4. Mettagūmāṇavasuttaniddesavaṇṇanā

18. Catutthe mettagūsutte – maññāmi taṃ vedagū bhāvitattanti ‘‘ayaṃ vedagū’’ti ca ‘‘bhāvitatto’’ti ca evaṃ taṃ maññāmi.

Aparittoti na appo. Mahantoti na khuddako. Gambhīroti na uttāno. Appameyyoti minituṃ na sakkuṇeyyo. Duppariyogāḷhoti avagāhituṃ otarituṃ dukkho. Bahuratano sāgarūpamoti bahūnaṃ dhammaratanānaṃ ākarattā anekavidharatanasampanno mahāsamuddo viya bahuratano sāgarasadiso.

Na maṅku hotīti na vikuṇitamukho hoti. Appatiṭṭhitacittoti dosavasena na ghanībhūtacitto. Alīnamanasoti na saṅkucitacitto. Abyāpannacetasoti na pūticitto.

Diṭṭhe diṭṭhamattoti cakkhuvisaye rūpārammaṇe diṭṭhamattoyeva taṃ ārammaṇaṃ bhavissati, kattā vā kāretā vā natthi. Yaṃ cakkhunā diṭṭhaṃ vaṇṇāyatanameva. Sutādīsupi eseva nayo. Api ca diṭṭheti dassanayogena vaṇṇāyatanaṃ, savanayogena saddāyatanaṃ, mutayogena ghānajivhākāyāyatanāni dasseti. Ghānassa gandhāyatanaṃ, jivhāya rasāyatanaṃ, kāyassa pathavī tejo vāyūti phoṭṭhabbāyatanaṃ, viññātayogena dhammāyatanaṃ dasseti. Diṭṭhe anūpayoti cakkhuviññāṇena diṭṭhe rāgūpayavirahito. Anapāyoti kodhavirahito appaṭigho. Anissitoti taṇhāya anallīno. Appaṭibaddhoti mānena na baddho. Vippamuttoti sabbārammaṇato mutto. Visaññuttoti kilesehi viyutto hutvā ṭhito.

Saṃvijjati bhagavato cakkhūti buddhassa bhagavato pakatimaṃsacakkhu upalabbhati. Passatīti dakkhati oloketi. Cakkhunā rūpanti cakkhuviññāṇena rūpārammaṇaṃ. Chandarāgoti taṇhāchando.

Dantaṃ nayanti samitinti uyyānakīḷāmaṇḍalādīsu hi mahājanamajjhaṃ gacchantā dantameva goṇaṃ vā dantaṃ assājānīyaṃ vā yāne yojetvā nayanti. Rājāti tathārūpāneva ṭhānāni gacchanto rājāpi dantameva abhiruhati. Manussesūti manussesupi catūhi ariyamaggehi danto nibbisevanova seṭṭho. Yotivākyanti evarūpaṃ atikkammavacanaṃ punappunaṃ vuccamānampi titikkhati nappatippharati na vihaññati, evarūpo danto seṭṭhoti attho.

Assatarāti vaḷavāya gadrabhena jātā. Ājānīyāti yaṃ assadammasārathi kāraṇaṃ kāreti, tassa khippaṃ jānanasamatthā. Sindhavāti sindhavaraṭṭhe jātā assā. Mahānāgāti kuñjarasaṅkhātā mahāhatthino. Attadantoti ete assatarā vā sindhavā vā kuñjarā vā dantāva, na adantā. Yo pana catumaggasaṅkhātena attano dantatāya attadanto nibbisevano, ayaṃ tatopi varaṃ, sabbehipi etehi uttaritaroti attho.

Na hi etehi yānehīti yāni etāni hatthiyānādīni uttamayānāni, etehi yānehi koci puggalo supinantenapi agatapubbattā ‘‘agata’’nti saṅkhātaṃ nibbānadisaṃ tathā na gaccheyya. Yathā pubbabhāge indriyadamena dantena, aparabhāge ariyamaggabhāvanāya sudantena danto nibbisevano sappañño puggalo taṃ agatapubbaṃ disaṃ gacchati, dantabhūmiṃ pāpuṇāti, tasmā attadamanameva varataranti attho (dha. pa. aṭṭha. 2.322; mahāni. aṭṭha. 90).

Vidhāsu na vikampantīti navavidhamānakoṭṭhāsesu na calanti na vedhenti. Vippamuttā punabbhavāti kammakilesato samucchedavimuttiyā suṭṭhu muttā. Dantabhūmiṃ anuppattāti arahattaphalaṃ pāpuṇitvā ṭhitā. Te loke vijitāvinoti te vuttappakārā khīṇāsavā sattaloke vijitavijayā nāma (saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 2.3.76; mahāni. aṭṭha. 90).

Yassindriyāni bhāvitānīti yassa khīṇāsavassa saddhādipañcindriyāni arahattaphalaṃ pāpetvā vaḍḍhitāni. Ajjhattañca bahiddhā cāti cakkhādiajjhattāyatanāni ca rūpādibahiddhāyatanāni ca nibbisevanāni katāni. Sabbaloketi sakalatedhātuke loke ca. Nibbijjha imaṃ parañca lokanti imañca attabhāvaṃ paraloke ca attabhāvaṃ atikkamitvā ṭhito khīṇāsavo. Kālaṃ kaṅkhati bhāvito sa dantoti so khīṇāsavo cakkhādito danto vaḍḍhitacitto maraṇakālaṃ pattheti (su. ni. aṭṭha. 2.522; mahāni. aṭṭha. 90).

Yesaṃ dhammānaṃ ādito samudāgamanaṃ paññāyatīti yesaṃ khandhādidhammānaṃ uppatti paññāyati. Atthaṅgamato nirodhoti atthaṅgamanavasena tesaṃyeva abhāvo paññāyati. Kammasannissito vipākoti kusalākusalakammanissito vipāko kammaṃ amuñcitvā pavattanato vipākopi kammasannissitova nāma. Nāmasannissitaṃ rūpanti sabbarūpaṃ nāmaṃ gahetvā pavattanato nāmasannissitaṃ nāma jātaṃ. Jātiyā anugatanti sabbaṃ kammādikaṃ jātiyā anupaviṭṭhaṃ. Jarāya anusaṭanti jarāya patthaṭaṃ. Byādhinā abhibhūtanti byādhidukkhena abhimadditaṃ. Maraṇena abbhāhatanti maccunā abhihaṭaṃ pahaṭaṃ. Atāṇanti puttādīhipi tāyanassa abhāvato atāyanaṃ anārakkhaṃ alabbhaṇeyyaṃ khemaṃ vā. Aleṇanti allīyituṃ nissayituṃ anarahaṃ, allīnānampi na leṇakiccakaraṇaṃ. Asaraṇanti nissitānaṃ na bhayahārakaṃ, na bhayavināsakaṃ. Asaraṇībhūtanti pure uppattiyā attano abhāveneva asaraṇaṃ, uppattisamakālameva asaraṇabhūtanti attho.

19. Apucchasīti ettha a-iti padapūraṇamatte nipāto, pucchasitveva attho. Pavakkhāmi yathā pajānanti yathā pajānanto ācikkhati, evaṃ ācikkhissāmi. Upadhinidānā pabhavanti dukkhāti taṇhādiupadhinidānā jātiādidukkhavisesā pabhavanti.

Taṇhūpadhīti taṇhā eva taṇhūpadhi. Sassatucchedadiṭṭhi eva diṭṭhūpadhi. Rāgādikilesā eva kilesūpadhi. Puññādikammāni eva kammūpadhi. Tividhaduccaritāniyeva duccaritūpadhi. Kabaḷīkārādayo āhārā eva āhārūpadhi. Dosapaṭigho eva paṭighūpadhi. Kammasamuṭṭhānā kammeneva gahitā pathavādayo catasso dhātuyova catasso upādinnadhātuyo upadhī. Cakkhādichaajjhattikāni āyatanāni eva cha ajjhattikāni āyatanāni upadhī. Cakkhuviññāṇādichaviññāṇakāyāva cha viññāṇakāyā upadhī. Sabbampi dukkhaṃ dukkhamanaṭṭhenāti sabbatebhūmakaṃ dukkhaṃ dussahanaṭṭhena upadhi.

20. Evaṃ upadhinidānato pabhavantesu dukkhesu – yo ve avidvāti gāthā. Tattha pajānanti saṅkhāre aniccādivasena jānanto. Dukkhassa jātippabhavānupassīti vaṭṭadukkhassa jātikāraṇaṃ ‘‘upadhī’’ti anupassanto. Imissā gāthāya niddese vattabbaṃ natthi.

21. Sokapariddavañcāti sokañca paridevañca. Tathā hi te vidito esa dhammoti yathā yathā sattā jānanti, tathā tathā ñāpanavasena vidito esa tayā dhammoti.

Tattha tarantīti paṭhamamaggena diṭṭhoghaṃ taranti. Uttarantīti dutiyamaggena kāmoghaṃ tanukaraṇavasena uggantvā taranti. Patarantīti tameva niravasesappahānavasena tatiyamaggena visesena taranti. Samatikkamantīti bhavoghaavijjoghappahānavasena catutthamaggena sammā atikkamanti. Vītivattantīti phalaṃ pāpuṇitvā tiṭṭhanti.

22. Kittayissāmi te dhammanti nibbānadhammaṃ nibbānagāminipaṭipadādhammañca te desayissāmi. Diṭṭhe dhammeti diṭṭheva dukkhādidhamme, imasmiṃyeva vā attabhāve. Anītihanti attapaccakkhaṃ. Yaṃ viditvāti yaṃ dhammaṃ ‘‘sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā’’tiādinā (dha. pa. 277; theragā. 676; kathā. 753) nayena sammasanto viditvā.

Tattha ādikalyāṇanti hitvāpi anuttaraṃ vivekasukhaṃ dhammaṃ tava kittayissāmi, tañca kho appaṃ vā bahuṃ vā kittayanto ādikalyāṇādippakārameva kittayissāmi. Ādimhi kalyāṇaṃ bhaddakaṃ anavajjameva katvā kittayissāmi. Majjhepi. Pariyosānepi bhaddakaṃ anavajjameva katvā kittayissāmīti vuttaṃ hoti. Yasmiñhi bhagavā ekagāthampi desesi, sā samantabhaddakattā dhammassa paṭhamapādena ādikalyāṇā, dutiyatatiyapādehi majjhekalyāṇā, pacchimapādena pariyosānakalyāṇā. Ekānusandhikaṃ suttaṃ nidānena ādikalyāṇaṃ, nigamanena pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ, sesena majjhekalyāṇaṃ. Nānānusandhikaṃ suttaṃ paṭhamānusandhinā ādikalyāṇaṃ, pacchimena pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ, sesehi majjhekalyāṇaṃ.

Api ca sanidānauppattittā ādikalyāṇaṃ, veneyyānaṃ anurūpato atthassa aviparītatāya ca hetudāharaṇayuttato ca majjhekalyāṇaṃ, sotūnaṃ saddhāpaṭilābhajananena nigamanena ca pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ.

Sakalo hi sāsanadhammo attano atthabhūtena sīlena ādikalyāṇo, samathavipassanāmaggaphalehi majjhekalyāṇo, nibbānena pariyosānakalyāṇo. Sīlasamādhīhi vā ādikalyāṇo, vipassanāmaggehi majjhekalyāṇo, phalanibbānehi pariyosānakalyāṇo. Buddhasubodhitāya vā ādikalyāṇo, dhammasudhammatāya majjhekalyāṇo, saṅghasuppaṭipattiyā pariyosānakalyāṇo. Taṃ sutvā tathattāya paṭipannena adhigantabbāya abhisambodhiyā vā ādikalyāṇo, paccekabodhiyā majjhekalyāṇo, sāvakabodhiyā pariyosānakalyāṇo.

Suyyamāno cesa nīvaraṇavikkhambhanato bhavanenapi kalyāṇameva āvahatīti ādikalyāṇo, paṭipajjiyamāno samathavipassanāsukhāvahanato paṭipattiyāpi kalyāṇameva āvahatīti majjhekalyāṇo, tathāpaṭipanno (pārā. aṭṭha. 1.1) ca paṭipattiphale niṭṭhite tādibhāvāvahanato paṭipattiphalenapi kalyāṇameva āvahatīti pariyosānakalyāṇoti.

Yaṃ panesa bhagavā dhammaṃ desento sāsanabrahmacariyaṃ maggabrahmacariyañca pakāseti, nānānayehi dīpeti. Taṃ yathānurūpaṃ atthasampattiyā sātthaṃ. Byañjanasampattiyā sabyañjanaṃ. Saṅkāsanapakāsanavivaraṇavibhajanauttānīkaraṇapaññattiatthapadasamāyogato sātthaṃ. Akkharapadabyañjanākāraniruttiniddesasampattiyā sabyañjanaṃ. Atthagambhīratāpaṭivedhagambhīratāhi sātthaṃ. Dhammagambhīratādesanāgambhīratāhi sabyañjanaṃ. Atthapaṭibhānapaṭisambhidāvisayato sātthaṃ. Dhammaniruttipaṭisambhidāvisayato sabyañjanaṃ. Paṇḍitavedanīyato sarikkhakajanappasādakanti sātthaṃ. Saddheyyato lokiyajanappasādakanti sabyañjanaṃ. Gambhīrādhippāyato sātthaṃ. Uttānapadato sabyañjanaṃ. Upanetabbassa abhāvato sakalaparipuṇṇabhāvena kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ. Apanetabbassa abhāvato niddosabhāvena parisuddhaṃ.

Api ca – paṭipattiyā adhigamabyattito sātthaṃ. Pariyattiyā āgamabyattito sabyañjanaṃ. Sīlādipañcadhammakkhandhayuttato kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ. Nirupakkilesato nittharaṇatthāya pavattito lokāmisanirapekkhato ca parisuddhaṃ. Sikkhattayapariggahitattā brahmabhūtehi seṭṭhehi caritabbato, tesañca cariyabhāvato brahmacariyaṃ (pārā. aṭṭha. 1.1).

Evaṃ pariyattidhammaṃ dassetvā idāni lokuttaradhammaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘cattāro satipaṭṭhāne’’ti āha. Sattatiṃsabodhipakkhiyadhamme dassetvā nibbattitalokuttaraṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘nibbānañcā’’ti āha. Nibbānagāminiñca paṭipadanti pubbabhāgasīlasamādhivipassanādhammañca kittayissāmi.

Dukkhe diṭṭheti dukkhasacce sarasalakkhaṇena diṭṭhe dukkhasaccaṃ pakāsessāmi. Samudayādīsupi eseva nayo.

23. Tañcāhaṃ abhinandāmīti taṃ vuttappakāradhammajotakaṃ tava vacanaṃ ahaṃ patthayāmi. Dhammamuttamanti tañca dhammamuttamaṃ abhinandāmi.

Tattha mahato tamokāyassa padālananti mahato avijjārāsissa chedanaṃ. Aniccalakkhaṇavasena esī. Dukkhalakkhaṇavasena gavesī. Anattalakkhaṇavasena samantato pariyesī. Mahato vipallāsassa pabhedananti mahantassa asubhe subhantiādidvādasavidhassa vipallāsassa bhedanaṃ. Mahato taṇhāsallassa abbahananti mahantassa antotudanaṭṭhena taṇhākaṇṭakassa luñcanaṃ. Diṭṭhisaṅghāṭassa viniveṭhananti diṭṭhiyeva abbocchinnappavattito saṅghaṭitaṭṭhena saṅghāṭo, tassa diṭṭhisaṅghāṭassa nivattanaṃ. Mānadhajassa pātananti ussitaṭṭhena unnatilakkhaṇassa mānaddhajassa pātanaṃ. Abhisaṅkhārassa vūpasamanti puññādiabhisaṅkhārassa upasamanaṃ. Oghassa nittharaṇanti vaṭṭe osīdāpanassa kāmoghādioghassa nittharaṇaṃ nikkhamanaṃ. Bhārassa nikkhepananti rūpādipañcakkhandhabhārassa khipanaṃ chaḍḍanaṃ. Saṃsāravaṭṭassa upacchedanti khandhādipaṭipāṭisaṃsāravaṭṭassa hetunassanena ucchijjanaṃ. Santāpassa nibbāpananti kilesasantāpassa nibbutiṃ. Pariḷāhassa paṭipassaddhanti kilesapariḷāhassa vūpasamaṃ paṭipassambhanaṃ. Dhammadhajassa ussāpananti navavidhalokuttaradhammassa ussāpetvā ṭhapanaṃ. Paramatthaṃ amataṃ nibbānanti uttamaṭṭhena paramatthaṃ. Natthi etassa maraṇasaṅkhātaṃ matanti amataṃ. Kilesavisapaṭipakkhattā agadantipi amataṃ. Saṃsāradukkhapaṭipakkhabhūtattā nibbutanti nibbānaṃ. Natthettha taṇhāsaṅkhātaṃ vānantipi nibbānaṃ.

Mahesakkhehi sattehīti mahānubhāvehi sakkādīhi sattehi. Pariyesitoti pariyiṭṭho. Kahaṃ devadevoti devānaṃ atidevo kuhiṃ. Kahaṃ narāsabhoti uttamapuriso.

24. Uddhaṃ adho tiriyañcāpi majjheti ettha uddhanti anāgataddhā vuccati. Adhoti atītaddhā. Tiriyañcāpi majjheti paccuppannaddhā. Etesu nandiñca nivesanañca, panujja viññāṇanti etesu uddhādīsu taṇhañca diṭṭhinivesanañca abhisaṅkhāraviññāṇañca panudehi. Panuditvā ca bhave na tiṭṭheti evaṃ sante duvidhepi bhave na tiṭṭheyya. Evaṃ tāva panujjasaddassa panudehīti imasmiṃ atthavikappe sambandho. Panuditvāti etasmiṃ pana atthavikappe bhave na tiṭṭheti ayameva sambandho. Etāni nandīnivesanaviññāṇāni panuditvā duvidhepi bhave na tiṭṭheyyāti.

Sahokāsavasena devaloko uddhaṃ. Apāyaloko adho. Manussaloko majjhe. Tattha kusalā dhammāti apāyaṃ muñcitvā upari paṭisandhidānato kusalā dhammā uddhanti vuccanti. Akusalā dhammā apāyesu paṭisandhidānato adhoti. Tadubhayavimuttattā abyākatā dhammā tiriyañcāpi majjheti vuccanti. Sabboparivasena arūpadhātu uddhaṃ. Sabbaadhovasena kāmadhātu adho. Tadubhayantaravasena rūpadhātu majjhe. Kāyacittābādhakhananavasena sukhā vedanā uddhaṃ. Dukkhamanavasena dukkhā vedanā adho. Adukkhamasukhā vedanā majjhe. Attabhāvavasena paricchedaṃ dassento ‘‘uddhanti uddhaṃ pādatalā’’tiādimāha. Tattha uddhaṃ pādatalāti pādatalato upari. Adho kesamatthakāti kesamatthakato adho. Majjheti dvinnaṃ antaraṃ.

Puññābhisaṅkhārasahagataṃ viññāṇanti terasavidhapuññābhisaṅkhārasampayuttaṃ kammaviññāṇaṃ. Apuññābhisaṅkhārasahagataṃ viññāṇanti dvādasavidhaapuññābhisaṅkhārasampayuttaṃ kammaviññāṇaṃ. Āneñjābhisaṅkhārasahagataṃ viññāṇanti catubbidhaṃ āneñjābhisaṅkhārasahagataṃ kammaviññāṇaṃ. Nujjāti khipa. Panujjāti atīva khipa. Nudāti luñca. Panudāti atīva luñca. Pajahāti chaḍḍehi. Vinodehīti dūraṃ karohi.

Kammabhavañcāti puññābhisaṅkhāracetanāva. Paṭisandhikañca punabbhavanti paṭisandhiyā rūpādipunabbhavañca. Pajahanto paṭhamamaggena, vinodento dutiyamaggena, byantī karonto tatiyamaggena, anabhāvaṃ gamento catutthamaggena. Kammabhave na tiṭṭheyyāti puññādiabhisaṅkhāre na tiṭṭheyya.

25. Etāni vinodetvā bhave atiṭṭhanto eso – evaṃ vihārīti gāthā. Tattha idhevāti imasmiṃyeva sāsane, imasmiṃyeva vā attabhāve. Imissā gāthāya niddeso uttānatthova.

26. Sukittitaṃ gotamanūpadhīkanti ettha anūpadhīkanti nibbānaṃ, taṃ sandhāya bhagavantaṃ ālapanto āha – ‘‘sukittitaṃ gotamanūpadhīka’’nti.

Niddese kilesā cāti upatāpanaṭṭhena rāgādayo kilesā ca rāsaṭṭhena vipākabhūtā pañcakkhandhā ca kusalādiabhisaṅkhārā cetanā ca ‘‘upadhī’’ti vuccanti kathīyanti. Upadhippahānaṃ tadaṅgappahānena, upadhivūpasamaṃ vikkhambhanappahānena, upadhipaṭinissaggaṃ samucchedappahānena upadhipaṭipassaddhaṃ phalenāti.

27. Na kevalaṃ dukkhameva pahāsi – te cāpīti gāthā. Tattha aṭṭhitanti sakkaccaṃ, sadā vā. Taṃ taṃ namassāmīti tasmā taṃ namassāmi. Sameccāti upagantvā. Nāgāti bhagavantaṃ ālapanto āha.

Niddese sameccāti jānitvā, ekato hutvā vā. Abhisameccāti paṭivijjhitvā. Samāgantvāti sammukhā hutvā. Abhisamāgantvāti samīpaṃ gantvā. Sammukhāti sammukhe. Āguṃ na karotīti pāpaṃ na karoti.

28. Idāni naṃ bhagavā ‘‘addhā hi bhagavā pahāsi dukkha’’nti evaṃ tena brāhmaṇena viditopi attānaṃ anupanetvāva pahīnadukkhena puggalena ovadanto ‘‘yaṃ brāhmaṇa’’nti gāthamāha. Tassattho – yaṃ taṃ abhijānanto ‘‘ayaṃ bāhitapāpattā brāhmaṇo, vedehi gatattā vedagū, kiñcanābhāvā akiñcano, kāmesu ca bhavesu ca asattattā kāmabhave asatto’’ti jaññā jāneyyāsi. Addhā hi so oghamimaṃ atāri, tiṇṇo ca pāraṃ akhilo akaṅkho.

Niddese rāgakiñcananti rāgapalibodhaṃ. Dosakiñcanantiādipi eseva nayo. Kāmoghaṃ tiṇṇo anāgāmimaggena. Bhavoghaṃ tiṇṇo arahattamaggena. Diṭṭhoghaṃ tiṇṇo sotāpattimaggena. Avijjoghaṃ tiṇṇo arahattamaggena. Saṃsārapathaṃ tiṇṇo kusalākusalakammappabhedenāti. Uttiṇṇo paṭhamamaggena. Nittiṇṇo dutiyamaggena. Atikkanto tatiyamaggena. Samatikkanto catutthamaggena.Vītivatto phalena.

29. Kiñca bhiyyo – vidvā ca yoti gāthā. Tattha idhāti imasmiṃ sāsane, attabhāve vā. Visajjāti vosajjitvā.

Niddese sajjanti muñcanaṃ. Visajjanti vosajjanaṃ. Sesaṃ sabbattha pākaṭameva. Evaṃ bhagavā idampi suttaṃ arahattanikūṭeneva desesi. Desanāpariyosāne ca vuttasadiso eva dhammābhisamayo ahosīti.

Saddhammappajjotikāya cūḷaniddesa-aṭṭhakathāya

Mettagūmāṇavasuttaniddesavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.