Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa.

Visuddhimagga nidānakathā

Visuddhimaggo nāmāyaṃ gantho piṭakattayasārabhūto sakalaloke paṭipattidīpakaganthānaṃ aggo hoti seṭṭho pamukho pāmokkho uttamo pavaro cāti viññūhi pasattho. Tattha hi saṅgītittayārūḷhassa tepiṭakabuddhavacanassa atthaṃ saṃkhipitvā sikkhattayasaṅgahitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ pakāsitaṃ suvisadañca. Evaṃ pasatthassetassa visuddhimaggassa nidānakathāyapi bhavitabbameva. Tasmādāni tampakāsanatthamidaṃ pañhakammaṃ vuccati –

‘‘So panesa visuddhimaggo kena kato, kadā kato, kattha kato, kasmā kato, kimatthaṃ kato, kiṃ nissāya kato, kena pakārena kato, kissa sakalaloke patthaṭo’’ti.

Tattha kena katoti ācariyabuddhaghosattheravarena tepiṭakasaṅgahaṭṭhakathākārena kato.

Kadā katoti amhākaṃ bhagavato sammāsambuddhassa sakalalokanāthassa parinibbutikālato pacchā dasame vassasatake (973 -buddhavasse) kato.

Kattha katoti sīhaḷadīpe anurādhapure mahāvihāre kato.

Kasmā katoti visuddhikāmānaṃ sādhujanānaṃ tadadhigamupāyaṃ sammāpaṭipattinayaṃ ñāpetukāmatāsaṅkhātena attano ajjhāsayena sañcoditattā, saṅghapālattherena ca ajjhesitattā kato.

Ettha pana ṭhatvā ācariyabuddhaghosattherassa uppatti kathetabbā, sā ca mahāvaṃse (cūḷavaṃsotipi voharite dutiyabhāge) sattatiṃsamaparicchede pannarasādhikadvisatagāthāto (37, 215) paṭṭhāya bāttiṃsāya gāthāhi pakāsitāyeva. Kathaṃ? –

Mahāvaṃsa-buddhaghosakathā

215. Bodhimaṇḍasamīpamhi, jāto brāhmaṇamāṇavo;

Vijjā-sippa-kalā-vedī, tīsu vedesu pāragū.

216. Sammā viññātasamayo, sabbavādavisārado;

Vādatthī jambudīpamhi, āhiṇḍanto pavādiko.

217. Vihārameka’māgamma, rattiṃ pātañjalīmataṃ;

Parivatteti sampuṇṇa-padaṃ suparimaṇḍalaṃ.

218. Tattheko revato nāma, mahāthero vijāniya;

‘‘Mahāpañño ayaṃ satto, dametuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti, so.

219. ‘‘Ko nu gadrabharāvena, viravanto’’ti abravi;

‘‘Gadrabhānaṃ rave atthaṃ, kiṃ jānāsī’’ti āha taṃ.

220. ‘‘Ahaṃ jāne’’ti vutto so, otāresi sakaṃ mataṃ;

Puṭṭhaṃ puṭṭhaṃ viyākāsi, viraddhampi ca dassayi.

221. ‘‘Tena hi tvaṃ sakaṃ vāda-motārehī’’ti codito;

Pāḷi’māhā’bhidhammassa, attha’massa na so’dhigā.

222. Āha‘‘kasse’sa manto’’ti,‘‘buddhamanto’’ti so’bravi;

‘‘Dehi metaṃ’’ti vutte hi, ‘‘gaṇha pabbajja taṃ’’iti.

223. Mantatthī pabbajitvā so, uggaṇhi piṭakattayaṃ;

Ekāyano ayaṃ maggo, iti pacchā ta’maggahi.

224. Buddhassa viya gambhīra-ghosattā naṃ viyākaruṃ;

Buddhaghosoti ghoso hi, buddho viya mahītale.

225. Tattha ñāṇodayaṃ [ñāṇodayaṃ nāmapakaraṇaṃ idāni kuhiñcipi na dissati;] nāma, katvā pakaraṇaṃ tadā;

Dhammasaṅgaṇiyākāsi, kacchaṃ so aṭṭhasāliniṃ [idāni dissamānā pana aṭṭhasālinī sīhaḷadīpikāyeva; na jambudīpikā; parato (54-55 piṭṭhesu) esa āvibhavissati].

226. Parittaṭṭhakathañceva [parittaṭṭhakathanti piṭakattayassa saṅkhepato atthavaṇṇanābhūtā khuddakaṭṭhakathāti adhippetā bhavesu], kātuṃ ārabhi buddhimā;

Taṃ disvā revato thero, idaṃ vacanamabravi.

227. ‘‘Pāḷimattaṃ idhānītaṃ, natthi aṭṭhakathā idha [ettha sagībhittayārūḷhā moggaliputtatissattherassa santikā uggahitā sissānusissaparamparātatā mūlaṭṭhakathā kasmā jambudīpe sabbaso antarahitāti vimaṃsitabbaṃ];

Tathācariyavādā ca, bhinnarūpā na vijjare.

228. Sīhaḷaṭṭhakathā suddhā, mahindena matīmatā;

Saṅgītittayamārūḷhaṃ, sammāsambuddhadesitaṃ.

229. Sāriputtādigītañca, kathāmaggaṃ samekkhiya;

Katā sīhaḷabhāsāya, sīhaḷesu pavattati.

230. Taṃ tattha gantvā sutvā tvaṃ, māgadhānaṃ niruttiyā;

Parivattehi, sā hoti, sabbalokahitāvahā’’.

231. Evaṃ vutte pasanno so, nikkhamitvā tato imaṃ;

Dīpaṃ āgā imasseva [idassevāti imasseva mahānāmarañño kāle 953-975 buddhavasse; ayañca vassaparicchedo sīhaḷarājavaṃsaṃ nissāya dassito; yuropiyavicakkhaṇānaṃ pana matena 941-964 buddhavasse iti veditabbo; evamuparipi;], rañño kāle mahāmati.

232. Mahāvihāraṃ sampatto, vihāraṃ sabbasādhunaṃ;

Mahāpadhānagharaṃ gantvā, saṅghapālassa santikā.

233. Sīhaḷaṭṭhakathaṃ sutvā, theravādañca sabbaso;

‘‘Dhammassāmissa esova, adhippāyo’’ti nicchiya.

234. Tattha saṅghaṃ samānetvā, ‘‘kātuṃ aṭṭhakathaṃ mama;

Potthake detha sabbe’’ti, āha, vīmaṃsituṃ sa taṃ.

235. Saṅgho gāthādvayaṃ tassā’dāsi ‘‘sāmatthiyaṃ tava;

Ettha dassehi, taṃ disvā, sabbe demāti potthake’’ [234-5 gāthāsu ayamatthayojanā– ‘‘tattha mahāvihāre saṃghaṃ mahānetvā saṃgha sannipātaṃ kāretvā ācariyapubbaddhaghoso evamāha ‘aṭṭhakathaṃ kātuṃ sabbe pāḷi-aṭṭhakathā-potthake mama dethā’ti; so saṃgho taṃ vīmaṃsituṃ saṃyuttanikāyato ‘antojaṭā’tiādikaṃ ca ‘sīle patiṭṭhāyā’tiādikaṃ cāti gāthādvayaṃ tassa adāsi ‘ettha tava sāmatthiyaṃ ñāṇappabhāvaṃ dasseti; taṃ disvā sabbe potthake demā’tivatvā’’ti; iminā pana ayamatthā dassito hoti ‘‘ācariya buddhaghoso visuddhimaggaṃ karonto tadeva gāthādvayaṃ oloketvā, kiñcipi aññaṃ potthakaṃ anoloketvā akāsī’’ti; tassa panatthassa yuttāyuttavicāraṇā parato (39-49-piṭṭhesu) āgamissati].

236. Piṭakattaya’mettheva, saddhiṃ aṭṭhakathāya so;

Visuddhimaggaṃ nāmā’kā, saṅgahetvā samāsato.

237. Tato saṅghaṃ samūhetvā, sambuddhamatakovidaṃ;

Mahābodhisamīpamhi, so taṃ vācetu mārabhi.

238. Devatā tassa nepuññaṃ, pakāsetuṃ mahājane;

Chādesuṃ potthakaṃ sopi, dvattikkhattumpi taṃ akā [238 gāthāya ayamattho– ‘‘devatā tassa buddhaghosassa nepuññaṃ nipuṇaññāppasāvaṃ mahājanassa pakāsetuṃ tena likhitaṃ visuddhimaggapotthakaṃ chādesuṃ paṭicchādetvā apassiyabhāvaṃ pāpetvā ṭhapesuṃ; sopi buddhaghoso dutiyampi taṃ likhi, tampi devatā chadesuṃ; tatiyampi likhī’’ti; tena vuttaṃ ‘‘dvattikkhattumpi taṃ akā’’ti; idameva mahāvaṃsavacanaṃ nissāya vittāretvā kathitāya buddhaghosuppattiyā nāma kathāla ekaratteneva visuddhimaggassa tikkhattumpi likhitvā niṭṭhāpitabhāvo pakāsito; īdisī pana kathā bahūnaṃ vimhayajananīpi parikkhakānaṃ saṃsayajananī hoti; tasmā imissāpi vicāraṇā parato (47-8-piṭṭhesu) dassiyissati].

239. Vācetuṃ tatiye vāre, potthake samudāhaṭe;

Potthakadvaya’maññampi, saṇṭhapesuṃ tahiṃ marū.

240. Vācayiṃsu tadā bhikkhū, potthakattaya’mekato;

Ganthato atthato vāpi, pubbāparavasena vā.

241. Theravādehi pāḷīhi, padehi byañjanehi vā;

Aññathattamahū neva, potthakesupi tīsupi.

242. Atha ugghosayī saṅgho, tuṭṭhahaṭṭho visesato;

Nissaṃsayaṃ’sa metteyyo, iti vatvā punappunaṃ.

243. Saddhiṃ aṭṭhakathāyā’dā, potthake piṭakattaye;

Ganthākare vasanto so, vihāre dūrasaṅkare.

244. Parivattesi sabbāpi, sīhaḷaṭṭhakathā tadā;

Sabbesaṃ mūlabhāsāya, māgadhāya niruttiyā.

245. Sattānaṃ sabbabhāsānaṃ, sā ahosi hitāvahā;

Theriyācariyā sabbe, pāḷiṃ viya ta’maggahuṃ.

246. Atha kattabbakiccesu, gatesu pariniṭṭhitiṃ;

Vandituṃ so mahābodhiṃ, jambudīpaṃ upāgamī’’ti [so mahābodhi vandituṃ jambudīpaṃ upāgamīti idaṃ vacanaṃ purimavacanehi asaṃsaṭṭhaṃ viya hoti; pubbe hi ‘‘ācariyabuddhaghoso bodhimaṇḍasamīpe jāto’’ti ca, ‘‘sīhaḷadīpaṃ gantvā sīhaḷaṭṭhakathāyo māgadhabhāsāya parivattehīti tassācariyena revatattherena vutto’’ti ca vuttaṃ; tasmā idhāpi ācariyabuddhaghosassa pavatti tadanurūpā ‘‘tā bhāsāparivattitaṭṭhakathāyo ādāya sāsanujjotanatthaṃ jambudīpaṃ upāgamī’’ti evamādinā sāsanujjotanamūlikā eva bhavituṃ arahati, na pana mahābodhivandanamūlikāti].

Ayañca pana mahāvaṃsakathā 1950 - kharistavasse hābadamahāvijjālayamuddaṇayante romakkharena mudditassa visuddhimaggapotthakassa purecārikakathāyaṃ ‘‘anekānettha atthi vicāretabbānī’’ti vatvā dhammānandakosambīnāmakena vicakkhaṇena vicāritā. Tamettha yuttāyuttavicinanāya dassetvā anuvicāraṇampissa karissāma.

Jātidesavicāraṇā

1. Tattha hi tena dhammānandena ‘‘buddhaghoso bodhimaṇḍasamīpe (buddhagayāyaṃ) jātoti na yuttameta’’nti vatvā taṃsādhanatthāya cattāri byatirekakāraṇāni dassitāni. Kathaṃ?

(Ka) ‘‘buddhaghosena pakāsitesu taṃkālikavatthūsu ekampi taṃ natthi, yaṃ magadhesu uppanna’’nti paṭhamaṃ kāraṇaṃ dassitaṃ. Tadakāraṇameva. Ācariyabuddhaghosatthero hi saṅgahaṭṭhakathāyo karonto porāṇaṭṭhakathāyoyeva saṃkhipitvā, bhāsāparivattanamattena ca visesetvā akāsi, na pana yaṃ vā taṃ vā attano diṭṭhasutaṃ dassetvā. Vuttañhetaṃ ācariyena –

‘‘Saṃvaṇṇanaṃ tañca samārabhanto,

Tassā mahāaṭṭhakathaṃ sarīraṃ;

Katvā mahāpaccariyaṃ tatheva,

Kurundināmādisu vissutāsu.

Vinicchayo aṭṭhakathāsu vutto,

Yo yuttamatthaṃ apariccajanto;

Athopi antogadhatheravādaṃ,

Saṃvaṇṇanaṃ samma samārabhissa’’nti [pārā. aṭṭha. 1.ganthārambhakathā] ca.

‘‘Tato ca bhāsantarameva hitvā,

Vitthāramaggañca samāsayitvā;

Vinicchayaṃ sabbamasesayitvā,

Tantikkamaṃ kiñci avokkamitvā.

Suttantikānaṃ vacanānamatthaṃ,

Suttānurūpaṃ paridīpayantī;

Yasmā ayaṃ hessati vaṇṇanāpi,

Sakkacca tasmā anusikkhitabbā’’ti [pārā. aṭṭha. 1.ganthārambhakathā] ca.

Yatheva ca ācariyabuddhaghosena attano aṭṭhakathāsu taṃkālikāni māgadhikāni vatthūni na pakāsitāni, tatheva sīhaḷikānipi dakkhiṇaindiyaraṭṭhikānipi. Na hi tattha vasabharājakālato (609-653 -buddhavassa) pacchā uppannavatthūni diṭṭhāni ṭhapetvā mahāsenarājavatthuṃ [pārā. aṭṭha. 2.236-237], ācariyo ca tato tisatamattavassehi pacchātare mahānāmarañño kāle (953-975-bu-va) sīhaḷadīpamupāgato. Tasmā aṭṭhakathāsu taṃkālikamāgadhikavatthūnaṃ appakāsanamattena na sakkā takkattā na māgadhikoti ñātunti.

[Kha) punapi tena ‘‘sabbesupi buddhaghosaganthesu uttaraindiyadesāyattaṃ paccakkhato diṭṭhassa viya pakāsanaṃ natthī’’ti dutiyaṃ kāraṇaṃ dassitaṃ. Tassapi akāraṇabhāvo purimavacaneneva veditabbo. Apica sāratthappakāsiniyā nāma saṃyuttaṭṭhakathāyaṃ, sumaṅgalavilāsiniyā nāma dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāyañca vuttasaṃvaṇṇanāyapi veditabbo. Tattha hi –

‘‘Yatheva hi kalambanadītīrato rājamātuvihāradvārena thūpārāmaṃ gantabbaṃ hoti, evaṃ hiraññavatikāya nāma nadiyā pārimatīrato sālavanaṃ uyyānaṃ. Yathā anurādhapurassa thūpārāmo, evaṃ taṃ kusinārāya hoti. Thūpārāmato dakkhiṇadvārena nagaraṃ pavisanamaggo pācīnamukho gantvā uttarena nivattati, evaṃ uyyānato sālapanti pācīnamukhā gantvā uttarena nivattā. Tasmā taṃ upavattananti vuccatī’’ti [saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 1.1.186; dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.198] –

Paccakkhato diṭṭhassa viya pakāsanampi dissateva. Tampi pana porāṇaṭṭhakathāhi bhāsāparivattanamattamevāti gahetabbaṃ, tādisāya atthasaṃvaṇṇanāya mahāmahindattherakālatoyeva pabhuti vuttāya eva bhavitabbattāti.

[Ga) punapi tena ‘‘uṇhassāti aggisantāpassa, tassa vanadāhādīsu sambhavo veditabbo’’ti visuddhimagge (1, 30-piṭṭhe) vuttasaṃvaṇṇanaṃ pakāsetvā ‘‘tassā panassa avahasanīyabhāvo pākaṭoyevā’’ti ca hīḷetvā ‘‘indiyaraṭṭhe pana uttaradesesu gimhakāle vatthacchādanarahitā mānusakāyacchavi sūriyasantāpena ekaṃsato dayhati, taṃ na jānanti dakkhiṇaindiyadesikā’’ti tatiyaṃ kāraṇaṃ daḷhatarabhāvena dassitaṃ. Tattha pana yadi ‘‘sūriyasantāpena ekaṃsato dayhatī’’ti etaṃ ujukato sūriyarasmisantāpeneva daḍḍhabhāvaṃ sandhāya vucceyya, evaṃ sati ḍaṃsamakasavātātapasarīsapasamphassānanti pade ātapasaddena samānatthattā na yuttameva. Yadi pana sūriyasantāpasañjātena uṇhautunā daḍḍhabhāvaṃ sandhāya vucceyya, evaṃ sati uttaraindiyadesesu, aññattha ca tādisesu atiuṇhaṭṭhānesu sūriyasantāpasañjātassa uṇhautuno paṭighātāya cīvaraṃ senāsanañca paṭisevīyatīti ayamattho na na yutto. Tathā hi vuttaṃ vinayaṭṭhakathāyaṃ (3, 58)

‘‘Sītaṃ uṇhanti utuvisabhāgavasena vutta’’nti.

Sā pana visuddhimagge padatthasaṃvaṇṇanā porāṇasuttantaṭṭhakathāhi āgatā bhaveyya. Tathā hi vuttaṃ papañcasūdaniyā nāma majjhimanikāyaṭṭhakathāya sabbāsavasuttavaṇṇanāyaṃ (1, 58) ‘‘uṇhanti cettha aggisantāpova veditabbo, sūriyasantāpavasena panetaṃ vatthu vutta’’nti. Ettha ca sacāyamattho ācariyena attano mativasena vutto assa, tassa vatthussa porāṇaṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttabhāvañca tassā atthasaṃvaṇṇanāya attano matibhāvañca yuttabhāvañca pakāseyya. Ācariyo hi yattha yattha porāṇaṭṭhakathāsu avuttatthaṃ visesetvā dasseti, tattha tattha tādisaṃ ñāpakavacanampi pakāsetiyeva, yathā sumaṅgalavilāsiniyaṃ (1, 72) ‘‘ettha āṇattiyanissaggiyathāvarāpi payogā yujjanti, aṭṭhakathāsu pana anāgatattā vīmaṃsitvā gahetabbā’’ti vacanaṃ, yathā ca papañcasūdaniyaṃ (1, 30) ‘‘avicāritametaṃ porāṇehi, ayaṃ pana attano matī’’ti vacanaṃ. Na cettha kiñcipi ñāpakavacanaṃ pakāsitaṃ. Tasmā ‘‘yadetaṃ ‘uṇhassāti aggisantāpassā’ti ca, ‘uṇhanti cettha aggisantāpova veditabbo’ti ca vacanaṃ, etaṃ porāṇasuttantaṭṭhakathāvacana’’nti veditabbanti.

(Gha) punapi tena ‘‘papañcasūdaniyā nāma majjhimanikāyaṭṭhakathāyaṃ gopālakasuttaṃ saṃvaṇṇento [ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.350] buddhaghoso ‘magadhavideharaṭṭhānaṃ antare gaṅgāya nadiyā majjhe vālukatthaladīpakā atthī’ti saddahati maññe. Buddhaghosena pana diṭṭhagaṅgā sīhaḷadīpe mahāveligaṅgāyeva, na pana indiyaraṭṭhikānaṃ seṭṭhasammatā mahāgaṅgāti pākaṭoyevāyamattho’’ti catutthaṃ kāraṇaṃ dassitaṃ. Taṃ pana idāni mahāgaṅgāya majjhe tasmiṃ ṭhāne tādisaṃ dīpakaṃ adisvā ‘‘pubbepi evameva bhaveyyā’’ti ekaṃsato gahetvā vuttavacanamattameva. Nadiyo pana sabbadāpi tenevākārena tiṭṭhantīti na sakkā gahetunti pākaṭoyevāyamattho. Tasmā yathā pubbe tassa gopālassa kāle tasmiṃ ṭhāne majjhe gaṅgāya tādisā dīpakā saṃvijjamānā ahesuṃ, tatheva porāṇaṭṭhakathāsu esa attho saṃvaṇṇito, tadeva ca vacanaṃ ācariyena bhāsāparivattanaṃ katvā pakāsitanti evameva gahetabbaṃ. Tasmā tampi akāraṇamevāti.

Brāhmaṇakulavicāraṇā

2. Atha ‘‘brāhmaṇamāṇavo’’ti padampi tena evaṃ vicāritaṃ –

(Ka) ‘‘buddhaghoso ‘brāhmaṇakulajāto’ti na sakkā gahetuṃ. Kasmā vedakālato paṭṭhāya yāvajjatanā sabbepi brāhmaṇā

Brāhmaṇosya mukhamāsīdi, bāhū rājanya? Kata?;

Ūrū tadasya yada vagya?, Padbhyāṃ gūdro ajāyatā’’ti [iruveda, 10-maṇḍala, 90; tathā athava 6 veda 19, 6, 6].

Imaṃ purisasuttaṃ nāma mantaṃ jānantīti saddahiyā.

Ayaṃ panassā attho – ‘brāhmaṇo assa (brahmuno) mukhaṃ āsi. Bāhū rājañño kato, khattiyā assa bāhūti vuttaṃ hoti. Yo vesso, so assa ūrū. Suddo assa pādehi ajāyī’ti.

Buddhaghoso pana ‘paṇḍitabrāhmaṇo’ti ñātopi taṃ gāthaṃ na aññāsi. Tathā hi tena bandhupādāpaccāti padassa atthavaṇṇanāyaṃ ‘tesaṃ kira ayaṃ laddhi – brāhmaṇā brahmuno mukhato nikkhantā, khattiyā urato, vessā nābhito, suddā jāṇuto, samaṇā piṭṭhipādato’ti [dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.263; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.508] tissā vedagāthāya asamānattho vaṇṇito’’ti.

Ayaṃ panettha anuvicāraṇā – yadi ca taṃkālikānampi brāhmaṇānaṃ laddhi tatheva bhaveyya yathā etissaṃ gāthāyaṃ vuttā, sā catthavaṇṇanā ācariyassa matimattā. Evaṃ sati sā vicāraṇā yuttā bhaveyya. Etissaṃ pana gāthāyaṃ ‘‘brāhmaṇosya mukhamāsīdi’’ti paṭhamapādena ‘‘brāhmaṇā brahmuno mukhato jātā’’ti attho ujukato na labbhati. Buddhakāle pana brāhmaṇānaṃ laddhi ‘‘brāhmaṇā brahmuno mukhato jātā’’ti evameva ahosīti pākaṭoyevāyamattho. Tathā hi dīghanikāye pāthikavagge aggaññasutte (3, 67) –

‘‘Dissanti kho pana vāseṭṭha brāhmaṇānaṃ brāhmaṇiyo utuniyopi gabbhiniyopi vijāyamānāpi pāyamānāpi. Te ca brāhmaṇā 0 yonijāva samānā evamāhaṃsu – brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīnā aññe vaṇṇā. Brāhmaṇova sukko vaṇṇo, kaṇhā aññe vaṇṇā. Brāhmaṇāva sujjhanti, no abrāhmaṇā. Brāhmaṇāva brahmuno puttā orasā mukhato jātā brahmajā brahmanimmitā brahmadāyādāti. Te brahmānañceva abbhācikkhanti, musā ca bhāsanti, bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavantī’’ti –

Bhagavatā mahākāruṇikena vāseṭṭhabhāradvājānaṃ brāhmaṇamāṇavakānaṃ bhāsitaṃ, tehi ca taṃ abhinanditaṃ. Te pana dvepi māṇavakā jātivasena parisuddhabrāhmaṇā ceva honti tiṇṇampi vedānaṃ pāraguno ca. Tasmā ‘‘brāhmaṇā brahmuno mukhato nikkhantā’’ti vacanassa taṃkālikānaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ laddhivasena vuttabhāvo pākaṭoyeva. Yathā cetaṃ, evaṃ ‘‘khattiyā urato, vessā nābhito, suddā jāṇuto, samaṇā piṭṭhipādato’’ti vacanampi ‘‘taṃkālikabrāhmaṇānaṃ laddhiññūhi porāṇaṭṭhakathācariyehi vutta’’nti saddahitvā ācariyabuddhaghosena taṃ sabbaṃ porāṇaṭṭhakathāto bhāsāparivattanamattena visesetvā pakāsitaṃ bhaveyya. Tasmā tāyapi vedagāthāya ācariyassa abrāhmaṇabhāvasādhanaṃ anupapannamevāti.

(Kha) punapi tena ācariyabuddhaghosattherassa abrāhmaṇabhāvasādhanatthaṃ dutiyampi kāraṇaṃ evamāhaṭaṃ –

‘‘Brāhmaṇaganthesu gabbhaghātavācakaṃ bhrūnahāti padaṃ pāḷiyaṃ bhūnahu (bhūnahano) iti dissati. Māgaṇḍiyasutte bhariyāya methunasaṃvāsābhāvena uppajjanārahagabbhassa nāsakattaṃ sandhāya māgaṇḍiyo paribbājako bhagavantaṃ ‘bhūnahu (bhūnahano) samaṇo gotamo’ti [ma. ni. 2.207 ādayo] āha. Taṃ buddhaghoso na jānātīti pākaṭoyeva tadatthasaṃvaṇṇanāya. Tattha hi tena bhūnahunoti (bhūnahanassā) padaṃ ‘hatavaḍḍhino mariyādakārakassā’ti [ma. ni. aṭṭha. 2.207] vaṇṇita’’nti.

Tampi ayuttameva. Na hi māgaṇḍiyena phoṭṭhabbārammaṇāparibhogamattameva sandhāya bhūnahubhāvo vutto, atha kho channampi lokāmisārammaṇānaṃ aparibhogaṃ sandhāya vutto. Tasmiñhi sutte –

‘‘Cakkhuṃ kho māgaṇḍiya rūpārāmaṃ rūparataṃ rūpasammuditaṃ, taṃ tathāgatassa dantaṃ guttaṃ rakkhitaṃ saṃvutaṃ, tassa ca saṃvarāya dhammaṃ deseti, idaṃ nu te etaṃ māgaṇḍiya sandhāya bhāsitaṃ ‘bhūnahu samaṇo gotamo’ti. Etadeva kho pana me bho gotama sandhāya bhāsitaṃ ‘bhūnahu samaṇo gotamo’ti. Taṃ kissa hetu, evañhi no sutte ocaratīti…pe… mano kho māgaṇḍiya dhammārāmo dhammarato dhammasammudito, so tathāgatassa danto gutto rakkhito saṃvuto, tassa ca saṃvarāya dhammaṃ deseti, idaṃ nu te etaṃ māgaṇḍiya sandhāya bhāsitaṃ ‘bhūnahu samaṇo gotamo’ti. Etadeva kho pana me bho gotama sandhāya bhāsitaṃ ‘bhūnahu samaṇo gotamo’ti. Taṃ kissa hetu, evañhi no sutte ocaratī’’ti [ma. ni. 2.207 ādayo].

Evaṃ bhagavato ca anuyogo māgaṇḍiyassa ca paṭiññā āgatā.

Ettha hi methunappaṭisevanavasena phoṭṭhabbārammaṇaparibhogahetu eva gabbhapatiṭṭhānaṃ sambhavatīti tadaparibhogameva sandhāya ‘‘bhūnahū’’ti vattuṃ arahati, tadaññesaṃ pana pañcannaṃ rūpādiārammaṇānaṃ, tatthāpi visesato dhammārammaṇassa suddhamanoviññāṇena paribhogahetu natthi kiñci gabbhapatiṭṭhānanti tesaṃ aparibhogaṃ sandhāya bhūnahūti vattuṃ na arahatiyeva, māgaṇḍiyena pana sabbānipi tāni sandhāya vuttabhāvo paṭiññāto, kāraṇañcassa dassitaṃ ‘‘evañhi no sutte ocaratī’’ti. Tasmā kiñcāpi dāni brāhmaṇaganthesu bhūnahu- (bhrūnahā) saddo gabbhaghātanatthe dissati, māgaṇḍiyasutte paneso attho na yujjatīti ācariyena ‘‘hatavaḍḍhi mariyādakārako’’ti ayamevattho porāṇaṭṭhakathāya bhāsāparivattanavasena pakāsitoti veditabbo.

(Ga) punapi tena ‘‘idampana buddhaghosassa abrāhmaṇabhāvasādhakaṃ pacchimakāraṇaṃ, so hi visuddhimagge sīlaniddese (1, 31) brāhmaṇānaṃ parihāsaṃ karonto ‘evaṃ iminā piṇḍapātapaṭisevanena purāṇañca jighacchāvedanaṃ paṭihaṅkhāmi, navañca vedanaṃ aparimitabhojanapaccayaṃ āharahatthaka alaṃsāṭaka tatravaṭṭaka kākamāsaka bhuttavamitakabrāhmaṇānaṃ aññataro viya na uppādessāmīti paṭisevatī’ti āha. Idaṃ pana ekassa bhinnabrāhmaṇaladdhikassāpi vacanaṃ siyāti tadeva daḷhakāraṇaṃ katvā na sakkā ‘buddhaghoso abrāhmaṇo’ti vattu’’nti tatiyaṃ kāraṇaṃ vuttaṃ. Taṃ pana atisaṃvejanīyavacanameva. Na hetaṃ ācariyena brāhmaṇānaṃ parihāsaṃ kātukāmena vuttaṃ, na ca taṃ parihāsavacanena saṃyojetabbaṭṭhānaṃ, aññadatthu yathābhūtamatthaṃ dassetvā sabrahmacārīnaṃ ovādānusāsanidānavasena vattabbaṭṭhānaṃ, tathāyeva ca ācariyena vuttaṃ. Tathā hi ye loke paradattūpajīvino samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā aññe vāpi ca puggalā, te paccavekkhaṇañāṇarahitā asaṃvare ṭhitā kadāci atipaṇītaṃ rasaṃ pahūtaṃ laddhā aparimitampi bhuñjeyyuṃ, visesato pana brāhmaṇā lokikavatthuvasena ca, jātakādisāsanikavatthuvasena ca tādisā ahesunti pākaṭā. Imasmiñhi loke vassasatasahassehi vā vassakoṭīhi vā aparicchinnaddhāne ko sakkā vattuṃ ‘‘nedisā bhūtapubbā’’ti. Tasmā tādisehi viya na aparimitabhojanehi bhavitabbanti ovādānusāsanidānavaseneva vuttaṃ. Tadevaṃ atthasaṃhitampi samānaṃ ayonisomanasikaroto anatthameva jātaṃ, yathā sabhariyassa māgaṇḍiyabrāhmaṇassa anāgāmimaggaphalatthāyapi desitā gāthā [dha. pa. aṭṭha. 1.sāmāvatīvatthu] tesaṃ dhītuyā anatthāya saṃvattatīti saṃvegoyevettha brūhetabboti.

Patañjalivādavicāraṇā

3. Atha tena ‘‘pātañjalīmataṃ parivattetī’’ti vacanampi evaṃ vicāritaṃ.

(Ka) ‘‘buddhaghoso patañjalissa vā aññesaṃ vā uttaraindiyaraṭṭhikānaṃ vādaṃ appakameva aññāsi. Patañjalivādesu hi aṇimā laghimāti idameva dvayaṃ dassesi [visuddhi. 1.144] tatuttari yogasuttaṃ ajānanto, patañjalivādassa ca tuletvā dīpanā tassa ganthesu na dissati, patañjalinā katapakaraṇañca patañjalīti nāmamattampi ca tattha dīpitaṃ natthi. Visuddhimagge pana paññābhūminiddese ‘pakativādīnaṃ pakati viyā’ti [visuddhi. 2.584] pakativāda (saṃkhyāvāda) nāmamattaṃ pakāsitaṃ, tattheva ca ‘paṭiññā hetūtiādīsu hi loke vacanāvayavo hetūti vuccatī’ti [visuddhi. 2.595] udāharitaṃ, tena ñāyati ‘buddhaghoso indiyatakkanayadīpake ñāyaganthasmiṃ kiñci mūlabhāgamattaṃ aparipuṇṇaṃ jānātī’ti’’.

Taṃ pana sabbampi kevalaṃ ācariyassa abbhācikkhaṇamattameva. Atigambhīrassa hi atigarukātabbassa suparisuddhassa piṭakattayassa atthasaṃvaṇṇanaṃ karontena suparisuddhoyeva pāḷinayo ca aṭṭhakathānayo ca porāṇatheravādā cāti īdisāyeva atthā pakāsetabbā, yaṃ vā pana atthasaṃvaṇṇanāya upakārakaṃ saddavinicchayapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ lokiyaganthavacanaṃ, tadeva ca yathārahaṃ pakāsetabbaṃ, na pana anupakārānipi taṃtaṃganthatakkattunāmāni ca, tehi vuttavacanāni ca bahūni, na ca tesaṃ appakāsanena ‘‘na te aṭṭhakathācariyo jānātī’’ti vattabbo. Yadi hi yaṃ yaṃ lokiyaganthaṃ attanā jānāti, taṃ sabbaṃ anupakārampi attano aṭṭhakathāyamānetvā pakāseyya, ativitthārā ca sā bhaveyya aparisuddhā ca asammānitā ca sāsanikaviññūhīti ācariyena patañjalivādādayo na vitthārena pakāsitāti ñātabbaṃ, aññadatthu yehi yehi lokiyaganthehi kiñci kiñci ācariyena ānetvā pakāsitaṃ, te te ca ganthā, aññepi ca tādisā ācariyena ñātātveva jānitabbā viññūhi, yathā samuddassa ekadesaṃ disvā sabbopi samuddo edisoti ñāyati. Ācariyo pana yattha yattha vedapaṭisaṃyuttavacanāni āgatāni, tattha tattha vedaganthehipi kiñci kiñci ānetvā pakāsesiyeva. Tathā hi ācariyena sumaṅgalavilāsiniyaṃ nāma dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathāyaṃ –

‘‘Tiṇṇaṃ vedānanti iruvedayajuvedasāmavedāna’’nti [dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.256] ca,

‘‘Itihāsapañcamānanti athabbaṇavedaṃ catutthaṃ katvā itiha āsa itiha āsāti īdisavacanapaṭisaṃyutto purāṇakathāsaṅkhāto itihāso pañcamo etesanti itihāsapañcamā, tesaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ vedāna’’nti [dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.256] ca,

‘‘Yiṭṭhaṃ vuccati mahāyāgo’’ti [dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.170-172] ca,

‘‘Aggihomanti evarūpena dārunā evaṃ hute idaṃ nāma hotīti aggijuhanaṃ. Dabbihomādīnipi aggihomāneva, evarūpāya dabbiyā īdisehi kaṇādīhi hute idaṃ nāma hotīti evaṃ pavattivasena pana visuṃ vuttānī’’ti [dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.21] ca,

‘‘Sāsapādīni pana mukhena gahetvā aggimhi pakkhipanaṃ, vijjaṃ parijappitvā juhanaṃ vā mukhahoma’’nti [dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.21] ca –

Evamādinā vedapaṭisaṃyuttavacanāni vedaganthānurūpato vaṇṇitāni. Tāni ca porāṇaṭṭhakathāto bhāsāparivattanavasena vuttānipi bhaveyyuṃ, vedaganthesu pana akovidena yāthāvato bhāsāparivattanaṃ kātumpi na sukarameva, tasmā ācariyassa vedaganthesu kovidabhāvopi pākaṭoyeva. Evaṃ vedaganthesu ca tadaññalokiyaganthesu ca sukovidasseva samānassa tesaṃ vitthārato appakāsanaṃ yathāvuttakāraṇenevāti veditabbaṃ.

Api ca ācariyo attano ganthārambheyeva –

‘‘Tato ca bhāsantarameva hitvā,

Vitthāramaggañca samāsayitvā;

Vinicchayaṃ sabbamasesayitvā…pe…

Yasmā ayaṃ hessati vaṇṇanāpī’’ti [pārā. aṭṭha. 1.ganthārambhakathā] ca.

‘‘Apanetvāna tatohaṃ, sīhaḷabhāsaṃ manoramaṃ bhāsaṃ;

Tantinayānucchavikaṃ, āropetvā vigatadosaṃ.

Samayaṃ avilomento, therānaṃ theravaṃsapadīpānaṃ;

Sunipuṇavinicchayānaṃ, mahāvihāre nivāsinaṃ;

Hitvā punappunāgata-matthaṃ atthaṃ pakāsayissāmī’’ti [dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.ganthārambhakathā] ca–

Evaṃ porāṇaṭṭhakathānaṃ bhāsāparivattanasaṃkhipanavaseneva visesetvā abhinavaṭṭhakathāyo karissāmīti paṭiññaṃ katvā yathāpaṭiññātameva akāsi, na attano ñāṇappabhāvena visesetvātipi veditabbaṃ. Tasmā aṭṭhakathāsu patañjalivādādīnaṃ vitthārato appakāsanamārabbha ‘‘buddhaghoso patañjalivādādīni paripuṇṇaṃ na jānātī’’ti vacanaṃ kevalaṃ ācariyassa abbhācikkhaṇamattamevāti.

Kabbasatthavicāraṇā

4. Punapi so evamāha ‘‘kiñcāpi buddhaghoso rāmāyaṇamahābhāratasaṅkhātānaṃ mahākabbasatthānaṃ sukusalo viya na dissati, tathāpi tāni dassesi. Kathaṃ? Akkhānanti bhāratayujjhanādikaṃ, taṃ yasmiṃ ṭhāne kathīyati, tattha gantumpi na vaṭṭatīti [dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.13] ca, tassa (samphapalāpassa) dve sambhārā bhāratayuddhasītāharaṇādiniratthakakathāpurekkhāratā tathārūpikathākathanañcāti [dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.8] ca dassesī’’ti.

Taṃ pana purimavacanatopi ahetukataraṃ kevalaṃ anādarīkaraṇamattameva. Atigambhīratthassa hi atigarukaraṇīyassa piṭakattayassa atthasaṃvaṇṇanāyaṃ niratthakassa samphapalāpasamudāyabhūtassa kabbasatthassa vitthārato pakāsanena kiṃ siyā payojanaṃ, aññadatthu sāyevassa asammānitā, anādariyā ca viññūhīti.

Bāhusaccaguṇamakkhanaṃ

5. Punapi dhammānando ācariyassa bāhusaccaguṇaṃ makkhetukāmo evamāha – ‘‘tassa (buddhaghosassa) samayantarakovidasaṅkhātaṃ bāhusaccaṃ na tato uttaritaraṃ hoti, yaṃ ādhunikānaṃ ganthantarakovidānaṃ sīhaḷikabhikkhūnaṃ yaṃ vā ekādasame kharistavassasatake (1001-1100) uppannānaṃ dakkhiṇaindiyaraṭṭhikānaṃ anuruddha-dhammapālādīnaṃ bhikkhūna’’nti.

Taṃ pana sabbathāpi ayuttavacanameva. Yadi hi ādhunikā vā sīhaḷikabhikkhū, porāṇā vā ācariyaanuruddha-dhammapālattherādayo samayantarabāhusaccavasena ācariyabuddhaghosena samānā vā uttaritarā vā bhaveyyuṃ, te ācariyabuddhaghosattherassa aṭṭhakathāhi anāraddhacittā hutvā tato sundaratarā paripuṇṇatarā ca abhinavaṭṭhakathāyo kareyyuṃ, na pana te tathā karonti, na kevalaṃ na karontiyeva, atha kho tesaṃ ekopi na evaṃ vadati ‘‘ahaṃ buddhaghosena bāhusaccavasena samasamoti vā uttaritaro’’ti vā, aññadatthu te ācariyassa aṭṭhakathāyoyeva saṃvaṇṇenti ca upatthambhenti ca, ācariyaṭṭhāne ca ṭhapenti. Tenetaṃ ñāyati sabbathāpi ayuttavacananti.

Mahāyānikanayavicāraṇā

6. Puna so tāvattakenāpi asantuṭṭho ācariyaṃ avamaññanto evamāha – ‘‘mahāyānanikāyassa padhānācariyabhūtānaṃ assa ghosa-nāgajjunānaṃ nayaṃ vā, nāmamattampi vā tesaṃ na jānāti maññe buddhaghoso’’ti. Taṃ pana ativiya adhammikaṃ niratthakañca niggahavacanamattameva. Na hi nikāyantarikānaṃ vādanayānaṃ attano aṭṭhakathāyaṃ appakāsanena so te na jānātīti sakkā vattuṃ. Nanu ācariyena āgamaṭṭhakathāsu ganthārambheyeva –

‘‘Samayaṃ avilomento, therānaṃ theravaṃsapadīpānaṃ;