kuṇapassa ca;

Naravīrakataṃ vagguṃ, samuggamiva cittitaṃ.

737. ‘‘Kaṭukaṃ madhurassādaṃ, piyanibandhanaṃ dukhaṃ;

Khuraṃva madhunā littaṃ, ullihaṃ nāvabujjhati.

738. ‘‘Itthirūpe itthisare, phoṭṭhabbepi ca itthiyā;

Itthigandhesu sāratto, vividhaṃ vindate dukhaṃ.

739. ‘‘Itthisotāni sabbāni, sandanti pañca pañcasu;

Tesamāvaraṇaṃ kātuṃ, yo sakkoti vīriyavā.

740. ‘‘So atthavā so dhammaṭṭho, so dakkho so vicakkhaṇo;

Kareyya ramamānopi, kiccaṃ dhammatthasaṃhitaṃ.

741. ‘‘Atho sīdati saññuttaṃ, vajje kiccaṃ niratthakaṃ;

Na taṃ kiccanti maññitvā, appamatto vicakkhaṇo.

742. ‘‘Yañca atthena saññuttaṃ, yā ca dhammagatā rati;

Taṃ samādāya vattetha, sā hi ve uttamā rati.

743. ‘‘Uccāvacehupāyehi, paresamabhijigīsati;

Hantvā vadhitvā atha socayitvā, ālopati sāhasā yo paresaṃ.

744. ‘‘Tacchanto āṇiyā āṇiṃ, nihanti balavā yathā;

Indriyānindriyeheva, nihanti kusalo tathā.

745. ‘‘Saddhaṃ vīriyaṃ samādhiñca, satipaññañca bhāvayaṃ;

Pañca pañcahi hantvāna, anīgho yāti brāhmaṇo.

746. ‘‘So atthavā so dhammaṭṭho, katvā vākyānusāsaniṃ;

Sabbena sabbaṃ buddhassa, so naro sukhamedhatī’’ti. – imā gāthā abhāsi;

Tattha samaṇassāti pabbajitassa. Ahūti ahosi. Cintāti dhammacintā dhammavicāraṇā. Pārāpariyassāti pārāparagottassa. ‘‘Pārācariyassā’’tipi paṭhanti. Bhikkhunoti saṃsāre bhayaṃ ikkhanasīlassa. Ekakassāti asahāyassa, etena kāyavivekaṃ dasseti. Pavivittassāti pavivekahetunā kilesānaṃ vikkhambhanena vivekaṃ āraddhassa, etena cittavivekaṃ dasseti. Tenāha ‘‘jhāyino’’ti. Jhāyinoti jhāyanasīlassa, yonisomanasikāresu yuttassāti attho. Sabbametaṃ thero attānaṃ paraṃ viya katvā vadati.

‘‘Kimānupubba’’ntiādinā taṃ cintanaṃ dasseti. Tattha paṭhamagāthāyaṃ tāva kimānupubbanti anupubbaṃ anukkamo, anupubbameva vakkhamānesu vatasamācāresu ko anukkamo, kena anukkamena te paṭipajjitabbāti attho. Puriso kiṃ vataṃ kiṃ samācāranti atthakāmo puriso samādiyitabbaṭṭhena ‘‘vata’’nti laddhanāmaṃ, kīdisaṃ sīlaṃ samācāraṃ, samācaranto, attano kiccakārī kattabbakārī assa, kañci sattaṃ na ca viheṭhaye, na bādheyyāti attho. Attano kiccaṃ nāma samaṇadhammo, saṅkhepato sīlasamādhipaññā, taṃ sampādentassa paraviheṭhanāya lesopi natthi tāya sati samaṇabhāvasseva abhāvato.

Yathāha bhagavā – ‘‘na hi pabbajito parūpaghātī, na samaṇo hoti paraṃ viheṭhayanto’’ti (dha. pa. 184). Ettha ca vataggahaṇena vārittasīlaṃ gahitaṃ, samācāraggahaṇena samācaritabbato cārittasīlena saddhiṃ jhānavipassanādi, tasmā vārittasīlaṃ padhānaṃ. Tatthāpi ca yasmā indriyasaṃvare siddhe sabbaṃ sīlaṃ surakkhitaṃ, sugopitameva hoti, tasmā indriyasaṃvarasīlaṃ tāva dassetukāmo indriyānaṃ arakkhaṇe rakkhaṇe ca ādīnavānisaṃse vibhāvento ‘‘indriyāni manussāna’’ntiādimāha. Tattha indriyānīti rakkhitabbadhammanidassanaṃ, tasmā cakkhādīni cha indriyānīti vuttaṃ hoti. Manussānanti rakkhaṇayogyapuggalanidassanaṃ. Hitāyāti atthāya. Ahitāyāti anatthāya. Hontīti vacanaseso. Kathaṃ pana tāniyeva hitāya ca ahitāya hontīti āha ‘‘rakkhitānī’’tiādi. Tassattho – yassa cakkhādīni indriyāni satikavāṭena apihitāni, tassa rūpādīsu abhijjhādipāpadhammapavattiyā dvārabhāvato anatthāya pihitāni, tadabhāvato atthāya saṃvattantīti.

Indriyāneva sārakkhanti yasmā indriyasaṃvaro paripuṇṇo sīlasampadaṃ paripūreti, sīlasampadā paripuṇṇā samādhisampadaṃ paripūreti, samādhisampadā paripuṇṇā paññāsampadaṃ paripūreti, tasmā indriyārakkhā attahitapaṭipattiyāva mūlanti dassento āha ‘‘indriyāneva sārakkha’’nti. Satipubbaṅgamena ārakkhena saṃrakkhanto yonisomanasikārena indriyāni eva tāva sammadeva rakkhanto, yathā akusalacorā tehi tehi dvārehi pavisitvā cittasantāne kusalaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ na vilumpanti, tathā tāni pidahantoti attho. Sārakkhanti ca saṃ-saddassa sābhāvaṃ katvā vuttaṃ, ‘‘sārāgo’’tiādīsu viya. ‘‘Saṃrakkha’’nti ca pāṭho. Indriyāni ca gopayanti tasseva pariyāyavacanaṃ, pariyāyavacane payojanaṃ nettiaṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttanayeneva veditabbaṃ. ‘‘Attano kiccakārīssā’’ti iminā attahitapaṭipattiṃ dasseti, ‘‘na ca kañci viheṭhaye’’ti iminā parahitapaṭipattiṃ, ubhayenāpi vā attahitapaṭipattimeva dasseti parāviheṭhanassāpi attahitapaṭipattibhāvato. Atha vā padadvayenapi attahitapaṭipattiṃ dasseti puthujjanassa sekkhassa ca parahitapaṭipattiyāpi attahitapaṭipattibhāvato.

Evaṃ rakkhitāni indriyāni hitāya hontīti vodānapakkhaṃ saṅkhepeneva dassetvā, arakkhitāni ahitāya hontīti saṃkilesapakkhaṃ pana vibhajitvā dassento ‘‘cakkhundriyaṃ ce’’tiādimāha. Tattha cakkhundriyaṃ ce rūpesu, gacchantaṃ anivārayaṃ. Anādīnavadassāvīti yo nīlapītādibhedesu iṭṭhāniṭṭhesu rūpāyatanesu gacchantaṃ yathāruci pavattantaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ anivārayaṃ, anivārayanto appaṭibāhanto tathāpavattiyaṃ ādīnavadassāvī na hoti ce, diṭṭhadhammikaṃ samparāyikañca ādīnavaṃ dosaṃ na passati ce. ‘‘Gacchantaṃ nivāraye anissaraṇadassāvī’’ti ca pāṭho. Tattha yo ‘‘diṭṭhe diṭṭhamattaṃ bhavissatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 4.95) vuttavidhinā diṭṭhamatteyeva ṭhatvā satisampajaññavasena rūpāyatane pavattamāno tattha nissaraṇadassāvī nāma. Vuttavipariyāyena anissaraṇadassāvī daṭṭhabbo. So dukkhā na hi muccatīti so evarūpo puggalo vaṭṭadukkhato na muccateva. Ettha ca cakkhundriyassa anivāraṇaṃ nāma yathā tena dvārena abhijjhādayo pāpadhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tathā pavattanaṃ, taṃ pana atthato satisampajaññassa anuṭṭhāpanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Sesindriyesupi eseva nayo. Adhimucchitoti adhimuttataṇhāya mucchaṃ āpanno. Ambilanti ambilarasaṃ. Madhuragganti madhurarasakoṭṭhāsaṃ. Tathā tittakaggaṃ. Anussaranti assādavasena taṃ taṃ rasaṃ anuvicintento. Ganthitoti rasataṇhāya tasmiṃ tasmiṃ rase ganthito bandho. ‘‘Gadhito’’ti ca paṭhanti, gedhaṃ āpannoti attho. Hadayaṃ nāvabujjhatīti ‘‘dukkhassantaṃ karissāmī’’ti pabbajjādikkhaṇe uppannaṃ cittaṃ na jānāti na sallakkheti, sāsanassa hadayaṃ abbhantaraṃ anavajjadhammānaṃ sammaddanarasataṇhāya gadhito nāvabujjhati na jānāti, na paṭipajjatīti attho.

Subhānīti sundarāni. Appaṭikūlānīti manoramāni, iṭṭhāni. Phoṭṭhabbānīti upādiṇṇānupādiṇṇappabhede phasse. Rattoti rajjanasabhāvena rāgena ratto. Rāgādhikaraṇanti rāgahetu. Vividhaṃ vindate dukhanti rāgapariḷāhādivasena diṭṭhadhammikañca nirayasantāpādivasena abhisamparāyañca nānappakāraṃ dukkhaṃ paṭilabhati.

Manaṃ cetehīti manañca etehi rūpārammaṇādīhi dhammārammaṇappabhedehi ca. Nanti puggalaṃ. Sabbehīti sabbehi pañcahipi. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yo puggalo manaṃ, manodvāraṃ, etehi yathāvuttehi rūpādīhi pañcahi dhammehi dhammārammaṇappabhedato ca. Tattha pavattanakapāpakammanivāraṇena rakkhituṃ, gopituṃ na sakkoti, tato tassa arakkhaṇato naṃ puggalaṃ taṃnimittaṃ dukkhaṃ anveti, anugacchati, anugacchantañca etehi pañcahipi rūpārammaṇādīhi chaṭṭhārammaṇena saddhiṃ sabbehipi ārammaṇappaccayabhūtehi anugacchatīti. Ettha cakkhundriyaṃ, sotindriyañca asampattaggāhibhāvato ‘‘gacchantaṃ anivāraya’’nti vuttaṃ itaraṃ sampattaggāhīti ‘‘gandhe ce paṭisevatī’’tiādinā vuttaṃ. Tatthāpi ca rasataṇhā ca phoṭṭhabbataṇhā ca sattānaṃ visesato balavatīti ‘‘rasataṇhāya gadhito, phoṭṭhabbāni anussarantoti’’ vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Evaṃ aguttadvārassa puggalassa chahi dvārehi chasupi ārammaṇesu asaṃvaranimittaṃ uppajjanakadukkhaṃ dassetvā svāyamasaṃvaro yasmā sarīrasabhāvānavabodhena hoti, tasmā sarīrasabhāvaṃ vicinanto ‘‘pubbalohitasampuṇṇa’’ntiādinā gāthādvayamāha. Tassattho – sarīraṃ nāmetaṃ pubbena lohitena ca sampuṇṇaṃ bharitaṃ aññena ca pittasemhādinā bahunā kuṇapena, tayidaṃ naravīrena naresu chekena sippācariyena kataṃ vaggu maṭṭhaṃ lākhāparikammādinā cittitaṃ, anto pana gūthādiasucibharitaṃ samuggaṃ viya chavimattamanoharaṃ bālajanasammohaṃ dukkhasabhāvatāya nirayādidukkhatāpanato ca kaṭukaṃ, parikappasambhavena amūlakena assādamattena madhuratāya madhurassādaṃ, tato eva piyabhāvanibandhanena piyanibandhanaṃ, dussahatāya appatītatāya ca dukhaṃ, īdise sarīre assādalobhena mahādukkhaṃ paccanubhuyyamānaṃ anavabujjhanto loko madhuragiddho khuradhārālehakapuriso viya daṭṭhabboti.

Idāni ete cakkhādīnaṃ gocarabhūtā rūpādayo vuttā, te visesato purisassa itthipaṭibaddhā kamanīyāti tattha saṃvaro kātabboti dassento ‘‘itthirūpe’’tiādimāha. Tattha itthirūpeti itthiyā catusamuṭṭhānikarūpāyatanasaṅkhāte vaṇṇe. Api ca yo koci itthiyā nivatthassa alaṅkārassa vā gandhavaṇṇakādīnaṃ vā piḷandhanamālānaṃ vā kāyapaṭibaddho vaṇṇo purisassa cakkhuviññāṇassa ārammaṇabhāvāya upakappati, sabbametaṃ ‘‘itthirūpa’’ntveva veditabbaṃ. Itthisareti itthiyā gītalapitahasitaruditasadde. Api ca itthiyā nivatthavatthassapi alaṅkataalaṅkārassapi itthipayoganipphāditā veṇuvīṇāsaṅkhapaṇavādīnampi saddā idha itthisaraggahaṇena gahitāti veditabbā. Sabbopeso purisassa cittaṃ ākaḍḍhatīti. ‘‘Itthirase’’ti pana pāḷiyā catusamuṭṭhānikarasāyatanavasena vuttaṃ. Itthiyā kiṃkārapaṭissāvitādivasena assavaraso ceva paribhogaraso ca itthirasoti eke. Yo pana itthiyā oṭṭhamaṃsasammakkhitakheḷādiraso, yo ca tāya purisassa dinnayāgubhattādīnaṃ raso, sabbopeso ‘‘itthiraso’’tveva veditabbo. Phoṭṭhabbepi ca itthiyā kāyasamphasso, itthisarīrārūḷhānaṃ vatthālaṅkāramālādīnaṃ phasso ‘‘itthiphoṭṭhabbo’’tveva veditabbo. Ettha ca yesaṃ itthirūpe itthisareti pāḷi, tesaṃ api-saddena itthirasasaṅgaho daṭṭhabbo. Itthigandhesūti itthiyā catusamuṭṭhānikagandhāyatanesu. Itthiyā sarīragandho nāma duggandho. Ekaccā hi itthī assagandhinī hoti, ekaccā meṇḍagandhinī, ekaccā sedagandhinī, ekaccā soṇitagandhinī, tathāpi tāsu andhabālo rajjateva. Cakkavattino pana itthiratanassa kāyato candanagandho vāyati, mukhato uppalagandho, ayaṃ na sabbāsaṃ hotīti, itthiyā sarīre ārūḷho āgantuko anulimpanādigandho ‘‘itthigandho’’ti veditabbo. Sārattoti suṭṭhu ratto gadhito mucchito, idaṃ pana padaṃ ‘‘itthirūpe’’tiādīsupi yojetabbaṃ. Vividhaṃ vindate dukhanti itthirūpādīsu sarāganimittaṃ diṭṭhadhammikaṃ vadhabandhanādivasena samparāyikaṃ pañcavidhabandhanādivasena nānappakāraṃ dukkhaṃ paṭilabhati.

Itthisotāni sabbānīti itthiyā rūpādiārammaṇāni sabbāni anavasesāni pañca taṇhāsotāni sandanti. Pañcasūti purisassa pañcasu dvāresu. Tesanti tesaṃ pañcannaṃ sotānaṃ. Āvaraṇanti saṃvaraṇaṃ, yathā asaṃvaro na uppajjati, evaṃ satisampajaññaṃ paccupaṭṭhapetvā saṃvaraṃ pavattetuṃ yo sakkoti, so vīriyavā āraddhavīriyo akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ upasampadāyāti attho.

Evaṃ rūpādigocare pabbajitassa paṭipattiṃ dassetvā idāni gahaṭṭhassa dassetuṃ ‘‘so atthavā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha so atthavā so dhammaṭṭho, so dakkho so vicakkhaṇoti so puggalo imasmiṃ loke atthavā, buddhimā, dhamme ṭhito, dhamme dakkho, dhamme cheko, analaso vā vicakkhaṇo iti kattabbatāsu kusalo nāma. Kareyya ramamānopi, kiccaṃ dhammatthasaṃhitanti geharatiyā ramamānopi dhammatthasaṃhitaṃ dhammato atthato ca anapetameva taṃ taṃ kattabbaṃ. Anuppannānaṃ bhogānaṃ uppādanaṃ, uppannānaṃ paripālanaṃ, paribhogañca kareyya, aññamaññaṃ, avirodhena, aññamaññaṃ, abādhanena, tivaggatthaṃ anuyuñjeyyāti adhippāyo. Ayañca nayo yesaṃ sammāpaṭipattiavirodhena tivaggatthassa vasena vattati bimbisāramahārājādīnaṃ viya, tesaṃ vasena vutto. Na yesaṃ kesañci vasenāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Atho sīdati saññuttanti yadi idhaloke supasaṃhitaṃ diṭṭhadhammikaṃ atthaṃ pariggahetvā ṭhitaṃ. Vajje kiccaṃ niratthakanti samparāyikattharahitaṃ anatthupasaṃhitaṃ kiccaṃ sacepi vissajjeyya pariccajeyya. Na taṃ kiccanti maññitvā, appamatto vicakkhaṇoti satiavippavāsena appamatto vicāraṇapaññāsambhavena vicakkhaṇo anatthupasaṃhitaṃ, taṃ kiccaṃ mayā na kātabbanti maññitvā vivajjeyya.

Vivajjetvā pana yañca atthena saññuttaṃ, yā ca dhammagatā rati. Taṃ samādāya vattethāti yaṃkiñci diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikappabhedena atthena hitena saṃyuttaṃ tadubhayahitāvahaṃ, yā ca adhikusaladhammagatā samathavipassanāsahitā rati, tadubhayaṃ sammā ādiyitvā pariggahaṃ katvā vatteyya. ‘‘Sabbaṃ ratiṃ dhammarati jinātī’’ti (dha. pa. 354) vacanato sā hi ekaṃsena uttamatthassa pāpanato uttamā rati nāma.

Yaṃ pana kāmaratisaṃyuttaṃ kiccaṃ niratthakanti vuttaṃ, tassā anatthupasaṃhitabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘uccāvacehī’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha uccāvacehīti mahantehi ceva khuddakehi ca. Upāyehīti nayehi. Paresamabhijigīsatīti paresaṃ santakaṃ āharituṃ icchati, pare vā sabbathā hāpeti, jināpeti paraṃ hantvā, vadhitvā atha socayitvā, ālopati sāhasā yo paresaṃ. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yo puggalo kāmahetu pare hananto, ghātento, socento sandhicchedasandhiruhanapasayhāvahārādīhi nānupāyehi paresaṃ santakaṃ harituṃ vāyamanto sāhasākāraṃ karoti, ālopati, jigīsati sāpateyyavasena pare hāpeti, tassa taṃ kiccaṃ kāmaratisannissitaṃ anatthupasaṃhitaṃ ekantanihīnanti. Etena tappaṭipakkhato dhammagatāya ratiyā ekaṃsato uttamabhāvaṃyeva vibhāveti.

Idāni yaṃ ‘‘tesamāvaraṇaṃ kātuṃ yo sakkotī’’ti indriyānaṃ āvaraṇaṃ vuttaṃ, taṃ upāyena saha vibhāvento ‘‘tacchanto āṇiyā āṇiṃ, nihanti balavā yathā’’ti āha. Yathā balavā kāyabalena, ñāṇabalena ca samannāgato tacchako rukkhadaṇḍagataṃ āṇiṃ nīharitukāmo tato balavatiṃ āṇiṃ koṭento tato nīharati, tathā kusalo bhikkhu cakkhādīni indriyāni vipassanābalena nihantukāmo indriyehi eva nihanti.

Katamehi panāti āha ‘‘saddha’’ntiādi. Tassattho – adhimokkhalakkhaṇaṃ saddhaṃ, paggahalakkhaṇaṃ vīriyaṃ, avikkhepalakkhaṇaṃ samādhiṃ, upaṭṭhānalakkhaṇaṃ satiṃ, dassanalakkhaṇaṃ paññanti imānipi vimuttiparipācakāni pañcindriyāni bhāvento vaḍḍhento etehi pañcahi indriyehi cakkhādīni pañcindriyāni anunayapaṭighādikilesuppattiyā dvārabhāvavihanena hantvā, ariyamaggena tadupanissaye kilese samucchinditvā, tato eva anīgho niddukkho brāhmaṇo anupādisesaparinibbānameva yāti upagacchatīti.

So atthavāti so yathāvutto brāhmaṇo uttamatthena samannāgatattā atthavā, taṃ sampāpake dhamme ṭhitattā dhammaṭṭho. Sabbena sabbaṃ anavasesena vidhinā anavasesaṃ buddhassa bhagavato vākyabhūtaṃ anusāsaniṃ katvā yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjitvā ṭhito. Tato eva so naro uttamapuriso nibbānasukhañca edhati, brūheti, vaḍḍhetīti.

Evaṃ therena attano cintitākāravibhāvanāvasena paṭipattiyā pakāsitattā idameva cassa aññābyākaraṇaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Pārāpariyattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.

3. Telakānittheragāthāvaṇṇanā

Cirarattaṃ vatātāpītiādikā āyasmato telakānittherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikāro tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde satthu abhijātito puretaraṃyeva sāvatthiyaṃ aññatarasmiṃ brāhmaṇakule nibbattitvā telakānīti laddhanāmo vayappatto hetusampannatāya kāme jigucchanto gharāvāsaṃ pahāya paribbājakapabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā vivaṭṭajjhāsayo ‘‘ko so pāraṅgato loke’’tiādinā vimokkhapariyesanaṃ caramāno te te samaṇabrāhmaṇe upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchati, te na sampāyanti. So tena anārādhitacitto vicarati. Atha amhākaṃ bhagavati loke uppajjitvā pavattitavaradhammacakke lokahitaṃ karonte ekadivasaṃ satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā paṭiladdhasaddho pabbajitvā vipassanāya kammaṃ karonto nacirasseva arahatte patiṭṭhāti. So ekadivasaṃ bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ nisinno attanā adhigatavisesaṃ paccavekkhitvā tadanusārena attano paṭipattiṃ anussaritvā taṃ sabbaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ācikkhanto –

747. ‘‘Cirarattaṃ vatātāpī, dhammaṃ anuvicintayaṃ;

Samaṃ cittassa nālatthaṃ, pucchaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇe.

748. ‘‘Ko so pāraṅgato loke, ko patto amatogadhaṃ;