13. Nesajjikaṅgakathā

36. Nesajjikaṅgampi ‘‘seyyaṃ paṭikkhipāmi, nesajjikaṅgaṃ samādiyāmī’’ti imesaṃ aññataravacanena samādinnaṃ hoti.

Tena pana nesajjikena rattiyā tīsu yāmesu ekaṃ yāmaṃ uṭṭhāya caṅkamitabbaṃ. Iriyāpathesu hi nipajjitumeva na vaṭṭati. Idamassa vidhānaṃ.

Pabhedato pana ayampi tividho hoti. Tattha ukkaṭṭhassa neva apassenaṃ, na dussapallatthikā, na āyogapaṭṭo vaṭṭati. Majjhimassa imesu tīsu yaṃkiñci vaṭṭati. Mudukassa apassenampi dussapallatthikāpi āyogapaṭṭopi bibbohanampi pañcaṅgopi sattaṅgopi vaṭṭati. Pañcaṅgo pana piṭṭhiapassayena saddhiṃ kato. Sattaṅgo nāma piṭṭhiapassayena ca ubhatopassesu apassayehi ca saddhiṃ kato. Taṃ kira miḷābhayattherassa akaṃsu. Thero anāgāmī hutvā parinibbāyi.

Imesaṃ pana tiṇṇampi seyyaṃ kappitamatte dhutaṅgaṃ bhijjati. Ayamettha bhedo.

Ayaṃ panānisaṃso, ‘‘seyyasukhaṃ passasukhaṃ middhasukhaṃ anuyutto viharatī’’ti (dī. ni. 3.320; ma. ni. 1.186) vuttassa cetaso vinibandhassa upacchedanaṃ, sabbakammaṭṭhānānuyogasappāyatā, pāsādikairiyāpathatā, vīriyārambhānukūlatā, sammāpaṭipattiyā anubrūhananti.

Ābhujitvāna pallaṅkaṃ, paṇidhāya ujuṃ tanuṃ;

Nisīdanto vikampeti, mārassa hadayaṃ yati.

Seyyasukhaṃ middhasukhaṃ, hitvā āraddhavīriyo;

Nisajjābhirato bhikkhu, sobhayanto tapovanaṃ.

Nirāmisaṃ pītisukhaṃ, yasmā samadhigacchati;

Tasmā samanuyuñjeyya, dhīro nesajjikaṃ vatanti.

Ayaṃ nesajjikaṅge samādāna vidhānappabheda bhedānisaṃsavaṇṇanā.

Dhutaṅgapakiṇṇakakathā

37. Idāni –

Kusalattikato ceva, dhutādīnaṃ vibhāgato;

Samāsabyāsato cāpi, viññātabbo vinicchayoti. –

Imissā gāthāya vasena vaṇṇanā hoti.

Tattha kusalattikatoti sabbāneva hi dhutaṅgāni sekkhaputhujjanakhīṇāsavānaṃ vasena siyā kusalāni, siyā abyākatāni, natthi dhutaṅgaṃ akusalanti.

Yo pana vadeyya ‘‘pāpiccho icchāpakato āraññiko hotīti ādivacanato (a. ni. 5.181; pari. 325) akusalampi dhutaṅga’’nti. So vattabbo – na mayaṃ ‘‘akusalacittena araññe na vasatī’’ti vadāma. Yassa hi araññe nivāso, so āraññiko. So ca pāpiccho vā bhaveyya appiccho vā. Imāni pana tena tena samādānena dhutakilesattā dhutassa bhikkhuno aṅgāni, kilesadhunanato vā dhutanti laddhavohāraṃ ñāṇaṃ aṅgametesanti dhutaṅgāni. Atha vā dhutāni ca tāni paṭipakkhaniddhunanato aṅgāni ca paṭipattiyātipi dhutaṅgānīti vuttaṃ. Na ca akusalena koci dhuto nāma hoti, yassetāni aṅgāni bhaveyyuṃ, na ca akusalaṃ kiñci dhunāti, yesaṃ taṃ aṅgantikatvā dhutaṅgānīti vucceyyuṃ. Nāpi akusalaṃ cīvaraloluppādīni ceva niddhunāti paṭipattiyā ca aṅgaṃ hoti. Tasmā suvuttamidaṃ ‘‘natthi akusalaṃ dhutaṅga’’nti.

‘‘Yesampi kusalattikavinimuttaṃ dhutaṅgaṃ, tesaṃ atthato dhutaṅgameva natthi. Asantaṃ kassa dhunanato dhutaṅgaṃ nāma bhavissati. Dhutaguṇe samādāya vattatīti vacanavirodhopi ca nesaṃ āpajjati, tasmā taṃ na gahetabba’’nti ayaṃ tāva kusalattikato vaṇṇanā.

Dhutādīnaṃ vibhāgatoti dhuto veditabbo. Dhutavādo veditabbo. Dhutadhammā veditabbā. Dhutaṅgāni veditabbāni. Kassa dhutaṅgasevanā sappāyāti veditabbaṃ.

Tattha dhutoti dhutakileso vā puggalo kilesadhunano vā dhammo.

Dhutavādoti ettha pana atthi dhuto na dhutavādo, atthi na dhuto dhutavādo, atthi neva dhuto na dhutavādo, atthi dhuto ceva dhutavādo ca.

Tattha yo dhutaṅgena attano kilese dhuni, paraṃ pana dhutaṅgena na ovadati, nānusāsati bākulatthero viya, ayaṃ dhuto na dhutavādo. Yathāha, ‘‘tayidaṃ āyasmā bākulo dhuto na dhutavādo’’ti. Yo pana na dhutaṅgena attano kilese dhuni, kevalaṃ aññe dhutaṅgena ovadati anusāsati upanandatthero viya, ayaṃ na dhuto dhutavādo. Yathāha, ‘‘tayidaṃ āyasmā upanando sakyaputto na dhuto dhutavādo’’ti. Yo ubhayavipanno lāḷudāyī viya, ayaṃ neva dhuto na dhutavādo. Yathāha, ‘‘tayidaṃ āyasmā lāḷudāyī neva dhuto na dhutavādo’’ti. Yo pana ubhayasampanno dhammasenāpati viya, ayaṃ dhuto ceva dhutavādo ca. Yathāha, ‘‘tayidaṃ āyasmā sāriputto dhuto ceva dhutavādo cāti.

Dhutadhammā veditabbāti appicchatā, santuṭṭhitā, sallekhatā, pavivekatā, idamatthitāti ime dhutaṅgacetanāya parivārakā pañca dhammā ‘‘appicchataṃyeva nissāyā’’tiādivacanato (a. ni. 5.181; pari. 325) dhutadhammā nāma, tattha appicchatā ca santuṭṭhitā ca alobho. Sallekhatā ca pavivekatā ca dvīsu dhammesu anupatanti alobhe ca amohe ca. Idamatthitā ñāṇameva. Tattha ca alobhena paṭikkhepavatthūsu lobhaṃ, amohena tesveva ādīnavapaṭicchādakaṃ mohaṃ dhunāti. Alobhena ca anuññātānaṃ paṭisevanamukhena pavattaṃ kāmasukhānuyogaṃ, amohena dhutaṅgesu atisallekhamukhena pavattaṃ attakilamathānuyogaṃ dhunāti. Tasmā ime dhammā dhutadhammāti veditabbā.

Dhutaṅgāni veditabbānīti terasa dhutaṅgāni veditabbāni paṃsukūlikaṅgaṃ…pe… nesajjikaṅganti. Tāni atthato lakkhaṇādīhi ca vuttāneva.

Kassa dhutaṅgasevanā sappāyāti rāgacaritassa ceva mohacaritassa ca. Kasmā? Dhutaṅgasevanā hi dukkhāpaṭipadā ceva sallekhavihāro ca. Dukkhāpaṭipadañca nissāya rāgo vūpasammati. Sallekhaṃ nissāya appamattassa moho pahīyati. Āraññikaṅgarukkhamūlikaṅgapaṭisevanā vā ettha dosacaritassāpi sappāyā. Tattha hissa asaṅghaṭṭiyamānassa viharato dosopi vūpasammatīti ayaṃ dhutādīnaṃ vibhāgato vaṇṇanā.

Samāsabyāsatoti imāni pana dhutaṅgāni samāsato tīṇi sīsaṅgāni, pañca asambhinnaṅgānīti aṭṭheva honti. Tattha sapadānacārikaṅgaṃ, ekāsanikaṅgaṃ, abbhokāsikaṅganti imāni tīṇi sīsaṅgāni. Sapadānacārikaṅgañhi rakkhanto piṇḍapātikaṅgampi rakkhissati. Ekāsanikaṅgañca rakkhato pattapiṇḍikaṅgakhalupacchābhattikaṅgānipi surakkhanīyāni bhavissanti. Abbhokāsikaṅgaṃ rakkhantassa kiṃ atthi rukkhamūlikaṅgayathāsanthatikaṅgesu rakkhitabbaṃ nāma. Iti imāni tīṇi sīsaṅgāni, āraññikaṅgaṃ, paṃsukūlikaṅgaṃ, tecīvarikaṅgaṃ, nesajjikaṅgaṃ, sosānikaṅganti imāni pañca asambhinnaṅgāni cāti aṭṭheva honti.

Puna dve cīvarapaṭisaṃyuttāni, pañca piṇḍapātapaṭisaṃyuttāni, pañca senāsanapaṭisaṃyuttāni, ekaṃ vīriyapaṭisaṃyuttanti evaṃ cattārova honti. Tattha nesajjikaṅgaṃ vīriyapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ. Itarāni pākaṭāneva.

Puna sabbāneva nissayavasena dve honti paccayanissitāni dvādasa, vīriyanissitaṃ ekanti. Sevitabbāsevitabbavasenapi dveyeva honti. Yassa hi dhutaṅgaṃ sevantassa kammaṭṭhānaṃ vaḍḍhati, tena sevitabbāni. Yassa sevato hāyati, tena na sevitabbāni. Yassa pana sevatopi asevatopi vaḍḍhateva, na hāyati, tenāpi pacchimaṃ janataṃ anukampantena sevitabbāni. Yassāpi sevatopi asevatopi na vaḍḍhati, tenāpi sevitabbāniyeva āyatiṃ vāsanatthāyāti.

Evaṃ sevitabbāsevitabbavasena duvidhānipi sabbāneva cetanāvasena ekavidhāni honti. Ekameva hi dhutaṅgaṃ samādānacetanāti. Aṭṭhakathāyampi vuttaṃ ‘‘yā cetanā, taṃ dhutaṅganti vadantī’’ti.

Byāsato pana bhikkhūnaṃ terasa, bhikkhunīnaṃ aṭṭha, sāmaṇerānaṃ dvādasa, sikkhamānasāmaṇerīnaṃ satta, upāsakaupāsikānaṃ dveti dvācattālīsa honti. Sace pana abbhokāse āraññikaṅgasampannaṃ susānaṃ hoti, ekopi bhikkhu ekappahārena sabbadhutaṅgāni paribhuñjituṃ sakkoti. Bhikkhunīnaṃ pana āraññikaṅgaṃ khalupacchābhattikaṅgañca dvepi sikkhāpadeneva paṭikkhittāni, abbhokāsikaṅgaṃ, rukkhamūlikaṅgaṃ, sosānikaṅganti imāni tīṇi dupparihārāni. Bhikkhuniyā hi dutiyikaṃ vinā vasituṃ na vaṭṭati. Evarūpe ca ṭhāne samānacchandā dutiyikā dullabhā. Sacepi labheyya saṃsaṭṭhavihārato na mucceyya. Evaṃ sati yassatthāya dhutaṅgaṃ seveyya, svevassā attho na sampajjeyya. Evaṃ paribhuñjituṃ asakkuṇeyyatāya pañca hāpetvā bhikkhunīnaṃ aṭṭheva hontīti veditabbāni. Yathāvuttesu pana ṭhapetvā tecīvarikaṅgaṃ sesāni dvādasa sāmaṇerānaṃ, satta sikkhamānasāmaṇerīnaṃ veditabbāni. Upāsakaupāsikānaṃ pana ekāsanikaṅgaṃ, pattapiṇḍikaṅganti imāni dve patirūpāni ceva sakkā ca paribhuñjitunti dve dhutaṅgānīti evaṃ byāsato dvecattālīsa hontīti ayaṃ samāsabyāsato vaṇṇanā.

Ettāvatā ca ‘‘sīle patiṭṭhāya naro sapañño’’ti imissā gāthāya sīlasamādhipaññāmukhena desite visuddhimagge yehi appicchatāsantuṭṭhitādīhi guṇehi vuttappakārassa sīlassa vodānaṃ hoti, tesaṃ sampādanatthaṃ samādātabbadhutaṅgakathā bhāsitā hoti.

Iti sādhujanapāmojjatthāya kate visuddhimagge

Dhutaṅganiddeso nāma dutiyo paricchedo.