Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa

Abhidhammapiṭake

Aṭṭhasālinī nāma

Dhammasaṅgaṇī-aṭṭhakathā

Ganthārambhakathā

Karuṇā viya sattesu, paññā yassa mahesino;

Ñeyyadhammesu sabbesu, pavattittha yathāruci.

Dayāya tāya sattesu, samussāhitamānaso;

Pāṭihīrāvasānamhi, vasanto tidasālaye.

Pāricchattakamūlamhi, paṇḍukambalanāmake;

Silāsane sannisinno, ādiccova yugandhare.

Cakkavāḷasahassehi, dasahāgamma sabbaso;

Sannisinnena devānaṃ, gaṇena parivārito.

Mātaraṃ pamukhaṃ katvā, tassā paññāya tejasā;

Abhidhammakathāmaggaṃ, devānaṃ sampavattayi.

Tassa pāde namassitvā, sambuddhassa sirīmato;

Saddhammañcassa pūjetvā, katvā saṅghassa cañjaliṃ.

Nipaccakārassetassa, katassa ratanattaye;

Ānubhāvena sosetvā, antarāye asesato.

Visuddhācārasīlena, nipuṇāmalabuddhinā;

Bhikkhunā buddhaghosena, sakkaccaṃ abhiyācito.

Yaṃ devadevo devānaṃ, desetvā nayato puna;

Therassa sāriputtassa, samācikkhi vināyako.

Anotattadahe katvā, upaṭṭhānaṃ mahesino;

Yañca sutvāna so thero, āharitvā mahītalaṃ.

Bhikkhūnaṃ payirudāhāsi, iti bhikkhūhi dhārito;

Saṅgītikāle saṅgīto, vedehamuninā puna.

Tassa gambhīrañāṇehi, ogāḷhassa abhiṇhaso;

Nānānayavicittassa, abhidhammassa ādito.

Yā mahākassapādīhi, vasīhiṭṭhakathā purā;

Saṅgītā anusaṅgītā, pacchāpi ca isīhi yā.

Ābhatā pana therena, mahindenetamuttamaṃ;

Yā dīpaṃ dīpavāsīnaṃ, bhāsāya abhisaṅkhatā.

Apanetvā tato bhāsaṃ, tambapaṇṇinivāsinaṃ;

Āropayitvā niddosaṃ, bhāsaṃ tantinayānugaṃ.

Nikāyantaraladdhīhi, asammissaṃ anākulaṃ;

Mahāvihāravāsīnaṃ, dīpayanto vinicchayaṃ.

Atthaṃ pakāsayissāmi, āgamaṭṭhakathāsupi;

Gahetabbaṃ gahetvāna, tosayanto vicakkhaṇe.

Kammaṭṭhānāni sabbāni, cariyābhiññā vipassanā;

Visuddhimagge panidaṃ, yasmā sabbaṃ pakāsitaṃ.

Tasmā taṃ aggahetvāna, sakalāyapi tantiyā;

Padānukkamato eva, karissāmatthavaṇṇanaṃ.

Iti me bhāsamānassa, abhidhammakathaṃ imaṃ;

Avikkhittā nisāmetha, dullabhā hi ayaṃ kathāti.

Nidānakathā

Tattha kenaṭṭhena abhidhammo? Dhammātirekadhammavisesaṭṭhena. Atirekavisesatthadīpako hettha ‘abhi’-saddo. ‘‘Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti no paṭikkamanti’’ (ma. ni. 3.384; saṃ. ni. 5.195) ‘‘abhikkantavaṇṇā’’tiādīsu (saṃ. ni. 1.1-2) viya. Tasmā yathā samussitesu bahūsu chattesu ceva dhajesu ca yaṃ atirekappamāṇaṃ visesavaṇṇasaṇṭhānañca chattaṃ, taṃ ‘aticchatta’nti vuccati, yo atirekappamāṇo nānāvirāgavaṇṇavisesasampanno ca dhajo so ‘atidhajo’ti vuccati, yathā ca ekato sannipatitesu bahūsu rājakumāresu ceva devesu ca yo jātibhogayasaissariyādisampattīhi atirekataro ceva visesavantataro ca rājakumāro so ‘atirājakumāro’ti vuccati, yo āyuvaṇṇaissariyayasasampattiādīhi atirekataro ceva visesavantataro ca devo so ‘atidevo’ti vuccati, tathārūpo brahmāpi ‘atibrahmā’ti vuccati, evameva ayampi dhammo dhammātirekadhammavisesaṭṭhena ‘abhidhammo’ti vuccati.

Suttantañhi patvā pañcakkhandhā ekadeseneva vibhattā, na nippadesena; abhidhammaṃ patvā pana suttantabhājanīyaabhidhammabhājanīyapañhapucchakanayānaṃ vasena nippadesato vibhattā. Tathā dvādasāyatanāni, aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo, cattāri saccāni, bāvīsatindriyāni, dvādasapadiko paccayākāro. Kevalañhi indriyavibhaṅge suttantabhājanīyaṃ natthi, paccayākāre ca pañhapucchakaṃ natthi. Suttantañca patvā cattāro satipaṭṭhānā ekadeseneva vibhattā, na nippadesena; abhidhammaṃ patvā pana tiṇṇampi nayānaṃ vasena nippadesatova vibhattā. Tathā cattāri sammappadhānāni, cattāro iddhipādā, satta bojjhaṅgā, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, cattāri jhānāni, catasso appamaññāyo, pañca sikkhāpadāni, catasso paṭisambhidā. Kevalañhettha sikkhāpadavibhaṅge suttantabhājanīyaṃ natthi. Suttantaṃ patvā ca ñāṇaṃ ekadeseneva vibhattaṃ na nippadesena; tathā kilesā. Abhidhammaṃ patvā pana ‘‘ekavidhena ñāṇavatthū’’tiādinā (vibha. 751) nayena mātikaṃ ṭhapetvā nippadesatova vibhattaṃ. Tathā ekakato paṭṭhāya anekehi nayehi kilesā. Suttantaṃ patvā ca bhūmantaraparicchedo ekadeseneva vibhatto, na nippadesena; abhidhammaṃ pana patvā tiṇṇampi nayānaṃ vasena bhūmantaraparicchedo nippadesatova vibhatto. Evaṃ dhammātirekadhammavisesaṭṭhena abhidhammoti veditabbo.

Pakaraṇaparicchedato panesa dhammasaṅgaṇīvibhaṅgadhātukathāpuggalapaññattikathāvatthuyamakapaṭṭhānānaṃ sattannaṃ pakaraṇānaṃ vasena ṭhito. Ayamettha ācariyānaṃ samānakathā. Vitaṇḍavādī panāha – ‘kathāvatthu kasmā gahitaṃ? Nanu sammāsambuddhassa parinibbānato aṭṭhārasavassādhikāni dve vassasatāni atikkamitvā moggaliputtatissattherenetaṃ ṭhapitaṃ? Tasmā sāvakabhāsitattā chaḍḍetha na’nti. ‘Kiṃ pana chappakaraṇāni abhidhammo’ti? ‘Evaṃ na vadāmī’ti. ‘Atha kiṃ vadesī’ti. ‘Sattappakaraṇānī’ti. ‘Kataraṃ gahetvā satta karosī’ti? ‘Mahādhammahadayaṃ nāma atthi, etena saha sattā’ti. ‘Mahādhammahadaye apubbaṃ natthi, katipayāva pañhāvārā avasesā, kathāvatthunāva saddhiṃ sattā’ti. ‘No kathāvatthunā, mahādhātukathā nāma atthi, tāya saddhiṃ sattā’ti. ‘Mahādhātukathāyaṃ apubbaṃ natthi, appamattikāva tanti avasesā. Kathāvatthunāva saddhiṃ sattā’ti.

Sammāsambuddho hi sattappakaraṇāni desento kathāvatthuṃ patvā yā esā puggalavāre tāva catūsu pañhesu dvinnaṃ pañcakānaṃ vasena aṭṭhamukhā vādayutti taṃ ādiṃ katvā sabbakathāmaggesu asampuṇṇabhāṇavāramattāya pāḷiyā mātikaṃ ṭhapesi. Sā panesā ‘‘puggalo upalabbhati saccikaṭṭhaparamatthenāti. Āmantā. Yo saccikaṭṭho paramattho tato so puggalo upalabbhati saccikaṭṭhaparamatthenāti. Nahevaṃ vattabbe. Ājānāhi niggahaṃ…pe… puggalo nupalabbhati saccikaṭṭhaparamatthenāti. Āmantā. Yo saccikaṭṭho paramattho tato so puggalo nupalabbhati saccikaṭṭhaparamatthenāti. Nahevaṃ vattabbe. Ājānāhi niggahaṃ…pe…. Sabbattha puggalo upalabbhati sabbattha puggalo nupalabbhati, sabbadā puggalo upalabbhati sabbadā puggalo nupalabbhati, sabbesu puggalo upalabbhati sabbesu puggalo nupalabbhati saccikaṭṭhaparamatthenā’’ti (kathā. 15-16) evaṃ paṭhamaṃ vādaṃ nissāya paṭhamaṃ niggahaṃ, dutiyaṃ nissāya dutiyaṃ …pe… aṭṭhamaṃ nissāya aṭṭhamaṃ niggahaṃ dassentena satthārā ṭhapitā. Iminā nayena sabbattha mātikāṭhapanaṃ veditabbaṃ. Taṃ panetaṃ mātikaṃ ṭhapento imaṃ disvā ṭhapesi – mama parinibbānato aṭṭhārasavassādhikānaṃ dvinnaṃ vassasatānaṃ matthake moggaliputtatissatthero nāma bhikkhu bhikkhusahassamajjhe nisinno sakavāde pañca suttasatāni paravāde pañcāti suttasahassaṃ samodhānetvā dīghanikāyappamāṇaṃ kathāvatthuppakaraṇaṃ bhājessatīti.

Moggaliputtatissattheropi idaṃ pakaraṇaṃ desento na attano ñāṇena desesi, satthārā pana dinnanayena ṭhapitamātikāya desesi. Iti satthārā dinnanayena ṭhapitamātikāya desitattā sakalampetaṃ pakaraṇaṃ buddhabhāsitameva nāma jātaṃ. Yathā kiṃ? Yathā madhupiṇḍikasuttantādīni. Madhupiṇḍikasuttantasmiñhi bhagavā ‘‘yatonidānaṃ bhikkhu purisaṃ papañcasaññāsaṅkhā samudācaranti, ettha ce natthi abhinanditabbaṃ abhivaditabbaṃ ajjhositabbaṃ, esevanto rāgānusayāna’’nti (ma. ni. 1.202) mātikaṃ ṭhapetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ pāvisi.

Dhammappaṭiggāhakā bhikkhū mahākaccānattheraṃ upasaṅkamitvā dasabalena ṭhapitamātikāya atthaṃ pucchiṃsu. Thero pucchitamattakeneva akathetvā dasabalassa apacitidassanatthaṃ ‘‘seyyathāpi āvuso puriso sāratthiko sāragavesī’’ti (ma. ni. 1.203) sāropamaṃ āharitvā sārarukkho viya bhagavā sākhāpalāsasadisā sāvakā, ‘‘so hāvuso bhagavā jānaṃ jānāti, passaṃ passati cakkhubhūto ñāṇabhūto dhammabhūto brahmabhūto vattā pavattā atthassa ninnetā amatassa dātā dhammassāmī tathāgato’’ti satthāraṃ thometvā punappunaṃ therehi yācito satthārā ṭhapitamātikāya atthaṃ vibhajitvā ‘‘ākaṅkhamānā ca pana tumhe āyasmanto bhagavantaṃyeva upasaṅkamitvā etamatthaṃ paṭipuccheyyātha sace sabbaññutaññāṇena saddhiṃ saṃsandiyamānaṃ sameti gaṇheyyātha, no ce mā gaṇhitthā’’ti iminā adhippāyena ‘‘yathā vo bhagavā byākaroti tathā naṃ dhāreyyāthā’’ti vatvā uyyojesi.

Te satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā pucchiṃsu. Satthā dukkathitaṃ kaccānenāti avatvā suvaṇṇāliṅgaṃ ussāpento viya gīvaṃ unnāmetvā supupphitasatapattasassirikaṃ mahāmukhaṃ pūrento brahmassaraṃ nicchāretvā sādhu sādhūti therassa sādhukāraṃ datvā ‘‘paṇḍito, bhikkhave, mahākaccāno, mahāpañño bhikkhave mahākaccāno, maṃ cepi tumhe, bhikkhave, etamatthaṃ paṭipuccheyyātha, ahampi taṃ evamevaṃ byākareyyaṃ yathā taṃ mahākaccānena byākata’’nti (ma. ni. 1.205) āha.

Evaṃ satthārā anumoditakālato paṭṭhāya ca pana sakalaṃ suttaṃ buddhabhāsitaṃ nāma jātaṃ. Ānandattherādīhi vitthāritasuttesupi eseva nayo. Evameva sammāsambuddho sattappakaraṇāni desento kathāvatthuṃ patvā vuttanayena mātikaṃ ṭhapesi. Ṭhapento ca pana imaṃ addasa –

Mama parinibbānato aṭṭhārasavassādhikānaṃ dvinnaṃ vassasatānaṃ matthake moggaliputtatissatthero nāma bhikkhu bhikkhusahassamajjhe nisinno sakavāde pañca suttasatāni paravāde pañcāti suttasahassaṃ samodhānetvā dīghanikāyappamāṇaṃ kathāvatthuppakaraṇaṃ bhājessatīti.

Moggaliputtatissattheropi imaṃ pakaraṇaṃ desento na attano ñāṇena desesi, satthārā pana dinnanayena ṭhapitamātikāya desesi. Iti satthārā dinnanayena ṭhapitamātikāya desitattā sakalampetaṃ pakaraṇaṃ buddhabhāsitameva jātaṃ. Evaṃ kathāvatthunāva saddhiṃ satta pakaraṇāni abhidhammo nāma.

Tattha dhammasaṅgaṇīpakaraṇe catasso vibhattiyo – cittavibhatti rūpavibhatti nikkheparāsi atthuddhāroti. Tattha kāmāvacarakusalato aṭṭha, akusalato dvādasa, kusalavipākato soḷasa, akusalavipākato satta, kiriyato ekādasa; rūpāvacarakusalato pañca, vipākato pañca, kiriyato pañca; arūpāvacarakusalato cattāri, vipākato cattāri, kiriyato cattāri; lokuttarakusalato cattāri, vipākato cattārīti ekūnanavuti cittāni cittavibhatti nāma. Cittuppādakaṇḍantipi etasseva nāmaṃ. Taṃ vācanāmaggato atirekachabhāṇavāraṃ, vitthāriyamānaṃ pana anantamaparimāṇaṃ hoti.

Tadanantaraṃ ekavidhena duvidhenātiādinā nayena mātikaṃ ṭhapetvā vitthārena vibhajitvā dassitā rūpavibhatti nāma. Rūpakaṇḍantipi etasseva nāmaṃ. Taṃ vācanāmaggato atirekadvibhāṇavāraṃ. Vitthāriyamānaṃ pana anantamaparimāṇaṃ hoti.

Tadanantaraṃ mūlato khandhato dvārato bhūmito atthato dhammato nāmato liṅgatoti evaṃ mūlādīhi nikkhipitvā desito nikkheparāsi nāma. So –

Mūlato khandhato cāpi, dvārato cāpi bhūmito;

Atthato dhammato cāpi, nāmato cāpi liṅgato;

Nikkhipitvā desitattā, nikkhepoti pavuccati.

Nikkhepakaṇḍantipi tasseva nāmaṃ. Taṃ vācanāmaggato timattabhāṇavāraṃ. Vitthāriyamānaṃ pana anantamaparimāṇaṃ hoti.

Tadanantaraṃ pana tepiṭakassa buddhavacanassa atthuddhārabhūtaṃ yāva saraṇadukā nikkhittaṃ aṭṭhakathākaṇḍaṃ nāma. Yato mahāpakaraṇiyā bhikkhū mahāpakaraṇe gaṇanacāraṃ asallakkhentā gaṇanacāraṃ samānenti. Taṃ vācanāmaggato dvimattabhāṇavāraṃ. Vitthāriyamānaṃ pana anantamaparimāṇaṃ hoti.

Iti sakalampi dhammasaṅgaṇīpakaraṇaṃ vācanāmaggato atirekaterasamattabhāṇavāraṃ. Vitthāriyamānaṃ pana anantamaparimāṇaṃ hoti. Evametaṃ –

Cittavibhatti rūpañca, nikkhepo atthajotanā;

Gambhīraṃ nipuṇaṃ ṭhānaṃ, tampi buddhena desitaṃ.

Tadanantaraṃ vibhaṅgappakaraṇaṃ nāma. Taṃ khandhavibhaṅgo āyatanavibhaṅgo dhātuvibhaṅgo saccavibhaṅgo idriyavibhaṅgo paccayākāravibhaṅgo satipaṭṭhānavibhaṅgo sammappadhānavibhaṅgo iddhipādavibhaṅgo bojjhaṅgavibhaṅgo maggaṅgavibhaṅgo jhānavibhaṅgo appamaññāvibhaṅgo sikkhāpadavibhaṅgo paṭisambhidāvibhaṅgo ñāṇavibhaṅgo khuddakavatthuvibhaṅgo dhammahadayavibhaṅgoti aṭṭhārasavidhena vibhattaṃ.

Tattha khandhavibhaṅgo suttantabhājanīyaabhidhammabhājanīyapañhapucchakānaṃ vasena tidhā vibhatto. So vācanāmaggato pañcamattabhāṇavāro, vitthāriyamāno pana ananto aparimāṇo hoti. Tato paraṃ āyatanavibhaṅgādayopi eteheva tīhi nayehi vibhattā. Tesu āyatanavibhaṅgo vācanāmaggato atirekabhāṇavāro, dhātuvibhaṅgo dvimattabhāṇavāro. Tathā saccavibhaṅgo. Indriyavibhaṅge suttantabhājanīyaṃ natthi; vācanāmaggato panesa atirekabhāṇavāramatto. Paccayākāravibhaṅgo chamattabhāṇavāro, pañhapucchakaṃ panettha natthi. Satipaṭṭhānavibhaṅgo atirekabhāṇavāramatto; tathā sammappadhāna iddhipādabojjhaṅgamaggaṅgavibhaṅgā. Jhānavibhaṅgo dvibhāṇavāramatto, appamaññāvibhaṅgo atirekabhāṇavāramatto. Sikkhāpadavibhaṅgepi suttantabhājanīyaṃ natthi; vācanāmaggato panesa atirekabhāṇavāramatto; tathā paṭisambhidāvibhaṅgo. Ñāṇavibhaṅgo dasavidhena vibhatto; vācanāmaggato panesa timattabhāṇavāro. Khuddakavatthuvibhaṅgopi dasavidhena vibhatto; vācanāmaggato panesa timattabhāṇavāro. Dhammahadayavibhaṅgo tividhena vibhatto; vācanāmaggato panesa atirekadvibhāṇavāramatto. Sabbepi vitthāriyamānā anantā aparimāṇā honti. Evametaṃ vibhaṅgappakaraṇaṃ vācanāmaggato pañcatiṃsamattabhāṇavāraṃ; vitthārato pana anantamaparimāṇaṃ hoti.

Tadanantaraṃ dhātukathāpakaraṇaṃ nāma. Taṃ saṅgaho asaṅgaho, saṅgahitena asaṅgahitaṃ, asaṅgahitena saṅgahitaṃ, saṅgahitena saṅgahitaṃ, asaṅgahitena asaṅgahitaṃ; sampayogo vippayogo, sampayuttena vippayuttaṃ, vippayuttena sampayuttaṃ, sampayuttena sampayuttaṃ, vippayuttena vippayuttaṃ; saṅgahitena sampayuttaṃ vippayuttaṃ; sampayuttena saṅgahitaṃ asaṅgahitaṃ, asaṅgahitena sampayuttaṃ vippayuttaṃ, vippayuttena saṅgahitaṃ asaṅgahitanti cuddasavidhena vibhattaṃ. Taṃ vācanāmaggato atirekachabhāṇavāramattaṃ, vitthāriyamānaṃ pana anantamaparimāṇaṃ hoti.

Tadanantaraṃ puggalapaññatti nāma. Sā ‘‘khandhapaññatti āyatanapaññatti dhātupaññatti saccapaññatti indriyapaññatti puggalapaññattī’’ti chabbidhena vibhattā. Sā vācanāmaggato atirekapañcabhāṇavārā; vitthāriyamānā pana anantā aparimāṇāva hoti.

Tadanantaraṃ kathāvatthuppakaraṇaṃ nāma. Taṃ sakavāde pañca suttasatāni paravāde pañcāti suttasahassaṃ samodhānetvā vibhattaṃ. Taṃ vācanāmaggato idāni potthake likhitaṃ aggahetvā saṅgītiāropitanayena dīghanikāyappamāṇaṃ, vitthāriyamānaṃ pana anantamaparimāṇaṃ hoti.

Tadanantaraṃ yamakaṃ nāma. Taṃ mūlayamakaṃ khandhayamakaṃ āyatanayamakaṃ dhātuyamakaṃ saccayamakaṃ saṅkhārayamakaṃ anusayayamakaṃ cittayamakaṃ dhammayamakaṃ indriyayamakanti dasavidhena vibhattaṃ. Taṃ vācanāmaggato vīsabhāṇavārasataṃ, vitthārato pana anantamaparimāṇaṃ hoti.

Tadanantaraṃ mahāpakaraṇaṃ nāma. Paṭṭhānantipi tasseva nāmaṃ. Taṃ hetupaccayo ārammaṇapaccayo adhipatipaccayo anantarapaccayo samanantarapaccayo sahajātapaccayo aññamaññapaccayo nissayapaccayo upanissayapaccayo purejātapaccayo pacchājātapaccayo āsevanapaccayo kammapaccayo vipākapaccayo āhārapaccayo indriyapaccayo jhānapaccayo maggapaccayo sampayuttapaccayo vippayuttapaccayo atthipaccayo natthipaccayo vigatapaccayo avigatapaccayoti. Paccayavasena tāva catuvīsatividhena vibhattaṃ.

Imasmiṃ pana ṭhāne paṭṭhānaṃ samānetabbaṃ. Kusalattikādayo hi dvāvīsati tikā, nāma hetū dhammā nahetū dhammā…pe… saraṇā dhammā araṇā dhammāti ime sataṃ dukā. Aparepi vijjābhāgino dhammā avijjābhāgino dhammā…pe… khaye ñāṇaṃ, anuppāde ñāṇanti dvācattālīsa suttantikadukā nāma. Tesu dvāvīsati tikā sataṃ dukāti ayaṃ āhaccabhāsitā jinavacanabhūtā sabbaññubuddhena desitā sattannaṃ pakaraṇānaṃ mātikā nāma.

Athāpare dvācattālīsa suttantikadukā kutopabhavā kena ṭhapitā kena desitāti? Dhammasenāpatisāriputtattherappabhavā, tena ṭhapitā, tena desitāti. Ime ṭhapento pana thero na sāmukkaṃsikena attano ñāṇena ṭhapesi. Ekuttariyaṃ pana ekanipātadukanipātasaṅgīti dasuttarasuttantehi samodhānetvā ābhidhammikattherānaṃ suttantaṃ patvā akilamatthaṃ ṭhapitā. Te panete ekasmiṃ nikkhepakaṇḍeyeva matthakaṃ pāpetvā vibhattā. Sesaṭṭhānesu yāva saraṇadukā abhidhammo vibhatto.

Sammāsambuddhena hi anulomapaṭṭhāne dvāvīsati tike nissāya tikapaṭṭhānaṃ nāma niddiṭṭhaṃ. Sataṃ duke nissāya dukapaṭṭhānaṃ nāma niddiṭṭhaṃ. Tato paraṃ dvāvīsati tike gahetvā dukasate pakkhipitvā dukatikapaṭṭhānaṃ nāma dassitaṃ. Tato paraṃ dukasataṃ gahetvā dvāvīsatiyā tikesu pakkhipitvā tikadukapaṭṭhānaṃ nāma dassitaṃ. Tike pana tikesuyeva pakkhipitvā tikatikapaṭṭhānaṃ nāma dassitaṃ. Duke ca dukesuyeva pakkhipitvā dukadukapaṭṭhānaṃ nāma dassitaṃ. Evaṃ –

Tikañca paṭṭhānavaraṃ dukuttamaṃ,

Dukatikañceva tikadukañca;

Tikatikañceva dukadukañca,

Cha anulomamhi nayā sugambhīrāti. (paṭṭhā. 1.1.39);

Paccanīyapaṭṭhānepi dvāvīsatitike nissāya tikapaṭṭhānaṃ nāma. Dukasataṃ nissāya dukapaṭṭhānaṃ nāma. Dvāvīsatitike dukasate pakkhipitvā dukatikapaṭṭhānaṃ nāma. Dukasataṃ dvāvīsatiyā tikesu pakkhipitvā tikadukapaṭṭhānaṃ nāma. Tike tikesuyeva pakkhipitvā tikatikapaṭṭhānaṃ nāma. Duke dukesuyeva pakkhipitvā dukadukapaṭṭhānaṃ nāmāti paccanīyepi chahi nayehi paṭṭhānaṃ niddiṭṭhaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ –

Tikañca paṭṭhānavaraṃ dukuttamaṃ,

Dukatikañceva tikadukañca;

Tikatikañceva dukadukañca,

Cha paccanīyamhi nayā sugambhīrāti. (paṭṭhā. 1.1.44);

Tato paraṃ anulomapaccanīyepi eteneva upāyena cha nayā dassitā. Tenāha –

Tikañca paṭṭhānavaraṃ dukuttamaṃ,

Dukatikañceva tikadukañca;

Tikatikañceva dukadukañca,

Cha anulomapaccanīyamhi nayā sugambhīrāti. (paṭṭhā. 1.1.48);

Tadanantaraṃ paccanīyānulomepi eteheva chahi nayehi niddiṭṭhaṃ. Tenāha –

Tikañca paṭṭhānavaraṃ dukuttamaṃ,

Dukatikañceva tikadukañca;

Tikatikañceva dukadukañca,

Cha paccanīyānulomamhi nayā sugambhīrāti. (paṭṭhā. 1.1.52);

Evaṃ anulome cha paṭṭhānāni, paṭilome cha, anulomapaccanīye cha, paccanīyānulome cha paṭṭhānānīti idaṃ catuvīsatisamantapaṭṭhānasamodhānaṃ paṭṭhānaṃ mahāpakaraṇaṃ nāma.

Idāni imassa abhidhammassa gambhīrabhāvavijānanatthaṃ cattāro sāgarā veditabbā – saṃsārasāgaro, jalasāgaro, nayasāgaro, ñāṇasāgaroti. Tattha saṃsārasāgaro nāma –

Khandhānañca paṭipāṭi, dhātuāyatanāna ca;

Abbocchinnaṃ vattamānā, saṃsāroti pavuccatīti.

Evaṃ vuttaṃ saṃsāravaṭṭaṃ. Svāyaṃ yasmā imesaṃ sattānaṃ uppattiyā purimā koṭi na paññāyati ettakānañhi vassasatānaṃ vā vassasahassānaṃ vā vassasatasahassānaṃ vā, kappasatānaṃ vā kappasahassānaṃ vā kappasatasahassānaṃ vā matthake sattā uppannā, tato pubbe nāhesunti vā, asukassa nāma rañño kāle uppannā, asukassa buddhassa kāle uppannā tato pubbe nāhesunti vā, ayaṃ paricchedo natthi; ‘‘purimā, bhikkhave, koṭi na paññāyati avijjāya, ito pubbe avijjā nāhosi atha pacchā samabhavī’’ti (a. ni. 10.61) iminā pana nayena saṃsārasāgaro anamataggova.

Mahāsamuddo pana jalasāgaro nāmāti veditabbo. So caturāsītiyojanasahassagambhīro. Tattha udakassa āḷhakasatehi vā āḷhakasahassehi vā āḷhakasatasahassehi vā pamāṇaṃ nāma natthi. Atha kho asaṅkhyeyyo appameyyo mahāudakakkhandhotveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchati. Ayaṃ jalasāgaro nāma.

Katamo nayasāgaro? Tepiṭakaṃ buddhavacanaṃ. Dvepi hi tantiyo paccavekkhantānaṃ saddhāsampannānaṃ pasādabahulānaṃ ñāṇuttarānaṃ kulaputtānaṃ anantaṃ pītisomanassaṃ uppajjati. Katamā dve? Vinayañca abhidhammañca. Vinayadharabhikkhūnañhi vinayatantiṃ paccavekkhantānaṃ dosānurūpaṃ sikkhāpadapaññāpanaṃ nāma – imasmiṃ dose imasmiṃ vītikkame idaṃ nāma hotīti sikkhāpadapaññāpanaṃ – aññesaṃ avisayo, buddhānameva visayoti. Uttarimanussadhammapeyyālaṃ paccavekkhantānaṃ nīlapeyyālaṃ paccavekkhantānaṃ sañcarittapeyyālaṃ paccavekkhantānaṃ anantaṃ pītisomanassaṃ uppajjati. Ābhidhammikabhikkhūnampi khandhantaraṃ āyatanantaraṃ dhātvantaraṃ indriyantaraṃ balabojjhaṅgakammavipākantaraṃ rūpārūpaparicchedaṃ saṇhasukhumadhammaṃ gaganatale tārakarūpāni gaṇhanto viya rūpārūpadhamme pabbaṃ pabbaṃ koṭṭhāsaṃ koṭṭhāsaṃ katvā vibhajanto dassesi vata no satthāti abhidhammatantiṃ paccavekkhantānaṃ anantaṃ pītisomanassaṃ uppajjati.

Evaṃ uppattiyā panassa idaṃ vatthupi veditabbaṃ – mahāgatigamiyatissadattatthero kira nāma mahābodhiṃ vandissāmīti paratīraṃ gacchanto nāvāya uparitale nisinno mahāsamuddaṃ olokesi. Athassa tasmiṃ samaye neva paratīraṃ paññāyittha, na orimatīraṃ, ūmivegappabhedasamuggatajalacuṇṇaparikiṇṇo pana pasāritarajatapaṭṭasumanapupphasantharasadiso mahāsamuddova paññāyittha. So kiṃ nu kho mahāsamuddassa ūmivego balavā udāhu catuvīsatippabhede samantapaṭṭhāne nayamukhaṃ balavanti cintesi. Athassa mahāsamudde paricchedo paññāyati – ayañhi heṭṭhā mahāpathaviyā paricchinno, upari ākāsena, ekato cakkavāḷapabbatena, ekato velantena paricchinno; samantapaṭṭhānassa pana paricchedo na paññāyatīti saṇhasukhumadhammaṃ paccavekkhantassa balavapīti uppannā. So pītiṃ vikkhambhetvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā yathānisinnova sabbakilese khepetvā aggaphale arahatte patiṭṭhāya udānaṃ udānesi –

Attheva gambhīragataṃ sudubbudhaṃ,

Sayaṃ abhiññāya sahetusambhavaṃ;

Yathānupubbaṃ nikhilena desitaṃ,

Mahesinā rūpagataṃva passatīti.

Ayaṃ nayasāgaro nāma.

Katamo ñāṇasāgaro? Sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ ñāṇasāgaro nāma. Ayaṃ saṃsārasāgaro nāma, ayaṃ jalasāgaro nāma, ayaṃ nayasāgaro nāmāti hi aññena na sakkā jānituṃ, sabbaññutaññāṇeneva sakkā jānitunti sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ ñāṇasāgaro nāma. Imesu catūsu sāgaresu imasmiṃ ṭhāne nayasāgaro adhippeto. Imañhi sabbaññubuddhāva paṭivijjhanti.

Ayampi bhagavā bodhimūle nisinno ‘imaṃ paṭivijjhitvā imaṃ vata me dhammaṃ esantassa gavesantassa kappasatasahassādhikāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni vītivattāni, atha me imasmiṃ pallaṅke nisinnena diyaḍḍhakilesasahassaṃ khepetvā ayaṃ dhammo paṭividdho’ti paṭividdhadhammaṃ paccavekkhanto sattāhaṃ ekapallaṅkena nisīdi. Tato tamhā pallaṅkā vuṭṭhāya ‘imasmiṃ vata me pallaṅke sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ paṭividdha’nti animisehi cakkhūhi sattāhaṃ pallaṅkaṃ olokento aṭṭhāsi. Tato devatānaṃ ‘ajjāpi nūna siddhatthassa kattabbakiccaṃ atthi, pallaṅkasmiñhi ālayaṃ na vijahatī’ti parivitakko udapādi.

Satthā devatānaṃ vitakkaṃ ñatvā tāvadeva tāsaṃ vitakkavūpasamanatthaṃ vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ dassesi. Mahābodhipallaṅkasmiñhi katapāṭihāriyañca, ñātisamāgame katapāṭihāriyañca, pāṭiyaputtasamāgame katapāṭihāriyañca, sabbaṃ kaṇḍambarukkhamūle katayamakapāṭihāriyasadisameva ahosi. Evaṃ yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ katvā pallaṅkassa ṭhitaṭṭhānassa ca antare ākāsato oruyha sattāhaṃ caṅkami. Imesu ca ekavīsatiyā divasesu ekadivasepi satthu sarīrato rasmiyo na nikkhantā.

Catutthe pana sattāhe pacchimuttarāya disāya ratanaghare nisīdi – ratanagharaṃ nāma neva sattaratanamayaṃ gehaṃ. Sattannaṃ pana pakaraṇānaṃ sammasitaṭṭhānaṃ ratanagharanti veditabbaṃ – tattha dhammasaṅgaṇiṃ sammasantassāpi sarīrato rasmiyo na nikkhantā. Vibhaṅgappakaraṇaṃ dhātukathaṃ puggalapaññattiṃ kathāvatthuppakaraṇaṃ yamakappakaraṇaṃ sammasantassāpi sarīrato rasmiyo na nikkhantā. Yadā pana mahāpakaraṇaṃ oruyha ‘‘hetupaccayo ārammaṇapaccayo…pe… avigatapaccayo’’ti sammasanaṃ ārabhi, athassa catuvīsatisamantapaṭṭhānaṃ sammasantassa ekantato sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ mahāpakaraṇeyeva okāsaṃ labhi. Yathā hi timirapiṅgalamahāmaccho caturāsītiyojanasahassagambhīre mahāsamuddeyeva okāsaṃ labhati, evameva sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ ekantato mahāpakaraṇeyeva okāsaṃ labhi.

Satthu evaṃ laddhokāsena sabbaññutaññāṇena yathāsukhaṃ saṇhasukhumadhammaṃ sammasantassa sarīrato nīlapītalohitodātamañjiṭṭhapabhassaravasena chabbaṇṇarasmiyo nikkhamiṃsu. Kesamassūhi ceva akkhīnañca nīlaṭṭhānehi nīlarasmiyo nikkhamiṃsu, yāsaṃ vasena gaganatalaṃ añjanacuṇṇasamokiṇṇaṃ viya umāpupphanīluppaladalasañchannaṃ viya vītipatantamaṇitālavaṇṭaṃ viya sampasāritamecakapaṭaṃ viya ca ahosi.

Chavito ceva akkhīnañca pītaṭṭhānehi pītarasmiyo nikkhamiṃsu; yāsaṃ vasena disābhāgā suvaṇṇarasadhārābhisiñcamānā viya suvaṇṇapaṭapasāritā viya kuṅkumacuṇṇakaṇikārapupphasamparikiṇṇā viya ca virociṃsu.

Maṃsalohitehi ceva akkhīnañca rattaṭṭhānehi lohitarasmiyo nikkhamiṃsu yāsaṃ vasena disābhāgā cīnapiṭṭhacuṇṇarañjitā viya supakkalākhārasasiñcamānā viya rattakambalaparikkhittā viya jayasumanapāribhaddakabandhujīvakakusumasamparikiṇṇā viya ca virociṃsu.

Aṭṭhīhi ceva dantehi ca akkhīnañca setaṭṭhānehi odātarasmiyo nikkhamiṃsu; yāsaṃ vasena disābhāgā rajataghaṭehi āsiñcamānakhīradhārāsamparikiṇṇā viya sampasāritarajatapaṭṭavitānā viya, vītipatantarajatatālavaṇṭā viya, kundakumudasinduvārasumanamallikādikusumasañchannā viya ca virociṃsu.

Mañjiṭṭhapabhassarā pana tamhā tamhā sarīrappadesā nikkhamiṃsu. Iti tā chabbaṇṇarasmiyo nikkhamitvā ghanamahāpathaviṃ gaṇhiṃsu.

Catunahutādhikadviyojanasatasahassabahalā mahāpathavī niddhantasuvaṇṇapiṇḍi viya ahosi. Atha mahāpathaviṃ bhinditvā heṭṭhā udakaṃ gaṇhiṃsu. Pathavisandhārakaṃ aṭṭhanahutādhikacatuyojanasatasahassabahalaṃ udakaṃ suvaṇṇakalasehi āsiñcamānavilīnasuvaṇṇaṃ viya ahosi. Udakaṃ vinivijjhitvā vātaṃ aggahesuṃ. Chanahutādhikanavayojanasatasahassabahalo vāto samussitasuvaṇṇakkhandho viya ahosi. Vātaṃ vinivijjhitvā heṭṭhā ajaṭākāsaṃ pakkhandiṃsu.

Uparibhāgena uggantvāpi cātumahārājike gaṇhiṃsu. Te vinivijjhitvā tāvatiṃse tato yāme tato tusite tato nimmānaratī tato paranimmitavasavattī tato nava brahmaloke tato vehapphale tato pañca suddhāvāse vinivijjhitvā cattāro āruppe gaṇhiṃsu. Cattāro ca āruppe vinivijjhitvā ajaṭākāsaṃ pakkhandiṃsu.

Tiriyabhāgehi anantā lokadhātuyo pakkhandiṃsu. Ettakesu ṭhānesu candamhi candappabhā natthi, sūriye sūriyappabhā natthi, tārakarūpesu tārakarūpappabhā natthi, devatānaṃ uyyānavimānakapparukkhesu ceva sarīresu ca ābharaṇesu cāti sabbattha pabhā natthi. Tisahassimahāsahassilokadhātuyā ālokapharaṇasamattho mahābrahmāpi sūriyuggamane khajjopanako viya ahosi. Candasūriyatārakarūpadevatuyyānavimānakapparukkhānaṃ paricchedamattakameva paññāyittha. Ettakaṃ ṭhānaṃ buddharasmīhiyeva ajjhotthaṭaṃ ahosi. Ayañca neva buddhānaṃ adhiṭṭhāniddhi, na bhāvanāmayiddhi. Saṇhasukhumadhammaṃ pana sammasato lokanāthassa lohitaṃ pasīdi, vatthurūpaṃ pasīdi, chavivaṇṇo pasīdi. Cittasamuṭṭhānā vaṇṇadhātu samantā asītihatthamatte padese niccalāva aṭṭhāsi. Iminā nīhārena sattāhaṃ sammasi.

Satta rattindivāni sammasitadhammo kittako ahosīti? Ananto aparimāṇo ahosi. Ayaṃ tāva manasādesanā nāma. Satthā pana evaṃ sattāhaṃ manasā cintitadhammaṃ vacībhedaṃ katvā desento vassasatenapi vassasahassenapi vassasatasahassenapi matthakaṃ pāpetvā desetuṃ na sakkotīti na vattabbaṃ. Aparabhāgepi hi tathāgato tāvatiṃsabhavane pāricchattakamūle paṇḍukambalasilāyaṃ dasasahassacakkavāḷadevatānaṃ majjhe nisinno mātaraṃ kāyasakkhiṃ katvā kusalā dhammā, akusalā dhammā, abyākatā dhammāti dhammaṃ desento satabhāgena sahassabhāgena satasahassabhāgena dhammantarā dhammantaraṃ saṅkamitvā saṅkamitvāva desesi. Tayo māse nirantaraṃ pavattitadesanā vegena pavattā ākāsagaṅgā viya adhomukhaṭhapitaudakaghaṭā nikkhantaudakadhārā viya ca hutvā anantā aparimāṇā ahosi.

Buddhānañhi bhattānumodanakālepi thokaṃ vaḍḍhetvā anumodentānaṃ desanā dīghamajjhimanikāyappamāṇā hoti. Pacchābhattaṃ pana sampattaparisāya dhammaṃ desentānaṃ desanā saṃyuttaaṅguttarikadvemahānikāyappamāṇāva hoti. Kasmā? Buddhānañhi bhavaṅgaparivāso lahuko dantāvaraṇaṃ suphusitaṃ mukhādānaṃ siliṭṭhaṃ jivhā mudukā saro madhuro vacanaṃ lahuparivattaṃ. Tasmā taṃ muhuttaṃ desitadhammopi ettako hoti. Temāsaṃ desitadhammo pana ananto aparimāṇoyeva.

Ānandatthero hi bahussuto tipiṭakadharo pañcadasa gāthāsahassāni saṭṭhi padasahassāni latāpupphāni ākaḍḍhanto viya ṭhitapadeneva ṭhatvā gaṇhāti vā vāceti vā deseti vā. Ettako therassa eko uddesamaggo nāma hoti. Therassa hi anupadaṃ uddesaṃ dadamāno añño dātuṃ na sakkoti, na sampāpuṇāti. Sammāsambuddhova sampāpuṇeyya. Evaṃ adhimattasatimā adhimattagatimā adhimattadhitimā sāvako satthārā temāsaṃ iminā nīhārena desitadesanaṃ vassasataṃ vassasahassaṃ uggaṇhantopi matthakaṃ pāpetuṃ na sakkoti.

Evaṃ temāsaṃ nirantaraṃ desentassa pana tathāgatassa kabaḷīkārāhārappaṭibaddhaṃ upādinnakasarīraṃ kathaṃ yāpesīti? Paṭijagganeneva. Buddhānañhi so so kālo suvavatthito suparicchinno supaccakkho. Tasmā bhagavā dhammaṃ desentova manussaloke kālaṃ oloketi. So bhikkhācāravelaṃ sallakkhetvā nimmitabuddhaṃ māpetvā ‘imassa cīvaraggahaṇaṃ pattaggahaṇaṃ sarakutti ākappo ca evarūpo nāma hotu, ettakaṃ nāma dhammaṃ desetū’ti adhiṭṭhāya pattacīvaramādāya anotattadahaṃ gacchati. Devatā nāgalatādantakaṭṭhaṃ denti. Taṃ khāditvā anotattadahe sarīraṃ paṭijaggitvā manosilātale ṭhito surattadupaṭṭaṃ nivāsetvā cīvaraṃ pārupitvā cātumahārājadattiyaṃ selamayaṃ pattaṃ ādāya uttarakuruṃ gacchati. Tato piṇḍapātaṃ āharitvā anotattadahatīre nisinno taṃ paribhuñjitvā divāvihārāya candanavanaṃ gacchati.

Dhammasenāpatisāriputtattheropi tattha gantvā sammāsambuddhassa vattaṃ katvā ekamantaṃ nisīdati. Athassa satthā nayaṃ deti. ‘Sāriputta, ettako dhammo mayā desito’ti ācikkhati. Evaṃ sammāsambuddhe nayaṃ dente paṭisambhidāppattassa aggasāvakassa velante ṭhatvā hatthaṃ pasāretvā dassitasamuddasadisaṃ nayadānaṃ hoti. Therassāpi nayasatena nayasahassena nayasatasahassena bhagavatā desitadhammo upaṭṭhātiyeva.

Satthā divāvihāraṃ nisīditvā dhammaṃ desetuṃ kāya velāya gacchatīti? Sāvatthivāsīnaṃ kulaputtānaṃ sampattānaṃ dhammadesanavelā nāma atthi, tāya velāya gacchati. Dhammaṃ desetvā gacchantaṃ vā āgacchantaṃ vā ke jānanti ke na jānantīti? Mahesakkhā devatā jānanti, appesakkhā devatā na jānanti. Kasmā na jānantīti? Sammāsambuddhassa vā nimmitabuddhassa vā rasmiādīsu nānattābhāvā. Ubhinnampi hi tesaṃ rasmīsu vā saresu vā vacanesu vā nānattaṃ natthi.

Sāriputtattheropi satthārā desitaṃ desitaṃ dhammaṃ āharitvā attano saddhivihārikānaṃ pañcannaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ desesi. Tesaṃ ayaṃ pubbayogo – te kira kassapadasabalassa kāle khuddakavagguliyoniyaṃ nibbattā pabbhāre olambantā dvinnaṃ ābhidhammikabhikkhūnaṃ abhidhammaṃ sajjhāyantānaṃ sare nimittaṃ gahetvā kaṇhapakkhasukkapakkhe ajānitvāpi sare nimittaggāhamattakeneva kālaṃ katvā devaloke nibbattiṃsu. Ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ devaloke vasitvā tasmiṃ kāle manussaloke nibbattā yamakapāṭihāriye pasīditvā therassa santike pabbajiṃsu. Thero satthārā desitaṃ desitaṃ dhammaṃ āharitvā tesaṃ desesi. Sammāsambuddhassa abhidhammadesanāpariyosānañca tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ sattappakaraṇauggahaṇañca ekappahāreneva ahosi.

Abhidhamme vācanāmaggo nāma sāriputtattherappabhavo. Mahāpakaraṇe gaṇanacāropi thereneva ṭhapito. Thero hi iminā nīhārena dhammantaraṃ amakkhetvāva sukhaṃ gahetuṃ dhāretuṃ pariyāpuṇituṃ vācetuñca pahotīti gaṇanacāraṃ ṭhapesi. Evaṃ sante therova paṭhamataraṃ ābhidhammiko hotīti? Na hoti. Sammāsambuddhova paṭhamataraṃ ābhidhammiko. So hi naṃ mahābodhipallaṅke nisīditvā paṭivijjhi. Buddho hutvā ca pana sattāhaṃ ekapallaṅkena nisinno udānaṃ udānesi –

‘‘Yadā have pātubhavanti dhammā,

Ātāpino jhāyato brāhmaṇassa;

Athassa kaṅkhā vapayanti sabbā,

Yato pajānāti sahetudhammaṃ.

‘‘Yadā have pātubhavanti dhammā,

Ātāpino jhāyato brāhmaṇassa;

Athassa kaṅkhā vapayanti sabbā,

Yato khayaṃ paccayānaṃ avedi.

‘‘Yadā have pātubhavanti dhammā,

Ātāpino jhāyato brāhmaṇassa;

Vidhūpayaṃ tiṭṭhati mārasenaṃ,

Sūriyova obhāsayamantalikkha’’nti. (mahāva. 1-3; udā. 1-3);

Idaṃ paṭhamabuddhavacanaṃ nāma. Dhammapadabhāṇakā pana –

‘‘Anekajātisaṃsāraṃ, sandhāvissaṃ anibbisaṃ;

Gahakāraṃ gavesanto, dukkhā jāti punappunaṃ.

‘‘Gahakāraka diṭṭhosi, puna gehaṃ na kāhasi;

Sabbā te phāsukā bhaggā, gahakūṭaṃ visaṅkhataṃ;

Visaṅkhāragataṃ cittaṃ, taṇhānaṃ khayamajjhagā’’ti. (dha. pa. 153-154);

Idaṃ paṭhamabuddhavacanaṃ nāmāti vadanti.

Yamakasālānamantare nipannena parinibbānasamaye ‘‘handa dāni, bhikkhave, āmantayāmi vo, vayadhammā saṅkhārā, appamādena sampādethā’’ti (dī. ni. 2.218) vuttavacanaṃ pacchimabuddhavacanaṃ nāma.

Ubhinnamantare pañcacattālīsa vassāni pupphadāmaṃ ganthentena viya, ratanāvaliṃ āvunantena viya, ca kathito amatappakāsano saddhammo majjhimabuddhavacanaṃ nāma.