Anuruddhattheravatthu

192. Pañcame dibbacakkhukānaṃ yadidaṃ anuruddhoti dibbacakkhukabhikkhūnaṃ anuruddhatthero aggoti vadati. Tassa ciṇṇavasitāya aggabhāvo veditabbo. Thero kira bhojanapapañcamattaṃ ṭhapetvā sesakālaṃ ālokaṃ vaḍḍhetvā dibbacakkhunā satte olokentova viharati. Iti ahorattaṃ ciṇṇavasitāya esa dibbacakkhukānaṃ aggo nāma jāto. Apica kappasatasahassaṃ patthitabhāvenapesa dibbacakkhukānaṃ aggova jāto.

Tatrassa pañhakamme ayamanupubbikathā – ayampi hi kulaputto padumuttarasseva bhagavato kāle pacchābhattaṃ dhammassavanatthaṃ vihāraṃ gacchantena mahājanena saddhiṃ agamāsi. Ayaṃ hi tadā aññataro apākaṭanāmo issarakuṭumbiko ahosi. So dasabalaṃ vanditvā parisapariyante ṭhito dhammakathaṃ suṇāti. Satthā desanaṃ yathānusandhikaṃ ghaṭetvā ekaṃ dibbacakkhukaṃ bhikkhuṃ etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi.

Tato kuṭumbikassa etadahosi – ‘‘mahā vatāyaṃ bhikkhu, yaṃ evaṃ satthā sayaṃ dibbacakkhukānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. Aho vatāhampi anāgate uppajjanakabuddhassa sāsane dibbacakkhukānaṃ aggo bhaveyya’’nti cittaṃ uppādetvā parisantarena gantvā svātanāya bhagavantaṃ bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ nimantetvā punadivase buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa mahādānaṃ datvā ‘‘mahantaṃ ṭhānantaraṃ mayā patthita’’nti teneva niyāmena ajjatanāya svātanāyāti nimantetvā satta divasāni mahādānaṃ pavattetvā saparivārassa bhagavato uttamavatthāni datvā ‘‘bhagavā nāhaṃ imaṃ sakkāraṃ dibbasampattiyā na manussasampattiyā atthāya karomi. Yaṃ pana tumhe ito sattadivasamatthake bhikkhuṃ dibbacakkhukānaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapayittha, ahampi anāgate ekassa buddhassa sāsane so bhikkhu viya dibbacakkhukānaṃ aggo bhaveyya’’nti patthanaṃ katvā pādamūle nipajji. Satthā anāgataṃ oloketvā tassa patthanāya samijjhanabhāvaṃ ñatvā evamāha – ‘‘ambho purisa, anāgate kappasatasahassapariyosāne gotamo nāma buddho uppajjissati, tassa sāsane tvaṃ dibbacakkhukānaṃ aggo anuruddho nāma bhavissasī’’ti. Evañca pana vatvā bhattānumodanaṃ katvā vihārameva agamāsi.

Kuṭumbikopi yāva buddho dharati, tāva avijahitameva kalyāṇakammaṃ katvā parinibbute satthari niṭṭhite sattayojanike suvaṇṇacetiye bhikkhusaṅghaṃ upasaṅkamitvā, ‘‘bhante, kiṃ dibbacakkhussa parikamma’’nti pucchi. Padīpadānaṃ nāma dātuṃ vaṭṭati upāsakāti. Sādhu, bhante, karissāmīti sahassadīpānaṃyeva tāva dīparukkhānaṃ sahassaṃ kāresi, tadanantaraṃ tato parittatare, tadanantaraṃ tato pariyattatareti anekasahasse dīparukkhe kāresi. Sesapadīpā pana aparimāṇā ahesuṃ.

Evaṃ yāvajīvaṃ kalyāṇakammaṃ katvā devesu ca manussesu ca saṃsaranto kappasatasahassaṃ atikkamitvā kassapasammāsambuddhassa kāle bārāṇasiyaṃ kuṭumbiyagehe nibbattitvā parinibbute satthari niṭṭhite yojanike cetiye bahu kaṃsapātiyo kārāpetvā sappimaṇḍassa pūretvā majjhe ekekaṃ guḷapiṇḍaṃ ṭhapetvā ujjāletvā mukhavaṭṭiyā mukhavaṭṭiṃ phusāpento cetiyaṃ parikkhipāpetvā attano sabbamahantaṃ kaṃsapātiṃ kāretvā sappimaṇḍassa pūretvā tassā mukhavaṭṭiyaṃ samantato vaṭṭisahassaṃ jālāpetvā majjhaṭṭhāne thūpikaṃ pilotikāya veṭhetvā jālāpetvā kaṃsapātiṃ sīsenādāya sabbarattiṃ yojanikaṃ cetiyaṃ anupariyāyi. Evaṃ tenāpi attabhāvena yāvajīvaṃ kalyāṇakammaṃ katvā devaloke nibbatto.

Puna anuppanne buddhe tasmiṃyeva nagare duggatakulassa gehe paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhitvā sumanaseṭṭhiṃ nāma nissāya vasi, annabhārotissa nāmaṃ ahosi. So pana sumanaseṭṭhi devasikaṃ kapaṇaddhikavaṇibbakayācakānaṃ gehadvāre mahādānaṃ deti. Athekadivasaṃ upariṭṭho nāma paccekabuddho gandhamādanapabbate nirodhasamāpattiṃ samāpanno. Tato vuṭṭhāya ‘‘ajja kassa anuggahaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti vīmaṃsi. Paccekabuddhā ca nāma duggatānukampakā honti. So ‘‘ajja mayā annabhārassa anuggahaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti cintetvā ‘‘idāni annabhāro aṭavito attano gehaṃ āgamissatī’’ti ñatvā pattacīvaramādāya gandhamādanapabbatā vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā gāmadvāre annabhārassa sammukhe paccuṭṭhāsi.

Annabhāro paccekabuddhaṃ tucchapattahatthaṃ disvā paccekabuddhaṃ abhivādetvā ‘‘api, bhante, bhikkhaṃ labhitthā’’ti pucchi. Labhissāma mahāpuññāti. ‘‘Bhante, thokaṃ idheva hothā’’ti vegena gantvā attano gehe mātugāmaṃ pucchi – ‘‘bhadde, mayhaṃ ṭhapitaṃ bhāgabhattaṃ atthi, natthī’’ti? Atthi sāmīti. So tatova gantvā paccekabuddhassa hatthato pattamādāya āgantvā ‘‘bhadde, mayaṃ purimabhave kalyāṇakammassa akatattā bhattaṃ paccāsīsamānā viharāma, amhākaṃ dātukāmatāya sati deyyadhammo na hoti, deyyadhamme sati paṭiggāhakaṃ na labhāma, ajja me upariṭṭhapaccekabuddho diṭṭho, bhāgabhattañca atthi, mayhaṃ bhāgabhattaṃ imasmiṃ patte pakkhipāhī’’ti.

Byattā itthī ‘‘yato mayhaṃ sāmiko bhāgabhattaṃ deti, mayāpi imasmiṃ dāne bhāginiyā bhavitabba’’nti attano bhāgabhattampi upariṭṭhassa paccekabuddhassa patte patiṭṭhapetvā adāsi. Annabhāro pattaṃ āharitvā paccekabuddhassa hatthe ṭhapetvā, ‘‘bhante, evarūpā dujjīvitā muccāmā’’ti āha. Evaṃ hotu, mahāpuññāti. So attano uttarasāṭakaṃ ekasmiṃ padese attharitvā, ‘‘bhante, idha nisīditvā paribhuñjathā’’ti āha. Paccekabuddho tattha nisīditvā navavidhaṃ pāṭikūlyaṃ paccavekkhanto paribhuñji. Paribhuttakāle annabhāro pattadhovanaudakaṃ adāsi. Paccekabuddho niṭṭhitabhattakicco –

‘‘Icchitaṃ patthitaṃ tuyhaṃ, sabbameva samijjhatu;

Sabbe pūrentu saṅkappā, cando pannaraso yathā’’ti. –

Anumodanaṃ katvā maggaṃ paṭipajji. Sumanaseṭṭhissa chatte adhivatthā devatā ‘‘aho dānaṃ paramadānaṃ upariṭṭhe suppatiṭṭhita’’nti tikkhattuṃ vatvā sādhukāraṃ adāsi. Sumanaseṭṭhi ‘‘kiṃ tvaṃ maṃ ettakaṃ kālaṃ dānaṃ dadamānaṃ na passasī’’ti āha. Nāhaṃ tava dāne sādhukāraṃ demi, annabhārena upariṭṭhapaccekabuddhassa dinnapiṇḍapāte pasīditvā sādhukāraṃ demīti.

Sumanaseṭṭhi cintesi – ‘‘acchariyaṃ vatidaṃ, ahaṃ ettakaṃ kālaṃ dānaṃ dento devataṃ sādhukāraṃ dāpetuṃ nāsakkhiṃ. Ayaṃ annabhāro maṃ nissāya vasanto anurūpassa paṭiggāhakapuggalassa laddhattā ekapiṇḍapātadāneneva sādhukāraṃ dāpesi, etassa anucchavikaṃ datvā etaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ mama santakaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti annabhāraṃ pakkosāpetvā ‘‘ajja tayā kassaci kiñci dānaṃ dinna’’nti pucchi. Āma, ayya, upariṭṭhapaccekabuddhassa me attano bhāgabhattaṃ dinnanti. Handa, bho, kahāpaṇaṃ gaṇhitvā etaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ mayhaṃ dehīti. Na demi ayyāti. So yāva sahassaṃ vaḍḍhesi, annabhāro ‘‘sahassenāpi na demī’’ti āha. Hotu, bho, yadi piṇḍapātaṃ na desi, sahassaṃ gaṇhitvā pattiṃ me dehīti. ‘‘Etampi dātuṃ yuttaṃ vā ayuttaṃ vā na jānāmi, ayyaṃ pana upariṭṭhapaccekabuddhaṃ pucchitvā sace dātuṃ yuttaṃ bhavissati, dassāmī’’ti gantvā paccekabuddhaṃ sampāpuṇitvā, ‘‘bhante, sumanaseṭṭhi mayhaṃ sahassaṃ datvā tumhākaṃ dinnapiṇḍapāte pattiṃ yācati, dammi vā na dammi vā’’ti. Upamaṃ te paṇḍita karissāmi. Seyyathāpi kulasatike gāme ekasmiṃyeva ghare dīpaṃ jāleyya, sesā attano attano telena vaṭṭiṃ temetvā jālāpetvā gaṇheyyuṃ, purimadīpassa pabhā atthi, natthīti. Atirekatarā, bhante, pabhā hotīti. Evameva paṇḍita uḷuṅkayāgu vā hotu kaṭacchubhikkhā vā, attano piṇḍapāte paresaṃ pattiṃ dentassa satassa vā detu sahassassa vā, yattakānaṃ deti, tattakānaṃ puññaṃ vaḍḍhati. Tvaṃ dento ekameva piṇḍapātaṃ adāsi, sumanaseṭṭhissa pana pattiyā dinnāya dve piṇḍapātā honti eko tava, eko ca tassāti.

So paccekabuddhaṃ abhivādetvā sumanaseṭṭhissa santikaṃ gantvā ‘‘piṇḍapāte pattiṃ gaṇha sāmī’’ti āha. Handa, kahāpaṇasahassaṃ gaṇhāti. Nāhaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ vikkiṇāmi, saddhāya pana tumhākaṃ pattiṃ demīti. Tāta, tvaṃ mayhaṃ saddhāya pattiṃ desi, ahaṃ pana tuyhaṃ guṇaṃ pūjento sahassaṃ demi, gaṇha, tātāti. So ‘‘evaṃ hotū’’ti sahassaṃ gaṇhi. Tāta, tuyhaṃ sahassaṃ laddhakālato paṭṭhāya sahatthā kammakaraṇakiccaṃ natthi, vīthiyaṃ gharaṃ māpetvā vasa. Yena tuyhaṃ attho, taṃ maṃ āharāpetvā gaṇhāhīti. Nirodhasamāpattito vuṭṭhitapaccekabuddhassa dinnapiṇḍapāto nāma taṃdivasameva vipākaṃ deti. Tasmā sumanaseṭṭhi aññaṃ divasaṃ annabhāraṃ gahetvā rājakulaṃ agacchantopi taṃdivasaṃ gahetvāva gato.

Annabhārassa puññaṃ āgamma rājā seṭṭhiṃ anoloketvā annabhārameva olokesi. Kiṃ, deva, imaṃ purisaṃ ativiya olokesīti? Aññaṃ divasaṃ adiṭṭhapubbattā olokemīti. Oloketabbayuttako esa devāti. Ko panassa oloketabbayuttako guṇoti? Ajja attano bhāgabhattaṃ sayaṃ abhuñjitvā upariṭṭhapaccekabuddhassa dinnattā mama hatthato sahassaṃ labhi devāti. Konāmo esoti? Annabhāro nāma devāti. ‘‘Tava hatthato laddhattā mamapi hatthato laddhuṃ arahati, ahampissa pūjaṃ karissāmī’’ti vatvā sahassaṃ adāsi. Etassa vasanagehaṃ jānātha bhaṇeti? Sādhu devāti ekaṃ gehaṭṭhānaṃ sodhentā kuddālena āhatāhataṭṭhāne nidhikumbhiyo gīvāya gīvaṃ āhacca ṭhitā disvā rañño ārocayiṃsu. Rājā ‘‘tena hi gantvā khanathā’’ti āha. Tesaṃ khanantānaṃ khanantānaṃ heṭṭhā gacchanti. Puna gantvā rañño ārocayiṃsu. Rājā ‘‘annabhārassa vacanena khanathā’’ti āha. Te gantvā ‘‘annabhārasseva vacana’’nti khaniṃsu. Kuddālena āhatāhataṭṭhāne ahicchattakamakuḷāni viya kumbhiyo uṭṭhahiṃsu. Te dhanaṃ āharitvā rañño santike rāsiṃ akaṃsu. Rājā amacce sannipātetvā ‘‘imasmiṃ nagare kassa aññassa ettakaṃ dhanaṃ atthī’’ti pucchi. Natthi kassaci devāti. Tena hi ayaṃ annabhāro imasmiṃ nagare dhanaseṭṭhi nāma hotūti. Taṃdivasameva seṭṭhicchattaṃ labhi.

So tato paṭṭhāya yāvajīvaṃ kalyāṇakammaṃ katvā tato cuto devaloke nibbatto. Dīgharattaṃ devamanussesu saṃsaritvā amhākaṃ satthu uppajjanakāle kapilavatthunagare amittodanasakkassa gehe paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi. Nāmaggahaṇadivase panassa anuruddhoti nāmaṃ akaṃsu. Mahānāmasakkassa kaniṭṭhabhātā satthu cūḷapituputto paramasukhumālo mahāpuñño ahosi. Suvaṇṇapātiyaṃyevassa bhattaṃ uppajji. Athassa mātā ekadivasaṃ ‘‘mama puttaṃ natthīti padaṃ jānāpessāmī’’ti ekaṃ suvaṇṇapātiṃ aññāya suvaṇṇapātiyā pidahitvā tucchakaṃyeva pesesi. Antarāmagge devatā dibbapūvehi pūresuṃ. Evaṃ mahāpuñño ahosi. Tiṇṇaṃ utūnaṃ anucchavikesu tīsu pāsādesu alaṅkatanāṭakitthīhi parivuto devo viya sampattiṃ anubhavi.

Amhākampi bodhisatto tasmiṃ samaye tusitapurā cavitvā suddhodanamahārājassa aggamahesiyā kucchismiṃ paṭisandhiṃ gahetvā anukkamena vuddhippatto ekūnatiṃsa vassāni agāramajjhe vasitvā mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhamitvā anukkamena paṭividdhasabbaññutaññāṇo bodhimaṇḍe sattasattāhaṃ vītināmetvā isipatane migadāye dhammacakkappattanaṃ pavattetvā lokānuggahaṃ karonto rājagahaṃ āgamma ‘‘putto me rājagahaṃ āgato’’ti sutvā ‘‘gacchatha bhaṇe mama puttaṃ ānethā’’ti pitarā pahite sahassasahassaparivāre dasa amacce ehibhikkhupabbajjāya pabbājetvā kāḷudāyittherena cārikāgamanaṃ āyācito rājagahato vīsatisahassabhikkhuparivāro nikkhamitvā kapilavatthupuraṃ gantvā ñātisamāgame anekehi iddhipāṭihāriyehi sappāṭihāriyaṃ vicitradhammadesanaṃ katvā mahājanaṃ amatapānaṃ pāyetvā dutiyadivase pattacīvaramādāya nagaradvāre ṭhatvā ‘‘kiṃ nu kho kulanagaraṃ āgatānaṃ sabbaññubuddhānaṃ āciṇṇa’’nti āvajjamāno ‘‘sapadānaṃ piṇḍāya caraṇaṃ āciṇṇa’’nti ñatvā sapadānaṃ piṇḍāya caranto ‘‘putto me piṇḍāya caratī’’ti sutvā āgatassa rañño dhammaṃ kathetvā tena sakanivesanaṃ pavesetvā katasakkārasammāno tattha kātabbaṃ ñātijanānuggahaṃ katvā rāhulakumāraṃ pabbājetvā nacirasseva kapilavatthupurato mallaraṭṭhe cārikaṃ caramāno anupiyaambavanaṃ agamāsi.

Tasmiṃ samaye suddhodanamahārājā sākiyajanaṃ sannipātetvā āha – ‘‘sace mama putto agāraṃ ajjhāvasissa, rājā abhavissa cakkavattī sattaratanasamannāgato. Nattāpi me rāhulakumāro khattiyagaṇena saddhiṃ taṃ parivāretvā acarissa, tumhepi etamatthaṃ jānātha. Idāni pana me putto buddho jāto, khattiyāvassa parivārā hontu. Tumhe ekekakulato ekekaṃ dārakaṃ dethā’’ti. Evaṃ vutte ekappahāreneva sahassakhattiyakumārā pabbajiṃsu. Tasmiṃ samaye mahānāmo kuṭumbasāmiko hoti. So anuruddhasakkaṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca – ‘‘etarahi, tāta anuruddha, abhiññātā abhiññātā sakyakumārā bhagavantaṃ pabbajitaṃ anupabbajanti, amhākaṃ kule natthi koci agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito. Tena hi tvaṃ vā pabbaja, ahaṃ vā pabbajissāmī’’ti. So tassa vacanaṃ sutvā gharāvāse ruciṃ akatvā attasattamo agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito. Tassa pabbajjānukkamo saṅghabhedakakkhandhake (cūḷava. 330 ādayo) āgatova.

Evaṃ anupiyaambavanaṃ gantvā pabbajitesu pana tesu tasmiṃyeva antovasse bhaddiyatthero arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Anuruddhatthero dibbacakkhuṃ nibbattesi, devadatto aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbattesi, ānandatthero sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāsi, bhagutthero ca kimilatthero ca pacchā arahattaṃ pāpuṇiṃsu. Tesaṃ pana sabbesampi therānaṃ attano attano āgataṭṭhāne pubbapatthanābhinīhāro āgamissati. Ayaṃ pana anuruddhatthero dhammasenāpatissa santike kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā cetiyaraṭṭhe pācīnavaṃsamigadāyaṃ gantvā samaṇadhammaṃ karonto satta mahāpurisavitakke vitakkesi, aṭṭhame kilamati. Satthā ‘‘anuruddho aṭṭhame mahāpurisavitakke kilamatī’’ti ñatvā ‘‘tassa saṅkappaṃ pūressāmī’’ti tattha gantvā paññattavarabuddhāsane nisinno aṭṭhamaṃ mahāpurisavitakkaṃ pūretvā catupaccayasantosabhāvanārāmapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ mahāariyavaṃsapaṭipadaṃ (a. ni. 8.30) kathetvā ākāse uppatitvā bhesakalāvanameva gato.

Thero tathāgate gatamatteyeva tevijjo mahākhīṇāsavo hutvā ‘‘satthā mayhaṃ manaṃ jānitvā āgantvā aṭṭhamaṃ mahāpurisavitakkaṃ pūretvā adāsi. So ca me manoratho matthakaṃ patto’’ti buddhānaṃ dhammadesanaṃ attano ca paṭividdhadhammaṃ ārabbha imā gāthā abhāsi –

‘‘Mama saṅkappamaññāya, satthā loke anuttaro;

Manomayena kāyena, iddhiyā upasaṅkami.

‘‘Yathā me ahu saṅkappo, tato uttari desayi;

Nippapañcarato buddho, nippapañcamadesayi.

‘‘Tassāhaṃ dhammamaññāya, vihāsiṃ sāsane rato;

Tisso vijjā anuppatto, kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti. (theragā. 901-903);

Atha naṃ aparabhāge satthā jetavanamahāvihāre viharanto ‘‘mama sāsane dibbacakkhukānaṃ anuruddho aggo’’ti aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi.