9. Brahmavihāraniddeso

Mettābhāvanākathā

240. Anussatikammaṭṭhānānantaraṃ uddiṭṭhesu pana mettā, karuṇā, muditā, upekkhāti imesu catūsu brahmavihāresu mettaṃ bhāvetukāmena tāva ādikammikena yogāvacarena upacchinnapalibodhena gahitakammaṭṭhānena bhattakiccaṃ katvā bhattasammadaṃ paṭivinodetvā vivitte padese supaññatte āsane sukhanisinnena ādito tāva dose ādīnavo, khantiyañca ānisaṃso paccavekkhitabbo.

Kasmā? Imāya hi bhāvanāya doso pahātabbo, khanti adhigantabbā. Na ca sakkā kiñci adiṭṭhādīnavaṃ pahātuṃ, aviditānisaṃsaṃ vā adhigantuṃ. Tasmā ‘‘duṭṭho kho, āvuso, dosena abhibhūto pariyādiṇṇacitto pāṇampi hanatī’’tiādīnaṃ (a. ni. 3.72) vasena dose ādīnavo daṭṭhabbo.

‘‘Khantī paramaṃ tapo titikkhā, nibbānaṃ paramaṃ vadanti buddhā’’; (Dī. ni. 2.90; dha. pa. 184);

‘‘Khantibalaṃ balānīkaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ’’. (dha. pa. 399; su. ni. 628);

‘‘Khantā bhiyyo na vijjatī’’tiādīnaṃ (saṃ. ni. 1.250) vasena khantiyaṃ ānisaṃso veditabbo.

Athevaṃ diṭṭhādīnavato dosato cittaṃ vivecanatthāya, viditānisaṃsāya ca khantiyā saṃyojanatthāya mettābhāvanā ārabhitabbā. Ārabhantena ca āditova puggalabhedo jānitabbo ‘‘imesu puggalesu mettā paṭhamaṃ na bhāvetabbā, imesu neva bhāvetabbā’’ti.

Ayañhi mettā appiyapuggale, atippiyasahāyake, majjhatte, verīpuggaleti imesu catūsu paṭhamaṃ na bhāvetabbā. Liṅgavisabhāge odhiso na bhāvetabbā. Kālakate na bhāvetabbāva. Kiṃkāraṇā appiyādīsu paṭhamaṃ na bhāvetabbā? Appiyaṃ hi piyaṭṭhāne ṭhapento kilamati. Atippiyasahāyakaṃ majjhattaṭṭhāne ṭhapento kilamati, appamattakepi cassa dukkhe uppanne ārodanākārappatto viya hoti. Majjhattaṃ garuṭṭhāne ca piyaṭṭhāne ca ṭhapento kilamati. Verimanussarato kodho uppajjati, tasmā appiyādīsu paṭhamaṃ na bhāvetabbā.

Liṅgavisabhāge pana tameva ārabbha odhiso bhāventassa rāgo uppajjati. Aññataro kira amaccaputto kulūpakattheraṃ pucchi ‘‘bhante, kassa mettā bhāvetabbā’’ti? Thero ‘‘piyapuggale’’ti āha. Tassa attano bhariyā piyā hoti. So tassā mettaṃ bhāvento sabbarattiṃ bhittiyuddhamakāsi. Tasmā liṅgavisabhāge odhiso na bhāvetabbā.

Kālakate pana bhāvento neva appanaṃ, na upacāraṃ pāpuṇāti. Aññataro kira daharabhikkhu ācariyaṃ ārabbha mettaṃ ārabhi. Tassa mettā nappavattati. So mahātherassa santikaṃ gantvā ‘‘bhante, paguṇāva me mettājhānasamāpatti, na ca naṃ samāpajjituṃ sakkomi, kiṃ nu kho kāraṇa’’nti āha. Thero ‘‘nimittaṃ, āvuso, gavesāhī’’ti āha. So gavesanto ācariyassa matabhāvaṃ ñatvā aññaṃ ārabbha mettāyanto samāpattiṃ appesi. Tasmā kālakate na bhāvetabbāva.

241. Sabbapaṭhamaṃ pana ‘‘ahaṃ sukhito homi niddukkho’’ti vā, ‘‘avero abyāpajjo anīgho sukhī attānaṃ pariharāmī’’ti vā evaṃ punappunaṃ attaniyeva bhāvetabbā.

Evaṃ sante yaṃ vibhaṅge (vibha. 643) vuttaṃ –

‘‘Kathañca bhikkhu mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati? Seyyathāpi nāma ekaṃ puggalaṃ piyaṃ manāpaṃ disvā mettāyeyya, evameva sabbe satte mettāya pharatī’’ti.

‘‘Yañca paṭisambhidāyaṃ (paṭi. ma. 2.22) –

‘‘Katamehi pañcahākārehi anodhisopharaṇā mettā cetovimutti bhāvetabbā, sabbe sattā averā hontu’’ abyāpajjā anīghā sukhī attānaṃ pariharantu. Sabbe pāṇā… sabbe bhūtā… sabbe puggalā… sabbe attabhāvapariyāpannā averā abyāpajjā anīghā sukhī attānaṃ pariharantū’’tiādi –

Vuttaṃ. Yañca mettasutte (khu. pā. 9.3; su. ni. 145) –

‘‘Sukhinova khemino hontu,

Sabbasattā bhavantu sukhitattā’’tiādi. –

Vuttaṃ, taṃ virujjhati. Na hi tattha attani bhāvanā vuttāti ce. Tañca na virujjhati. Kasmā? Tañhi appanāvasena vuttaṃ. Idaṃ sakkhibhāvavasena.

Sacepi hi vassasataṃ vassasahassaṃ vā ‘‘ahaṃ sukhito homī’’tiādinā nayena attani mettaṃ bhāveti, nevassa appanā uppajjati. ‘‘Ahaṃ sukhito homī’’ti bhāvayato pana yathā ahaṃ sukhakāmo dukkhapaṭikkūlo jīvitukāmo amaritukāmo ca, evaṃ aññepi sattāti attānaṃ sakkhiṃ katvā aññasattesu hitasukhakāmatā uppajjati. Bhagavatāpi –

‘‘Sabbā disā anuparigamma cetasā,

Nevajjhagā piyataramattanā kvaci;

Evaṃ piyo puthu attā paresaṃ,

Tasmā na hiṃse paramattakāmo’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.119; udā. 41); –

Vadatā ayaṃ nayo dassito.

242. Tasmā sakkhibhāvatthaṃ paṭhamaṃ attānaṃ mettāya pharitvā tadanantaraṃ sukhappavattanatthaṃ yvāyaṃ piyo manāpo garu bhāvanīyo ācariyo vā ācariyamatto vā upajjhāyo vā upajjhāyamatto vā tassa dānapiyavacanādīni piyamanāpattakāraṇāni sīlasutādīni garubhāvanīyattakāraṇāni ca anussaritvā ‘‘esa sappuriso sukhī hotu niddukkho’’tiādinā nayena mettā bhāvetabbā.

Evarūpe ca puggale kāmaṃ appanā sampajjati, iminā pana bhikkhunā tāvatakeneva tuṭṭhiṃ anāpajjitvā sīmāsambhedaṃ kattukāmena tadanantaraṃ atippiyasahāyake, atippiyasahāyakato majjhatte, majjhattato verīpuggale mettā bhāvetabbā. Bhāventena ca ekekasmiṃ koṭṭhāse muduṃ kammaniyaṃ cittaṃ katvā tadanantare tadanantare upasaṃharitabbaṃ.

Yassa pana verīpuggalo vā natthi, mahāpurisajātikattā vā anatthaṃ karontepi pare verīsaññāva nuppajjati, tena ‘‘majjhatte me mettacittaṃ kammaniyaṃ jātaṃ, idāni naṃ verimhi upasaṃharāmī’’ti byāpārova na kātabbo. Yassa pana atthi, taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘majjhattato verīpuggale mettā bhāvetabbā’’ti.

243. Sace panassa verimhi cittamupasaṃharato tena katāparādhānussaraṇena paṭighamuppajjati, athānena purimapuggalesu yattha katthaci punappunaṃ mettaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhahitvā punappunaṃ taṃ puggalaṃ mettāyantena paṭighaṃ vinodetabbaṃ. Sace evampi vāyamato na nibbāti, atha –

Kakacūpamaovāda-ādīnaṃ anusārato;

Paṭighassa pahānāya, ghaṭitabbaṃ punappunaṃ.

Tañca kho iminā ākārena attānaṃ ovadanteneva ‘‘are kujjhanapurisa, nanu vuttaṃ bhagavatā –

‘Ubhatodaṇḍakena cepi, bhikkhave, kakacena corā ocarakā aṅgamaṅgāni okanteyyuṃ, tatrāpi yo mano padoseyya. Na me so tena sāsanakaro’ti (ma. ni. 1.232) ca,

‘Tasseva tena pāpiyo, yo kuddhaṃ paṭikujjhati;

Kuddhamappaṭikujjhanto, saṅgāmaṃ jeti dujjayaṃ.

‘‘‘Ubhinnamatthaṃ carati, attano ca parassa ca;

Paraṃ saṅkupitaṃ ñatvā, yo sato upasammatī’ti ca. (saṃ. ni. 1.188); –

‘‘‘Sattime, bhikkhave, dhammā sapattakantā sapattakaraṇā kodhanaṃ āgacchanti itthiṃ vā purisaṃ vā. Katame satta? Idha, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa evaṃ icchati aho vatāyaṃ dubbaṇṇo assāti. Taṃ kissahetu? Na, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa vaṇṇavatāya nandati. Kodhanāyaṃ, bhikkhave, purisapuggalo kodhābhibhūto kodhapareto kiñcāpi so hoti sunhāto suvilitto kappitakesamassu odātavatthavasano, atha kho so dubbaṇṇova hoti kodhābhibhūto. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamo dhammo sapattakanto sapattakaraṇo kodhanaṃ āgacchati itthiṃ vā purisaṃ vā. Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa evaṃ icchati ahovatāyaṃ dukkhaṃ sayeyyāti…pe… na pacurattho assāti…pe… na bhogavā assāti…pe… na yasavā assāti…pe… na mittavā assāti…pe… na kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyyāti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Na, bhikkhave, sapatto sapattassa sugatigamanena nandati. Kodhanāyaṃ, bhikkhave, purisapuggalo kodhābhibhūto kodhapareto kāyena duccaritaṃ carati, vācāya manasā duccaritaṃ carati. So kāyena vācāya manasā duccaritaṃ caritvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati kodhābhibhūto’ti (a. ni. 7.64) ca,

‘‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, chavālātaṃ ubhatopadittaṃ majjhe gūthagataṃ neva gāme kaṭṭhatthaṃ pharati, na araññe kaṭṭhatthaṃ pharati. Tathūpamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmī’ti ca,

‘‘So dāni tvaṃ evaṃ kujjhanto na ceva bhagavato sāsanakaro bhavissasi, paṭikujjhanto ca kuddhapurisatopi pāpiyo hutvā na dujjayaṃ saṅgāmaṃ jessasi, sapattakaraṇe ca dhamme attāva attano karissasi, chavālātūpamo ca bhavissasī’’ti.

244. Tassevaṃ ghaṭayato vāyamato sace taṃ paṭighaṃ vūpasammati, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ. No ce vūpasammati, atha yo yo dhammo tassa puggalassa vūpasanto hoti parisuddho, anussariyamāno pasādaṃ āvahati, taṃ taṃ anussaritvā āghāto paṭivinetabbo.

Ekaccassa hi kāyasamācārova upasanto hoti. Upasantabhāvo cassa bahuṃ vattapaṭipattiṃ karontassa sabbajanena ñāyati. Vacīsamācāramanosamācārā pana avūpasantā honti. Tassa te acintetvā kāyasamācāravūpasamoyeva anussaritabbo.

Ekaccassa vacīsamācārova upasanto hoti. Upasantabhāvo cassa sabbajanena ñāyati. So hi pakatiyā ca paṭisanthārakusalo hoti sakhilo sukhasambhāso sammodako uttānamukho pubbabhāsī madhurena sarena dhammaṃ osāreti, parimaṇḍalehi padabyañjanehi dhammakathaṃ katheti. Kāyasamācāramanosamācārā pana avūpasantā honti, tassa te acintetvā vacīsamācāravūpasamoyeva anussaritabbo.

Ekaccassa manosamācārova upasanto hoti, upasantabhāvo cassa cetiyavandanādīsu sabbajanassa pākaṭo hoti. Yo hi avūpasantacitto hoti, so cetiyaṃ vā bodhiṃ vā there vā vandamāno na sakkaccaṃ vandati, dhammassavanamaṇḍape vikkhittacitto vā pacalāyanto vā nisīdati. Upasantacitto pana okappetvā vandati, ohitasoto aṭṭhiṃkatvā kāyena vā vācāya vā cittappasādaṃ karonto dhammaṃ suṇāti. Iti ekaccassa manosamācārova upasanto hoti, kāyavacīsamācārā avūpasantā honti, tassa te acintetvā manosamācāravūpasamoyeva anussaritabbo.

Ekaccassa pana imesu tīsu dhammesu ekopi avūpasanto hoti, tasmiṃ puggale ‘‘kiñcāpi esa idāni manussaloke carati, atha kho katipāhassa accayena aṭṭhamahānirayasoḷasaussadanirayaparipūrako bhavissatī’’ti kāruññaṃ upaṭṭhapetabbaṃ. Kāruññampi hi paṭicca āghāto vūpasammati.

Ekaccassa tayopime dhammā vūpasantā honti, tassa yaṃ yaṃ icchati, taṃ taṃ anussaritabbaṃ. Tādise hi puggale na dukkarā hoti mettābhāvanāti.

Imassa ca atthassa āvibhāvatthaṃ – ‘‘pañcime, āvuso, āghātapaṭivinayā. Yattha bhikkhuno uppanno āghāto sabbaso paṭivinodetabbo’’ti (a. ni. 5.162) idaṃ pañcakanipāte āghātapaṭivinayasuttaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ.

245. Sace panassa evampi vāyamato āghāto uppajjatiyeva, athānena evaṃ attā ovaditabbo –

‘‘Attano visaye dukkhaṃ, kataṃ te yadi verinā;

Kiṃ tassāvisaye dukkhaṃ, sacitte kattumicchasi.

‘‘Bahūpakāraṃ hitvāna, ñātivaggaṃ rudammukhaṃ;

Mahānatthakaraṃ kodhaṃ, sapattaṃ na jahāsi kiṃ.

‘‘Yāni rakkhasi sīlāni, tesaṃ mūlanikantanaṃ;

Kodhaṃ nāmupaḷālesi, ko tayā sadiso jaḷo.

‘‘Kataṃ anariyaṃ kammaṃ, parena iti kujjhasi;

Kiṃ nu tvaṃ tādisaṃyeva, yo sayaṃ kattumicchasi.

‘‘Dosetukāmo yadi taṃ, amanāpaṃ paro kari;

Dosuppādena tasseva, kiṃ pūresi manorathaṃ.

‘‘Dukkhaṃ tassa ca nāma tvaṃ, kuddho kāhasi vā navā;

Attānaṃ panidāneva, kodhadukkhena bādhasi.

‘‘Kodhaṃ vā ahitaṃ maggaṃ, ārūḷhā yadi verino;

Kasmā tuvampi kujjhanto, tesaṃyevānusikkhasi.

‘‘Yaṃ dosaṃ tava nissāya, sattunā appiyaṃ kataṃ;

Tameva dosaṃ chindassu, kimaṭṭhāne vihaññasi.

‘‘Khaṇikattā ca dhammānaṃ, yehi khandhehi te kataṃ;

Amanāpaṃ niruddhā te, kassa dānīdha kujjhasi.

‘‘Dukkhaṃ karoti yo yassa, taṃ vinā kassa so kare;

Sayampi dukkhahetutta, miti kiṃ tassa kujjhasī’’ti.

246. Sace panassa evaṃ attānaṃ ovadatopi paṭighaṃ neva vūpasammati, athānena attano ca parassa ca kammassakatā paccavekkhitabbā. Tattha attano tāva evaṃ paccavekkhitabbā ‘‘ambho tvaṃ tassa kuddho kiṃ karissasi? Nanu taveva cetaṃ dosanidānaṃ kammaṃ anatthāya saṃvattissati? Kammassako hi tvaṃ kammadāyādo kammayoni kammabandhu kammapaṭisaraṇo, yaṃ kammaṃ karissasi, tassa dāyādo bhavissasi, idañca te kammaṃ neva sammāsambodhiṃ, na paccekabodhiṃ, na sāvakabhūmiṃ, na brahmattasakkattacakkavattipadesarājādisampattīnaṃ aññataraṃ sampattiṃ sādhetuṃ samatthaṃ, atha kho sāsanato cāvetvā vighāsādādibhāvassa ceva nerayikādidukkhavisesānañca te saṃvattanikamidaṃ kammaṃ. So tvaṃ idaṃ karonto ubhohi hatthehi vītaccite vā aṅgāre, gūthaṃ vā gahetvā paraṃ paharitukāmo puriso viya attānameva paṭhamaṃ dahasi ceva duggandhañca karosī’’ti.

Evaṃ attano kammassakataṃ paccavekkhitvā parassapi evaṃ paccavekkhitabbā ‘‘esopi tava kujjhitvā kiṃ karissati? Nanu etassevetaṃ anatthāya saṃvattissati? Kammassako hi ayamāyasmā kammadāyādo…pe… yaṃ kammaṃ karissati, tassa dāyādo bhavissati. Idañcassa kammaṃ neva sammāsambodhiṃ, na paccekabodhiṃ, na sāvakabhūmiṃ, na brahmattasakkattacakkavattipadesarājādisampattīnaṃ aññataraṃ sampattiṃ sādhetuṃ samatthaṃ, atha kho sāsanato cāvetvā vighāsādādibhāvassa ceva nerayikādidukkhavisesānañcassa saṃvattanikamidaṃ kammaṃ. Svāyaṃ idaṃ karonto paṭivāte ṭhatvā paraṃ rajena okiritukāmo puriso viya attānaṃyeva okirati. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –

‘‘‘Yo appaduṭṭhassa narassa dussati,

Suddhassa posassa anaṅgaṇassa;

Tameva bālaṃ pacceti pāpaṃ,

Sukhumo rajo paṭivātaṃva khitto’’’ti. (dha. pa. 125; su. ni. 667);

247. Sace panassa evaṃ kammassakatampi paccavekkhato neva vūpasammati, athānena satthu pubbacariyaguṇā anussaritabbā.

Tatrāyaṃ paccavekkhaṇānayo – ambho pabbajita, nanu te satthā pubbeva sambodhā anabhisambuddho bodhisattopi samāno cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni kappasatasahassañca pāramiyo pūrayamāno tattha tattha vadhakesupi paccatthikesu cittaṃ nappadūsesi. Seyyathidaṃ, sīlavajātake tāva attano deviyā paduṭṭhena pāpaamaccena ānītassa paṭirañño tiyojanasataṃ rajjaṃ gaṇhantassa nisedhanatthāya uṭṭhitānaṃ amaccānaṃ āvudhampi chupituṃ na adāsi. Puna saddhiṃ amaccasahassena āmakasusāne galappamāṇaṃ bhūmiṃ khaṇitvā nikhaññamāno cittappadosamattampi akatvā kuṇapakhādanatthaṃ āgatānaṃ siṅgālānaṃ paṃsuviyūhanaṃ nissāya purisakāraṃ katvā paṭiladdhajīvito yakkhānubhāvena attano sirigabbhaṃ oruyha sirisayane sayitaṃ paccatthikaṃ disvā kopaṃ akatvāva aññamaññaṃ sapathaṃ katvā taṃ mittaṭṭhāne ṭhapayitvā āha –

‘‘Āsīsetheva puriso, na nibbindeyya paṇḍito;

Passāmi vohamattānaṃ, yathā icchiṃ tathā ahū’’ti. (jā. 1.1.51);

Khantivādījātake dummedhena kāsiraññā ‘‘kiṃvādī tvaṃ samaṇā’’ti puṭṭho ‘‘khantivādī nāmāha’’nti vutte sakaṇṭakāhi kasāhi tāḷetvā hatthapādesu chijjamānesu kopamattampi nākāsi.

Anacchariyañcetaṃ, yaṃ mahallako pabbajjūpagato evaṃ kareyya. Cūḷadhammapālajātake pana uttānaseyyakopi samāno –

‘‘Candanarasānulittā, bāhā chijjanti dhammapālassa;

Dāyādassa pathabyā, pāṇā me deva rujjhantī’’ti. (jā. 1.5.49);

Evaṃ vippalapamānāya mātuyā pitarā mahāpatāpena nāma raññā vaṃsakaḷīresu viya catūsu hatthapādesu chedāpitesu tāvatāpi santuṭṭhiṃ anāpajjitvā sīsamassa chindathāti āṇatte ‘‘ayaṃ dāni te cittapariggaṇhanakālo, idāni ambho dhammapāla, sīsacchedāṇāpake pitari, sīsacchedake purise, paridevamānāya mātari, attani cāti imesu catūsu samacitto hohī’’ti daḷhaṃ samādānamadhiṭṭhāya paduṭṭhākāramattampi nākāsi.

Idañcāpi anacchariyameva, yaṃ manussabhūto evamakāsi. Tiracchānabhūtopi pana chaddanto nāma vāraṇo hutvā visappitena sallena nābhiyaṃ viddhopi tāva anatthakārimhi luddake cittaṃ nappadūsesi. Yathāha –

‘‘Samappito puthusallena nāgo,

Aduṭṭhacitto luddakaṃ ajjhabhāsi;

Kimatthayaṃ kissa vā samma hetu,

Mamaṃ vadhī kassa vāyaṃ payogo’’ti. (jā. 1.16.124);

Evaṃ vatvā ca kāsirañño mahesiyā tava dantānamatthāya pesitomhi bhadanteti vutte tassā manorathaṃ pūrento chabbaṇṇarasminiccharaṇasamujjalitacārusobhe attano dante chetvā adāsi.

Mahākapi hutvā attanāyeva pabbatapapātato uddharitena purisena –

‘‘Bhakkho ayaṃ manussānaṃ, yathevaññe vane migā;

Yaṃnūnimaṃ vadhitvāna, chāto khādeyya vānaraṃ.

‘‘Āhitova gamissāmi, maṃsamādāya sambalaṃ;

Kantāraṃ nittharissāmi, pātheyyaṃ me bhavissatī’’ti. (jā. 1.16.205-206); –

Evaṃ cintetvā silaṃ ukkhipitvā matthake sampadālite assupuṇṇehi nettehi taṃ purisaṃ udikkhamāno –

‘‘Mā ayyosi me bhadante, tvaṃ nāmetādisaṃ kari;

Tvaṃ khosi nāma dīghāvu, aññaṃ vāretumarahasī’’ti. (jā. 1.16.209); –

Vatvā tasmiṃ purise cittaṃ appadūsetvā attano ca dukkhaṃ acintetvā tameva purisaṃ khemantabhūmiṃ sampāpesi.

Bhūridatto nāma nāgarājā hutvā uposathaṅgāni adhiṭṭhāya vammikamuddhani sayamāno kappuṭṭhānaggisadisena osadhena sakalasarīre siñciyamānopi peḷāya pakkhipitvā sakalajambudīpe kīḷāpiyamānopi tasmiṃ brāhmaṇe manopadosamattampi na akāsi. Yathāha –

‘‘Peḷāya pakkhipantepi, maddantepi ca pāṇinā;

Alampāne na kuppāmi, sīlakhaṇḍabhayā mamā’’ti. (cariyā. 2.16);

Campeyyopi nāgarājā hutvā ahituṇḍikena viheṭhiyamāno manopadosamattampi nuppādesi. Yathāha –

‘‘Tadāpi maṃ dhammacāriṃ, upavutthauposathaṃ;

Ahituṇḍiko gahetvāna, rājadvāramhi kīḷati.

‘‘Yaṃ so vaṇṇaṃ cintayati, nīlaṃ pītaṃ va lohitaṃ;

Tassa cittānuvattanto, homi cintitasannibho.

‘‘Thalaṃ kareyyaṃ udakaṃ, udakampi thalaṃ kare;

Yadihaṃ tassa kuppeyyaṃ, khaṇena chārikaṃ kare.

‘‘Yadi cittavasī hessaṃ, parihāyissāmi sīlato;

Sīlena parihīnassa, uttamattho na sijjhatī’’ti. (cariyā. 2.21-24);

Saṅkhapālanāgarājā hutvā tikhiṇāhi sattīhi aṭṭhasu ṭhānesu ovijjhitvā pahāramukhehi sakaṇṭakā latāyo pavesetvā nāsāya daḷhaṃ rajjuṃ pakkhipitvā soḷasahi bhojaputtehi kājenādāya vayhamāno dharaṇītale ghaṃsiyamānasarīro mahantaṃ dukkhaṃ paccanubhonto kujjhitvā olokitamatteneva sabbe bhojaputte bhasmaṃ kātuṃ samatthopi samāno cakkhuṃ ummīletvā paduṭṭhākāramattampi na akāsi.

Yathāha –

‘‘Cātuddasiṃ pañcadasiñcaḷāra,

Uposathaṃ niccamupāvasāmi;

Athāgamuṃ soḷasa bhojaputtā,

Rajjuṃ gahetvāna daḷhañca pāsaṃ.

‘‘Bhetvāna nāsaṃ atikassa rajjuṃ,

Nayiṃsu maṃ samparigayha luddā;

Etādisaṃ dukkhamahaṃ titikkhaṃ,

Uposathaṃ appaṭikopayanto’’ti. (jā. 2.17.180-181);

Na kevalañca etāneva, aññānipi mātuposakajātakādīsu anekāni acchariyāni akāsi. Tassa te idāni sabbaññutaṃ pattaṃ sadevaloke kenaci appaṭisamakhantiguṇaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ satthāraṃ apadisato paṭighacittaṃ nāma uppādetuṃ ativiya ayuttaṃ appatirūpanti.

248. Sace panassa evaṃ satthu pubbacaritaguṇaṃ paccavekkhatopi dīgharattaṃ kilesānaṃ dāsabyaṃ upagatassa neva taṃ paṭighaṃ vūpasammati, athānena anamataggiyāni paccavekkhitabbāni. Tatra hi vuttaṃ –

‘‘Na so, bhikkhave, satto sulabharūpo, yo na mātābhūtapubbo, yo na pitābhūtapubbo, yo na bhātā, yo na bhaginī, yo na putto, yo na dhītābhūtapubbā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.137-142).

Tasmā tasmiṃ puggale evaṃ cittaṃ uppādetabbaṃ, ‘‘ayaṃ kira me atīte mātā hutvā dasamāse kucchiyā pariharitvā muttakarīsakheḷasiṅghāṇikādīni haricandanaṃ viya ajigucchamānā apanetvā ure naccāpentī aṅgena pariharamānā posesi, pitā hutvā ajapathasaṅkupathādīni gantvā vāṇijjaṃ payojayamāno mayhamatthāya jīvitampi pariccajitvā ubhatobyūḷhe saṅgāme pavisitvā nāvāya mahāsamuddaṃ pakkhanditvā aññāni ca dukkarāni karitvā ‘puttake posessāmī’ti tehi tehi upāyehi dhanaṃ saṃharitvā maṃ posesi. Bhātā, bhaginī, putto, dhītā ca hutvāpi idañcidañcupakāraṃ akāsīti tatra me nappatirūpaṃ manaṃ padūsetu’’nti.

249. Sace pana evampi cittaṃ nibbāpetuṃ na sakkotiyeva, athānena evaṃ mettānisaṃsā paccavekkhitabbā – ‘‘ambho pabbajita, nanu vuttaṃ bhagavatā –

‘Mettāya kho, bhikkhave, cetovimuttiyā āsevitāya bhāvitāya bahulīkatāya yānīkatāya vatthukatāya anuṭṭhitāya paricitāya susamāraddhāya ekādasānisaṃsā pāṭikaṅkhā. Katame ekādasa? Sukhaṃ supati, sukhaṃ paṭibujjhati, na pāpakaṃ supinaṃ passati, manussānaṃ piyo hoti, amanussānaṃ piyo hoti, devatā rakkhanti, nāssa aggi vā visaṃ vā satthaṃ vā kamati, tuvaṭaṃ cittaṃ samādhiyati, mukhavaṇṇo pasīdati, asammūḷho kālaṅkaroti, uttarimappaṭivijjhanto brahmalokūpago hotī’ti (a. ni. 11.15).

‘‘Sace tvaṃ idaṃ cittaṃ na nibbāpessasi, imehi ānisaṃsehi paribāhiro bhavissasī’’ti.

250. Evampi nibbāpetuṃ asakkontena pana dhātuvinibbhogo kātabbo. Kathaṃ? ‘‘Ambho pabbajita, tvaṃ etassa kujjhamāno kassa kujjhasi? Kiṃ kesānaṃ kujjhasi, udāhu lomānaṃ, nakhānaṃ…pe… muttassa kujjhasi? Atha vā pana kesādīsu pathavīdhātuyā kujjhasi, āpodhātuyā, tejodhātuyā, vāyodhātuyā kujjhasi? Ye vā pañcakkhandhe dvādasāyatanāni aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo upādāya ayamāyasmā itthannāmoti vuccati, tesu kiṃ rūpakkhandhassa kujjhasi, udāhu vedanā saññā saṅkhāraviññāṇakkhandhassa kujjhasi? Kiṃ vā cakkhāyatanassa kujjhasi, kiṃ rūpāyatanassa kujjhasi…pe… kiṃ manāyatanassa kujjhasi, kiṃ dhammāyatanassa kujjhasi? Kiṃ vā cakkhudhātuyā kujjhasi, kiṃ rūpadhātuyā, kiṃ cakkhuviññāṇadhātuyā…pe… kiṃ manodhātuyā, kiṃ dhammadhātuyā, kiṃ manoviññāṇadhātuyā’’ti? Evañhi dhātuvinibbhogaṃ karoto āragge sāsapassa viya ākāse cittakammassa viya ca kodhassa patiṭṭhānaṭṭhānaṃ na hoti.

251. Dhātuvinibbhogaṃ pana kātuṃ asakkontena dānasaṃvibhāgo kātabbo. Attano santakaṃ parassa dātabbaṃ, parassa santakaṃ attanā gahetabbaṃ. Sace pana paro bhinnājīvo hoti aparibhogārahaparikkhāro, attano santakameva dātabbaṃ. Tassevaṃ karoto ekanteneva tasmiṃ puggale āghāto vūpasammati. Itarassa ca atītajātito paṭṭhāya anubandhopi kodho taṅkhaṇaññeva vūpasammati, cittalapabbatavihāre tikkhattuṃ vuṭṭhāpitasenāsanena piṇḍapātikattherena ‘‘ayaṃ, bhante, aṭṭhakahāpaṇagghanako patto mama mātarā upāsikāya dinno dhammiyalābho, mahāupāsikāya puññalābhaṃ karothā’’ti vatvā dinnaṃ pattaṃ laddhamahātherassa viya. Evaṃ mahānubhāvametaṃ dānaṃ nāma. Vuttampi cetaṃ –

‘‘Adantadamanaṃ dānaṃ, dānaṃ sabbatthasādhakaṃ;

Dānena piyavācāya, unnamanti namanti cā’’ti.

252. Tassevaṃ verīpuggale vūpasantapaṭighassa yathā piyātippiyasahāyakamajjhattesu, evaṃ tasmimpi mettāvasena cittaṃ pavattati. Athānena punappunaṃ mettāyantena attani piyapuggale majjhatte verīpuggaleti catūsu janesu samacittataṃ sampādentena sīmāsambhedo kātabbo. Tassidaṃ lakkhaṇaṃ, sace imasmiṃ puggale piyamajjhattaverīhi saddhiṃ attacatutthe ekasmiṃ padese nisinne corā āgantvā ‘‘bhante, ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ amhākaṃ dethā’’ti vatvā ‘‘kiṃ kāraṇā’’ti vutte ‘‘taṃ māretvā galalohitaṃ gahetvā balikaraṇatthāyā’’ti vadeyyuṃ, tatra ceso bhikkhu ‘‘asukaṃ vā asukaṃ vā gaṇhantū’’ti cinteyya, akatova hoti sīmāsambhedo. Sacepi ‘‘maṃ gaṇhantu, mā ime tayo’’tipi cinteyya, akatova hoti sīmāsambhedo. Kasmā? Yassa yassa hi gahaṇamicchati, tassa tassa ahitesī hoti, itaresaṃyeva hitesī hoti.

Yadā pana catunnaṃ janānamantare ekampi corānaṃ dātabbaṃ na passati, attani ca tesu ca tīsu janesu samameva cittaṃ pavatteti, kato hoti sīmāsambhedo. Tenāhu porāṇā –

‘‘Attani hitamajjhatte, ahite ca catubbidhe;

Yadā passati nānattaṃ, hitacittova pāṇinaṃ.

‘‘Na nikāmalābhī mettāya, kusalīti pavuccati;

Yadā catasso sīmāyo, sambhinnā honti bhikkhuno.

‘‘Samaṃ pharati mettāya, sabbalokaṃ sadevakaṃ;

Mahāviseso purimena, yassa sīmā na ñāyatī’’ti.

253. Evaṃ sīmāsambhedasamakālameva ca iminā bhikkhunā nimittañca upacārañca laddhaṃ hoti. Sīmāsambhede pana kate tameva nimittaṃ āsevanto bhāvento bahulīkaronto appakasireneva pathavīkasiṇe vuttanayeneva appanaṃ pāpuṇāti.

Ettāvatānena adhigataṃ hoti pañcaṅgavippahīnaṃ pañcaṅgasamannāgataṃ tividhakalyāṇaṃ dasalakkhaṇasampannaṃ paṭhamajjhānaṃ mettāsahagataṃ. Adhigate ca tasmiṃ tadeva nimittaṃ āsevanto bhāvento bahulīkaronto anupubbena catukkanaye dutiyatatiyajjhānāni, pañcakanaye dutiyatatiyacatutthajjhānāni ca pāpuṇāti.

So hi paṭhamajjhānādīnaṃ aññataravasena mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati. Tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati (vibha. 642; dī. ni. 1.556). Paṭhamajjhānādivasena appanāppattacittasseva hi ayaṃ vikubbanā sampajjati.

254. Ettha ca mettāsahagatenāti mettāya samannāgatena. Cetasāti cittena. Ekaṃ disanti ekamekissā disāya paṭhamapariggahitaṃ sattaṃ upādāya ekadisāpariyāpannasattapharaṇavasena vuttaṃ. Pharitvāti phusitvā ārammaṇaṃ katvā. Viharatīti brahmavihārādhiṭṭhitaṃ iriyāpathavihāraṃ pavatteti. Tathā dutiyanti yathā puratthimādīsu disāsu yaṃkiñci ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tatheva tadanantaraṃ dutiyaṃ tatiyaṃ catutthañcāti attho. Iti uddhanti eteneva nayena uparimaṃ disanti vuttaṃ hoti. Adho tiriyanti adhodisampi tiriyaṃdisampi evameva. Tattha ca adhoti heṭṭhā. Tiriyanti anudisāsu. Evaṃ sabbadisāsu assamaṇḍale assamiva mettāsahagataṃ cittaṃ sāretipi paccāsāretipīti. Ettāvatā ekaṃ disaṃ pariggahetvā odhiso mettāpharaṇaṃ dassitaṃ.

Sabbadhītiādi pana anodhiso dassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Tattha sabbadhīti sabbattha. Sabbattatāyāti sabbesu hīnamajjhimukkaṭṭhamittasapattamajjhattādippabhedesu attatāya. ‘‘Ayaṃ parasatto’’ti vibhāgaṃ akatvā attasamatāyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Atha vā sabbattatāyāti sabbena cittabhāgena īsakampi bahi avikkhipamānoti vuttaṃ hoti. Sabbāvantanti sabbasattavantaṃ, sabbasattayuttanti attho. Lokanti sattalokaṃ. Vipulenātievamādipariyāyadassanato panettha puna mettāsahagatenāti vuttaṃ. Yasmā vā ettha odhiso pharaṇe viya puna tathāsaddo itisaddo vā na vutto, tasmā puna mettāsahagatena cetasāti vuttaṃ. Nigamavasena vā etaṃ vuttaṃ. Vipulenāti ettha ca pharaṇavasena vipulatā daṭṭhabbā. Bhūmivasena pana etaṃ mahaggataṃ paguṇavasena ca appamāṇasattārammaṇavasena ca appamāṇaṃ, byāpādapaccatthikappahānena averaṃ, domanassappahānato abyāpajjaṃ, niddukkhanti vuttaṃ hoti. Ayaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasātiādinā nayena vuttāya vikubbanāya attho.

255. Yathā cāyaṃ appanāppattacittasseva vikubbanā sampajjati, tathā yampi paṭisambhidāyaṃ (paṭi. ma. 2.22) ‘‘pañcahākārehi anodhisopharaṇā mettācetovimutti, sattahākārehi odhisopharaṇā mettā cetovimutti, dasahākārehi disāpharaṇā mettā cetovimuttī’’ti vuttaṃ, tampi appanāppattacittasseva sampajjatīti veditabbaṃ.

Tattha ca sabbe sattā averā abyāpajjā anīghā sukhī attānaṃ pariharantu, sabbe pāṇā, sabbe bhūtā, sabbe puggalā, sabbe attabhāvapariyāpannā averā…pe… pariharantūti imehi pañcahākārehi anodhisopharaṇā mettā cetovimutti veditabbā.

Sabbā itthiyo averā…pe… attānaṃ pariharantu, sabbe purisā, sabbe ariyā, sabbe anariyā, sabbe devā, sabbe manussā, sabbe vinipātikā averā…pe… pariharantūti imehi sattahākārehi odhisopharaṇā mettā cetovimutti veditabbā.

Sabbe puratthimāya disāya sattā averā…pe… attānaṃ pariharantu. Sabbe pacchimāya disāya, sabbe uttarāya disāya, sabbe dakkhiṇāya disāya, sabbe puratthimāya anudisāya, sabbe pacchimāya anudisāya, sabbe uttarāya anudisāya, sabbe dakkhiṇāya anudisāya, sabbe heṭṭhimāya disāya, sabbe uparimāya disāya sattā averā…pe… pariharantu. Sabbe puratthimāya disāya pāṇā, bhūtā, puggalā, attabhāvapariyāpannā, averā…pe… pariharantu. Sabbā puratthimāya disāya itthiyo, sabbe purisā, ariyā, anariyā, devā, manussā, vinipātikā averā…pe… pariharantu. Sabbā pacchimāya disāya, uttarāya, dakkhiṇāya, puratthimāya anudisāya, pacchimāya, uttarāya, dakkhiṇāya anudisāya, heṭṭhimāya disāya, uparimāya disāya itthiyo…pe… vinipātikā averā abyāpajjā anīghā sukhī attānaṃ pariharantūti imehi dasahākārehi disāpharaṇā mettā cetovimutti veditabbā.

256. Tattha sabbeti anavasesapariyādānametaṃ. Sattāti rūpādīsu khandhesu chandarāgena sattā visattāti sattā. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā –