2. Dhammānussatikathā

146. Dhammānussatiṃ bhāvetukāmenāpi rahogatena paṭisallīnena ‘‘svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’’ti (a. ni. 6.10) evaṃ pariyattidhammassa ceva navavidhassa ca lokuttaradhammassa guṇā anussaritabbā.

147. Svākkhātoti imasmiṃ hi pade pariyattidhammopi saṅgahaṃ gacchati, itaresu lokuttaradhammova. Tattha pariyattidhammo tāva svākkhāto ādimajjhapariyosānakalyāṇattā sātthasabyañjanakevalaparipuṇṇaparisuddhabrahmacariyappakāsanattā ca. Yañhi bhagavā ekagāthampi deseti, sā samantabhaddakattā dhammassa paṭhamapādena ādikalyāṇā, dutiyatatiyapādehi majjhekalyāṇā, pacchimapādena pariyosānakalyāṇā. Ekānusandhikaṃ suttaṃ nidānena ādikalyāṇaṃ, nigamanena pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ, sesena majjhekalyāṇaṃ. Nānānusandhikaṃ suttaṃ paṭhamānusandhinā ādikalyāṇaṃ, pacchimena pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ, sesehi majjhekalyāṇaṃ. Apica sanidānasauppattikattā ādikalyāṇaṃ, veneyyānaṃ anurūpato atthassa aviparītatāya ca hetudāharaṇayuttato ca majjhekalyāṇaṃ, sotūnaṃ saddhāpaṭilābhajananena nigamanena ca pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ.

Sakalopi sāsanadhammo attano atthabhūtena sīlena ādikalyāṇo, samathavipassanāmaggaphalehi majjhekalyāṇo, nibbānena pariyosānakalyāṇo. Sīlasamādhīhi vā ādikalyāṇo, vipassanāmaggehi majjhekalyāṇo, phalanibbānehi pariyosānakalyāṇo. Buddhasubodhitāya vā ādikalyāṇo, dhammasudhammatāya majjhekalyāṇo, saṅghasuppaṭippattiyā pariyosānakalyāṇo. Taṃ sutvā tathatthāya paṭipannena adhigantabbāya abhisambodhiyā vā ādikalyāṇo, paccekabodhiyā majjhekalyāṇo, sāvakabodhiyā pariyosānakalyāṇo.

Suyyamāno cesa nīvaraṇavikkhambhanato savanenapi kalyāṇameva āvahatīti ādikalyāṇo, paṭipajjiyamāno samathavipassanāsukhāvahanato paṭipattiyāpi kalyāṇaṃ āvahatīti majjhekalyāṇo, tathāpaṭipanno ca paṭipattiphale niṭṭhite tādibhāvāvahanato paṭipattiphalenapi kalyāṇaṃ āvahatīti pariyosānakalyāṇoti evaṃ ādimajjhapariyosānakalyāṇattā svākkhāto.

Yaṃ panesa bhagavā dhammaṃ desento sāsanabrahmacariyaṃ maggabrahmacariyañca pakāseti nānānayehi dīpeti, taṃ yathānurūpaṃ atthasampattiyā sātthaṃ, byañjanasampattiyā sabyañjanaṃ. Saṅkāsanapakāsanavivaraṇavibhajanauttānīkaraṇapaññattiatthapadasamāyogato sātthaṃ, akkharapadabyañjanākāraniruttiniddesasampattiyā sabyañjanaṃ. Atthagambhīratāpaṭivedhagambhīratāhi sātthaṃ, dhammagambhīratādesanāgambhīratāhi sabyañjanaṃ. Atthapaṭibhānapaṭisambhidāvisayato sātthaṃ, dhammaniruttipaṭisambhidāvisayato sabyañjanaṃ. Paṇḍitavedanīyato parikkhakajanappasādakanti sātthaṃ, saddheyyato lokiyajanappasādakanti sabyañjanaṃ. Gambhīrādhippāyato sātthaṃ, uttānapadato sabyañjanaṃ. Upanetabbassa abhāvato sakalaparipuṇṇabhāvena kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ. Apanetabbassa abhāvato niddosabhāvena parisuddhaṃ.

Apica paṭipattiyā adhigamabyattito sātthaṃ, pariyattiyā āgamabyattito sabyañjanaṃ, sīlādipañcadhammakkhandhayuttato kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ, nirupakkilesato nittaraṇatthāya pavattito lokāmisanirapekkhato ca parisuddhanti evaṃ sātthasabyañjanakevalaparipuṇṇaparisuddhabrahmacariyappakāsanato svākkhāto.

Atthavipallāsābhāvato vā suṭṭhu akkhātoti svākkhāto. Yathā hi aññatitthiyānaṃ dhammassa attho vipallāsamāpajjati, antarāyikāti vuttadhammānaṃ antarāyikattābhāvato, niyyānikāti vuttadhammānaṃ niyyānikattābhāvato. Tena te durakkhātadhammāyeva honti, na tathā bhagavato dhammassa attho vipallāsamāpajjati. Ime dhammā antarāyikā, ime dhammā niyyānikāti evaṃ vuttadhammānaṃ tathābhāvānatikkamanatoti. Evaṃ tāva pariyattidhammo svākkhāto.

Lokuttaradhammo pana nibbānānurūpāya paṭipattiyā paṭipadānurūpassa ca nibbānassa akkhātattā svākkhāto. Yathāha – ‘‘supaññattā kho pana tena bhagavatā sāvakānaṃ nibbānagāminī paṭipadā saṃsandati nibbānañca paṭipadā ca. Seyyathāpi nāma gaṅgodakaṃ yamunodakena saṃsandati sameti, evameva supaññattā (dī. ni. 2.296) tena bhagavatā sāvakānaṃ nibbānagāminī paṭipadā saṃsandati nibbānañca paṭipadā cā’’ti. Ariyamaggo cettha antadvayaṃ anupagamma majjhimā paṭipadābhūtova ‘‘majjhimā paṭipadā’’ti akkhātattā svākkhāto. Sāmaññaphalāni paṭipassaddhakilesāneva ‘‘paṭipassaddhakilesānī’’ti akkhātattā svākkhātāni. Nibbānaṃ sassatāmatatāṇaleṇādisabhāvameva sassatādisabhāvavasena akkhātattā svākkhātanti evaṃ lokuttaradhammopi svākkhāto.

148. Sandiṭṭhikoti ettha pana ariyamaggo tāva attano santāne rāgādīnaṃ abhāvaṃ karontena ariyapuggalena sāmaṃ daṭṭhabboti sandiṭṭhiko. Yathāha –‘‘ratto kho, brāhmaṇa, rāgena abhibhūto pariyādiṇṇacitto attabyābādhāyapi ceteti, parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti. Cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Rāge pahīne neva attabyābādhāya ceteti, na parabyābādhāya ceteti, na ubhayabyābādhāya ceteti, na cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Evampi kho, brāhmaṇa, sandiṭṭhiko dhammo hotī’’ti(a. ni. 3.54). Apica navavidhopi lokuttaradhammo yena yena adhigato hoti, tena tena parasaddhāya gantabbataṃ hitvā paccavekkhaṇañāṇena sayaṃ daṭṭhabboti sandiṭṭhiko. Atha vā pasatthā diṭṭhi sandiṭṭhi, sandiṭṭhiyā jayatīti sandiṭṭhiko. Tathā hettha ariyamaggo sampayuttāya, ariyaphalaṃ kāraṇabhūtāya, nibbānaṃ visayibhūtāya sandiṭṭhiyā kilese jayati. Tasmā yathā rathena jayatīti rathiko, evaṃ navavidhopi lokuttaradhammo sandiṭṭhiyā jayatīti sandiṭṭhiko.

Atha vā diṭṭhanti dassanaṃ vuccati. Diṭṭhameva sandiṭṭhaṃ, dassananti attho. Sandiṭṭhaṃ arahatīti sandiṭṭhiko. Lokuttaradhammo hi bhāvanābhisamayavasena sacchikiriyābhisamayavasena ca dissamānoyeva vaṭṭabhayaṃ nivatteti. Tasmā yathā vatthaṃ arahatīti vatthiko, evaṃ sandiṭṭhaṃ arahatīti sandiṭṭhiko.

149. Attano phaladānaṃ sandhāya nāssa kāloti akālo. Akāloyeva akāliko. Na pañcāhasattāhādibhedaṃ kālaṃ khepetvā phalaṃ deti, attano pana pavattisamanantarameva phaladoti vuttaṃ hoti. Atha vā attano phaladāne pakaṭṭho kālo patto assāti kāliko. Ko so? Lokiyo kusaladhammo. Ayaṃ pana samanantaraphalattā na kālikoti akāliko. Idaṃ maggameva sandhāya vuttaṃ.

150. ‘‘Ehi passa imaṃ dhamma’’nti evaṃ pavattaṃ ehipassavidhiṃ arahatīti ehipassiko. Kasmā panesa taṃ vidhiṃ arahatīti? Vijjamānattā parisuddhattā ca. Rittamuṭṭhiyaṃ hi hiraññaṃ vā suvaṇṇaṃ vā atthīti vatvāpi ‘‘ehi passa ima’’nti na sakkā vattuṃ. Kasmā? Avijjamānattā. Vijjamānampi ca gūthaṃ vā muttaṃ vā manuññabhāvappakāsanena cittasampahaṃsanatthaṃ ‘‘ehi passa ima’’nti na sakkā vattuṃ. Apica kho pana tiṇehi vā paṇṇehi vā paṭicchādetabbameva hoti. Kasmā? Aparisuddhattā. Ayaṃ pana navavidhopi lokuttaradhammo sabhāvatova vijjamāno vigatavalāhake ākāse sampuṇṇacandamaṇḍalaṃ viya paṇḍukambale nikkhittajātimaṇi viya ca parisuddho. Tasmā vijjamānattā parisuddhattā ca ehipassavidhiṃ arahatīti ehipassiko.

151. Upanetabboti opaneyyiko. Ayaṃ panettha vinicchayo, upanayanaṃ upanayo, ādittaṃ celaṃ vā sīsaṃ vā ajjhupekkhitvāpi bhāvanāvasena attano citte upanayanaṃ arahatīti opanayiko. Opanayikova opaneyyiko. Idaṃ saṅkhate lokuttaradhamme yujjati. Asaṅkhate pana attano cittena upanayanaṃ arahatīti opaneyyiko. Sacchikiriyāvasena allīyanaṃ arahatīti attho.

Atha vā nibbānaṃ upanetīti ariyamaggo upaneyyo. Sacchikātabbataṃ upanetabboti phalanibbānadhammo upaneyyo. Upaneyyo eva opaneyyiko.

152. Paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhīti sabbehipi ugghaṭitaññūādīhi viññūhi attani attani veditabbo ‘‘bhāvito me maggo, adhigataṃ phalaṃ, sacchikato nirodho’’ti. Na hi upajjhāyena bhāvitena maggena saddhivihārikassa kilesā pahīyanti, na so tassa phalasamāpattiyā phāsuviharati, na tena sacchikataṃ nibbānaṃ sacchikaroti. Tasmā na esa parassa sīse ābharaṇaṃ viya daṭṭhabbo, attano pana citteyeva daṭṭhabbo, anubhavitabbo viññūhīti vuttaṃ hoti. Bālānaṃ pana avisayo cesa.

Apica svākkhāto ayaṃ dhammo. Kasmā? Sandiṭṭhikattā. Sandiṭṭhiko, akālikattā. Akāliko, ehipassikattā. Yo ca ehipassiko, so nāma opaneyyiko hotīti.

153. Tassevaṃ svākkhātatādibhede dhammaguṇe anussarato neva tasmiṃ samaye rāgapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Na dosa…pe… na mohapariyuṭṭhitaṃ cittaṃ hoti. Ujugatamevassa tasmiṃ samaye cittaṃ hoti dhammaṃ ārabbhāti (a. ni. 6.10) purimanayeneva vikkhambhitanīvaraṇassa ekakkhaṇe jhānaṅgāni uppajjanti. Dhammaguṇānaṃ pana gambhīratāya nānappakāraguṇānussaraṇādhimuttatāya vā appanaṃ appatvā upacārappattameva jhānaṃ hoti. Tadetaṃ dhammaguṇānussaraṇavasena uppannattā dhammānussaticceva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.

Imañca pana dhammānussatiṃ anuyutto bhikkhu evaṃ opaneyyikassa dhammassa desetāraṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāmi, na panetarahi aññatra tena bhagavatāti evaṃ dhammaguṇadassaneneva satthari sagāravo hoti sappatisso. Dhamme garucittīkāro saddhādivepullaṃ adhigacchati, pītipāmojjabahulo hoti, bhayabheravasaho, dukkhādhivāsanasamattho, dhammena saṃvāsasaññaṃ paṭilabhati, dhammaguṇānussatiyā ajjhāvutthañcassa sarīrampi cetiyagharamiva pūjārahaṃ hoti, anuttaradhammādhigamāya cittaṃ namati, vītikkamitabbavatthusamāyoge cassa dhammasudhammataṃ samanussarato hirottappaṃ paccupaṭṭhāti. Uttari appaṭivijjhanto pana sugatiparāyano hoti.

Tasmā have appamādaṃ, kayirātha sumedhaso;

Evaṃ mahānubhāvāya, dhammānussatiyā sadāti.

Idaṃ dhammānussatiyaṃ vitthārakathāmukhaṃ.