8. Paṭhamanakuhanasuttavaṇṇanā

35. Aṭṭhame nayidanti ettha naiti paṭisedhe nipāto, tassa ‘‘vussatī’’ti iminā sambandho, yakāro padasandhikaro. Idaṃ-saddo ‘‘ekamidāhaṃ, bhikkhave, samayaṃ ukkaṭṭhāyaṃ viharāmi subhagavane sālarājamūle’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.501) nipātamattaṃ. ‘‘Idaṃ kho taṃ, bhikkhave, appamattakaṃ oramattakaṃ sīlamattaka’’ntiādīsu (dī. ni. 1.27) yathāvutte āsannapaccakkhe āgato.

‘‘Idañhi taṃ jetavanaṃ, isisaṅghanisevitaṃ;

Āvutthaṃ dhammarājena, pītisañjananaṃ mamā’’ti. –

Ādīsu (saṃ. ni. 1.48) vakkhamāne āsannapaccakkhe. Idhāpi vakkhamāneyeva āsannapaccakkhe daṭṭhabbo.

Brahmacariya-saddo –

‘‘Kiṃ te vataṃ kiṃ pana brahmacariyaṃ,

Kissa suciṇṇassa ayaṃ vipāko;

Iddhī jutī balavīriyūpapatti,

Idañca te nāga mahāvimānaṃ.

‘‘Ahañca bhariyā ca manussaloke,

Saddhā ubho dānapatī ahumhā;

Opānabhūtaṃ me gharaṃ tadāsi,

Santappitā samaṇabrāhmaṇā ca.

‘‘Taṃ me vataṃ taṃ pana brahmacariyaṃ,

Tassa suciṇṇassa ayaṃ vipāko;

Iddhī jutī balavīriyūpapatti,

Idañca me dhīra mahāvimāna’’nti. (jā. 2.22.1592-1593, 1595) –

Imasmiṃ puṇṇakajātake dāne āgato.

‘‘Kena pāṇi kāmadado, kena pāṇi madhussavo;

Kena te brahmacariyena, puññaṃ pāṇimhi ijjhati.

‘‘Tena pāṇi kāmadado, tena pāṇi madhussavo;

Tena me brahmacariyena, puññaṃ pāṇimhi ijjhatī’’ti. (pe. va. 275, 277) –

Imasmiṃ aṅkurapetavatthusmiṃ veyyāvacce. ‘‘Idaṃ kho taṃ, bhikkhave, tittiriyaṃ nāma brahmacariyaṃ ahosī’’ti (cūḷava. 311) imasmiṃ tittirajātake pañcasikkhāpadasīle. ‘‘Taṃ kho pana, pañcasikha, brahmacariyaṃ neva nibbidāya na virāgāya…pe… yāvadeva brahmalokūpapattiyā’’ti (dī. ni. 2.329) imasmiṃ mahāgovindasutte brahmavihāre. ‘‘Pare abrahmacārī bhavissanti, mayamettha brahmacārino bhavissāmā’’ti (ma. ni. 1.83) sallekhasutte methunaviratiyaṃ.

‘‘Mayañca bhariyā nātikkamāma,

Amhe ca bhariyā nātikkamanti;

Aññatra tāhi brahmacariyaṃ carāma,

Tasmā hi amhaṃ daharā na mīyare’’ti. (jā. 1.10.97) –

Mahādhammapālajātake sadārasantose. ‘‘Abhijānāmi kho panāhaṃ, sāriputta, caturaṅgasamannāgataṃ brahmacariyaṃ caritā – tapassī sudaṃ homī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.155) lomahaṃsasutte vīriye.

‘‘Hīnena brahmacariyena, khattiye upapajjati;

Majjhimena ca devattaṃ, uttamena visujjhatī’’ti. (jā. 1.8.75) –

Nimijātake attadamanavasena kate aṭṭhaṅgikauposathe. ‘‘Idaṃ kho pana, pañcasikha, brahmacariyaṃ ekantanibbidāya virāgāya…pe… ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo’’ti (dī. ni. 2.329) mahāgovindasutteyeva ariyamagge. ‘‘Tayidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ iddhañceva phītañca vitthārikaṃ bāhujaññaṃ puthubhūtaṃ yāva devamanussehi suppakāsita’’nti (dī. ni. 3.174) pāsādikasutte sikkhattayasaṅgahe sakalasmiṃ sāsane. Idhāpi ariyamagge sāsane ca vattati.

Vussatīti vasīyati, carīyatīti attho. Janakuhanatthanti ‘‘aho ayyo sīlavā vattasampanno appiccho santuṭṭho mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo’’tiādinā janassa sattalokassa vimhāpanatthaṃ. Janalapanatthanti ‘‘evarūpassa nāma ayyassa dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ bhavissatī’’ti pasannacittehi ‘‘kenattho, kiṃ āharīyatū’’ti manussehi vadāpanatthaṃ. Lābhasakkārasilokānisaṃsatthanti yvāyaṃ ‘‘ākaṅkheyya ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘lābhī assaṃ cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārāna’nti, sīle-svevassa paripūrakārī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.65) sīlānisaṃsabhāvena vutto catupaccayalābho, yo ca catunnaṃ paccayānaṃ sakkaccadānasaṅkhāto ādarabahumānagarukaraṇasaṅkhāto ca sakkāro, yo ca ‘‘sīlasampanno bahussuto sutadharo āraddhavīriyo’’tiādinā nayena uggatathutighosasaṅkhāto siloko brahmacariyaṃ carantānaṃ diṭṭhadhammiko ānisaṃso, tadatthaṃ. Iti maṃ jano jānātūti ‘‘evaṃ brahmacariyavāse sati ‘ayaṃ sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo’tiādinā maṃ jano jānātu sambhāvetū’’ti attano santaguṇavasena sambhāvanatthampi na idaṃ brahmacariyaṃ vussatīti sambandho.

Keci pana ‘‘janakuhanatthanti pāpicchassa icchāpakatassa sato sāmantajappanairiyāpathanissitapaccayapaṭisevanasaṅkhātena tividhena kuhanavatthunā kuhanabhāvena janassa vimhāpanatthaṃ. Janalapanatthanti pāpicchasseva sato paccayatthaṃ parikathobhāsādivasena lapanabhāvena upalāpanabhāvena vā janassa lapanatthaṃ. Lābhasakkārasilokānisaṃsatthanti pāpicchasseva sato lābhādigarutāya lābhasakkārasilokasaṅkhātassa ānisaṃsaudayassa nipphādanatthaṃ. Iti maṃ jano jānātūti pāpicchasseva sato asantaguṇasambhāvanādhippāyena ‘iti evaṃ maṃ jano jānātū’ti na idaṃ brahmacariyaṃ vussatī’’ti evamettha atthaṃ vadanti. Purimoyeva pana attho sārataro.

Atha khoti ettha athāti aññadatthe nipāto, khoti avadhāraṇe. Tena kuhanādito aññadatthāyeva pana idaṃ, bhikkhave, brahmacariyaṃ vussatīti dasseti. Idāni taṃ payojanaṃ dassento ‘‘saṃvaratthañceva pahānatthañcā’’ti āha. Tattha pañcavidho saṃvaro – pātimokkhasaṃvaro, satisaṃvaro, ñāṇasaṃvaro, khantisaṃvaro, vīriyasaṃvaroti.

Tattha ‘‘iminā pātimokkhasaṃvarena upeto hoti samupeto’’ti (vibha. 511) hi ādinā nayena āgato ayaṃ pātimokkhasaṃvaro nāma, yo sīlasaṃvaroti ca pavuccati. ‘‘Rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ, cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjatī’’ti (dī. ni. 1.213; ma. ni. 1.295; saṃ. ni. 4.239; a. ni. 3.16) āgato ayaṃ satisaṃvaro.

‘‘Yāni sotāni lokasmiṃ (ajitāti bhagavā),

Sati tesaṃ nivāraṇaṃ;

Sotānaṃ saṃvaraṃ brūmi,

Paññāyete pidhīyare’’ti. (su. ni. 1041) –

Āgato ayaṃ ñāṇasaṃvaro. ‘‘Khamo hoti sītassa uṇhassā’’tiādinā (ma. ni. 1.24; a. ni. 4.114; 6.58) nayena āgato ayaṃ khantisaṃvaro. ‘‘Uppannaṃ kāmavitakkaṃ nādhivāsetī’’tiādinā (ma. ni. 1.26; a. ni. 4.114; 6.58) nayena āgato ayaṃ vīriyasaṃvaro. Atthato pana pāṇātipātādīnaṃ pajahanavasena, vattapaṭivattānaṃ karaṇavasena ca pavattā cetanā viratiyo ca. Saṅkhepato sabbo kāyavacīsaṃyamo, vitthārato sattannaṃ āpattikkhandhānaṃ avītikkamo sīlasaṃvaro. Sati eva satisaṃvaro, satippadhānā vā kusalā khandhā. Ñāṇameva ñāṇasaṃvaro. Adhivāsanavasena adoso, adosappadhānā vā tathā pavattā kusalā khandhā khantisaṃvaro, paññāti eke. Kāmavitakkādīnaṃ anadhivāsanavasena pavattaṃ vīriyameva vīriyasaṃvaro. Tesu paṭhamo kāyaduccaritādidussīlyassa saṃvaraṇato saṃvaro, dutiyo muṭṭhassaccassa, tatiyo aññāṇassa, catuttho akkhantiyā, pañcamo kosajjassa saṃvaraṇato pidahanato saṃvaroti veditabbo. Evametassa saṃvarassa atthāya saṃvaratthaṃ, saṃvaranipphādanatthanti attho.

Pahānampi pañcavidhaṃ – tadaṅgappahānaṃ, vikkhambhanappahānaṃ, samucchedappahānaṃ, paṭippassaddhippahānaṃ, nissaraṇappahānanti. Tattha yaṃ vattabbaṃ, taṃ heṭṭhā ekakanipāte paṭhamasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ vuttameva. Tassa pana pañcavidhassapi tathā tathā rāgādikilesānaṃ paṭinissajjanaṭṭhena samatikkamanaṭṭhena vā pahānassa atthāya pahānatthaṃ, pahānasādhanatthanti attho. Tattha saṃvarena kilesānaṃ cittasantāne pavesananivāraṇaṃ pahānena pavesananivāraṇañceva samugghāto cāti vadanti. Ubhayenāpi pana yathārahaṃ ubhayaṃ sampajjatīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Sīlādidhammā eva hi saṃvaraṇato saṃvaro, pajahanato pahānanti.

Gāthāsu anītihanti ītiyo vuccanti upaddavā – diṭṭhadhammikā ca samparāyikā ca. Ītiyo hanati vināseti pajahatīti ītihaṃ, anu ītihanti anītihaṃ, sāsanabrahmacariyaṃ maggabrahmacariyañca. Atha vā ītīhi anatthehi saddhiṃ hananti gacchanti pavattantīti ītihā, taṇhādiupakkilesā. Natthi ettha ītihāti anītihaṃ. Ītihā vā yathāvuttenaṭṭhena titthiyasamayā, tappaṭipakkhato idaṃ anītihaṃ. ‘‘Anitiha’’ntipi pāṭho. Tassattho – ‘‘itihāya’’nti dhammesu anekaṃsaggāhabhāvato vicikicchā itihaṃ nāma, sammāsambuddhappaveditattā yathānusiṭṭhaṃ paṭipajjantānaṃ nikkaṅkhabhāvasādhanato natthi ettha itihanti anitihaṃ, aparappaccayanti attho. Vuttañhetaṃ ‘‘paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’’ti ‘‘atakkāvacaro’’ti ca. Gāthāsukhatthaṃ pana ‘‘anītiha’’nti dīghaṃ katvā paṭhanti.

Nibbānasaṅkhātaṃ ogadhaṃ patiṭṭhaṃ pāraṃ gacchatīti nibbānogadhagāmī, vimuttirasattā ekanteneva nibbānasampāpakoti attho. Taṃ nibbānogadhagāminaṃ brahmacariyaṃ. Soti yo so samatiṃsa pāramiyo pūretvā sabbakilese bhinditvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho, so bhagavā adesayi desesi. Nibbānogadhoti vā ariyamaggo vuccati. Tena vinā nibbānogāhanassa asambhavato tassa ca nibbānaṃ anālambitvā appavattanato, tañca taṃ ekantaṃ gacchatīti nibbānogadhagāmī. Atha vā nibbānogadhagāminanti nibbānassa antogāminaṃ maggabrahmacariyaṃ, nibbānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ karitvā tassa anto eva vattati pavattatīti. Mahattehīti mahāātumehi uḷārajjhāsayehi. Mahantaṃ nibbānaṃ, mahante vā sīlakkhandhādike esanti gavesantīti mahesino buddhādayo ariyā. Tehi anuyāto paṭipanno. Yathā buddhena desitanti yathā abhiññeyyādidhamme abhiññeyyādibhāveneva sammāsambuddhena mayā desitaṃ, evaṃ ye etaṃ maggabrahmacariyaṃ tadatthaṃ sāsanabrahmacariyañca paṭipajjanti. Te diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikatthehi yathārahaṃ anusāsantassa satthu mayhaṃ sāsanakārino ovādappaṭikarā sakalassa vaṭṭadukkhassa antaṃ pariyantaṃ appavattiṃ karissanti, dukkhassa vā antaṃ nibbānaṃ sacchikarissantīti.

Aṭṭhamasuttavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.