5. Okārantapulliṅganāmikapadamālā

Bhū dhātuto pavattānaṃ, nāmikānamito paraṃ;

Nāmamālaṃ pakāsissaṃ, nāmamālantarampi ca.

Vippakiṇṇakathā ettha, evaṃ vutte na hessati;

Pabhedo nāmamālānaṃ, paripuṇṇova hehiti.

Pubbācariyasīhānaṃ, tasmā idha mataṃ sutaṃ;

Purecaraṃ karitvāna, vakkhāmi savinicchayaṃ.

Puriso, purisā. Purisaṃ, purise. Purisena, purisehi, purisebhi. Purisassa, purisānaṃ. Purisā, purisasmā, purisamhā, purisehi, purisebhi. Purisassa, purisānaṃ. Purise, purisasmiṃ, purisamhi, purisesu. Bho purisa, bhavanto purisā.

Ayamāyasmatā mahākaccānena pabhinnapaṭisambhidena katasmā niruttipiṭakato uddharito purisaiccetassa pakatirūpassa nāmikapadamālānayo. Tatra purisavacanaekavacanaputhuvacanesu paccattavacanādīni bhavanti. Taṃ yathā? Puriso tiṭṭhati, purisā tiṭṭhanti. Tatra purisoti purisavacane ekavacane paccattavacanaṃ bhavati, purisāti purisavacane puthuvacane paccattavacanaṃ bhavati.

Purisaṃ passati, purise passati. Tatra purisanti purisavacane ekavacane upayogavacanaṃ bhavati, puriseti purisavacane puthuvacane upayogavacanaṃ bhavati.

Purisena kataṃ, purisehi kataṃ, purisebhi kataṃ. Tatra purisenāti purisavacane ekavacane karaṇavacanaṃ bhavati, purisehi, purisebhīti purisavacane puthuvacane karaṇavacanaṃ bhavati.

Purisassa dīyate, purisānaṃ dīyate. Tatra purisassāti purisavacane ekavacane sampadānavacanaṃ bhavati, purisānanti purisavacane puthuvacane sampadānavacanaṃ bhavati.

Purisā nissaṭaṃ, purisasmā nissaṭaṃ, purisamhā nissaṭaṃ, purisehi nissaṭaṃ, purisebhi nissaṭaṃ. Tatra purisāti purisavacane ekavacane nissakkavacanaṃ bhavati. Purisasmāti…pe… purisamhāti purisavacane ekavacane nissakkavacanaṃ bhavati, purisehi, purisebhīti purisavacane puthuvacane nissakkavacanaṃ bhavati.

Purisassa pariggaho, purisānaṃ pariggaho. Tatra purisassāti purisavacane ekavacane sāmivacanaṃ bhavati, purisānanti purisavacane puthuvacane sāmivacanaṃ bhavati.

Purise patiṭṭhitaṃ, purisasmiṃ patiṭṭhitaṃ, purisamhi patiṭṭhitaṃ, purisesu patiṭṭhitaṃ. Tatra puriseti purisavacane ekavacane bhummavacanaṃ bhavati, purisasminti…pe… purisamhīti…pe… purisesūti purisavacane puthuvacane bhummavacanaṃ bhavati.

Bho purisa tiṭṭha, bhavanto purisā tiṭṭhatha. Tatra bho purisaiti purisavacane ekavacane ālapanaṃ bhavati, bhavanto purisāiti purisavacane puthuvacane ālapanaṃ bhavatīti iminā nayena sabbattha nayo vitthāretabbo.

Yamakamahātherena katāya pana cūḷaniruttiyaṃ ‘‘bho purisa’’iti rassavasena ālapanekavacanaṃ vatvā ‘‘bho purisā’’iti dīghavasena ālapanabahuvacanaṃ vuttaṃ. Kiñcāpi tādiso nayo niruttipiṭake natthi, tathāpi bahūnamālapanavisaye ‘‘bho yakkhā’’itiādīnaṃ ālapanabahuvacanānaṃ jātakaṭṭhakathādīsu dissanato pasatthatarova hoti viññūnaṃ pamāṇañca, tasmā iminā yamakamahātheramatenapi ‘‘puriso purisā purisa’’ntiādīni vatvā āmantane ‘‘bho purisa, bho purisā, bhavanto purisā’’ti nāmikapadamālā yojetabbā.

Tattha purisoti paṭhamāya ekavacanaṃ. Purisāti bahuvacanaṃ. Purisanti dutiyāya ekavacanaṃ. Puriseti bahuvacanaṃ. Purisenāti tatiyāya ekavacanaṃ. Purisehi, purisebhīti dve bahuvacanāni. Purisassāti catutthiyā ekavacanaṃ. Purisānanti bahuvacanaṃ. Purisā, purisasmā, purisamhāti tīṇi pañcamiyā ekavacanāni. Purisehi, purisebhīti dve bahuvacanāni. Purisassāti chaṭṭhiyā ekavacanaṃ. Purisānanti bahuvacanaṃ. Purise, purisasmiṃ, purisamhīti tīṇi sattamiyā ekavacanāni. Purisesūti bahuvacanaṃ. Bho purisāti aṭṭhamiyā ekavacanaṃ. Bho purisā, bhavanto purisāti dve bahuvacanāni.

Kiñcāpetesu ‘‘purisā’’ti idaṃ paṭhamāpañcamīaṭṭhamīnaṃ, ‘‘purise’’ti idaṃ dutiyāsattamīnaṃ, ‘‘purisehi, purisebhī’’ti tatiyāpañcamīnaṃ, ‘‘purisāna’’nti catutthīchaṭṭhīnaṃ ekasadisaṃ, tathāpi atthavasena asaṅkarabhāvo veditabbo. Kathaṃ? ‘‘Puriso tiṭṭhati, purisā tiṭṭhanti. Purisaṃ passati, purise passatī’’tiādinā.

Tattha ca bhoti āmantanatthe nipāto. So na kevalaṃ ekavacanaṃyeva hoti, atha kho bahuvacanampi hotīti ‘‘bho purisā’’iti bahuvacanappayogopi gahito. ‘‘Bhavanto’’tidaṃ pana bahuvacanameva hotīti ‘‘purisā’’ti puna vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Iti yamakamahātherena ‘‘bho purisa’’iti rassavasena ālapanekavacanaṃ vatvā ‘‘bho purisā’’iti dīghavasena ālapanabahuvacanaṃ vuttaṃ. Tathā hi pāḷiyaṃ aṭṭhakathāsu ca nipātabhūto bhosaddo ekavacanabahuvacanavasena dvidhā bhijjati. Atrimāni nidassanapadāni – ‘‘api nu kho sapariggahānaṃ tevijjānaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ apariggahena brahmunā saddhiṃ saṃsandati sametīti, no hidaṃ bho gotama. Acchariyaṃ bho ānanda, abbhutaṃ bho ānanda, ehi bho samaṇa, bho pabbajita’’iccādipāḷito aṭṭhakathāto ca bhosaddassa ekavacanappayoge pavattinidassanaṃ, ‘‘tena hi bho mamapi suṇātha. Yathā mayameva arahāma taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ, nāhaṃ bho samaṇassa gotamassa subhāsitaṃ subhāsitato nābbhanumodāmi, passatha bho imaṃ kulaputtaṃ. Bho yakkhā ahaṃ imaṃ tumhākaṃ bhājetvā dadeyyaṃ. Aparisuddho panamhi, bho dhuttā tumhākaṃ kriyā mayhaṃ na ruccati. So te purise āha bho tumhe maṃ mārentā rañño dassetvāva mārethā’’ti iccādi pana pāḷito aṭṭhakathāto ca bhosaddassa bahuvacanappayoge pavattinidassanaṃ. Kaccāyanappakaraṇe pana ‘‘bho purisa, bho purisā’’ti padadvayaṃ ālapanekavacanavasena vuttaṃ. Taṃ yathā āgamehi na virujjhati, tathā gahetabbaṃ.

Keci pana adūraṭṭhassālapane ‘‘bho purisa’’iti rassavasena ālapanekavacanaṃ icchanti, dūraṭṭhassālapane pana ‘‘bho purisā’’iti dīghavasena ālapanekavacanaṃ icchanti. Adūraṭṭhānaṃ dūraṭṭhānañca purisānaṃ itthīnañca ālapane na kiñci vadanti. Tathā adūraṭṭhāya dūraṭṭhāya ca itthiyā ālapane te pucchitabbā ‘‘adūraṭṭhānaṃ dūraṭṭhānañca purisānamālapane kathaṃ vattabba’’nti. Addhā te evaṃ puṭṭhā uttari kiñci vattuṃ na sakkhissanti. Evampi te ce vadeyyuṃ ‘‘bhavanto purisāti imināva adūraṭṭhānaṃ dūraṭṭhānañca purisānamālapanaṃ bhavatī’’ti. Tadā te vattabbā ‘‘yadi bhavanto purisā’’ti iminā advejjhena vacanena adūraṭṭhānaṃ dūraṭṭhānañca purisānamālapanaṃ bhavati, evaṃ sante ‘‘bho purisa’’iti rassapadenapi dūraṭṭhassa ca purisassālapanaṃ vattabbaṃ, evaṃ avatvā kimatthaṃ adūraṭṭhassālapane ‘‘bho purisa’’iti rassavasena ālapanekavacanaṃ icchatha, kimatthañca dūraṭṭhassālapane ‘‘bho purisā’’iti dīghavasena ālapanekavacanaṃ icchatha.

Nanu ‘‘taggha bhagavā bojjhaṅgā, taggha sugata bojjhaṅgā’’tiādīsu ālapanapadabhūtaṃ ‘‘bhagavā’’iti dīghapadaṃ samīpe ṭhitakālepi dūre ṭhitakālepi buddhassālapanapadaṃ bhavitumarahateva, tathā ālapanapadabhūtaṃ ‘‘sugata’’iti rassapadampi. Yasmā panetesu ‘‘bhagavā’’ti ālapanapadassa na katthacipi rassattaṃ dissati, ‘‘sugatā’’ti ālapanapadassa ca na katthacipi dīghattaṃ dissati, tasmā dīgharassamattābhedaṃ acintetvā ‘‘purisa’’iti rassavasena vuttapadaṃ pakatissaravasena samīpe ṭhitassa purisassa āmantanakāle adūraṭṭhassālapanapadaṃ bhavati, āyatassaravasena dūre ṭhitapurisassa āmantanakāle dūraṭṭhassālapanapadaṃ bhavatīti gahetabbaṃ. Tathā ‘‘bhavanto purisā, bho yakkhā, bho dhuttā’’tiādīni dīghavasena vuttāni ālapanabahuvacanapadānipi pakatissaravasena samīpe ṭhitapurisānaṃ āmantanakāle adūraṭṭhānamālapanapadāni bhavanti, āyatassaravasena dūre ṭhitapurisādīnaṃ āmantanakāle dūraṭṭhānamālapanapadāni bhavantīti gahetabbāni. Tathā hi brāhmaṇā katthaci katthaci rassaṭṭhānepi dīghaṭṭhānepi āyatena sarena majjhimāyatena sarena accāyatena ca sarena vedaṃ paṭhanti likhitumasakkuṇeyyena gītassarena viya. Iti sabbakkharesupi āyatena sarenuccāraṇaṃ labbhateva likhitumasakkuṇeyyaṃ, tasmā asampathamanotaritvā ‘‘bho purisa’’iti vacanena dūraṭṭhassa ca adūraṭṭhassa ca purisassālapanaṃ bhavati, ‘‘bho purisā, bhavanto purisā’’ti imehi vacanehipi dūraṭṭhānañca adūraṭṭhānañca purisānamālapanaṃ bhavatīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Iti dūraṭṭhassa adūraṭṭhānañca āyatena sarena āmantanameva pamāṇaṃ, na dīgharassamattāviseso, tasmā ‘‘bho sattha, bho rāja, bho gaccha, bho muni, bho daṇḍi, bho bhikkhu, bho sayambhu, bhoti kaññe, bhoti patti, bhoti itthi, bhoti yāgu, bhoti vadhu, bho kula, bho aṭṭhi, bho cakkhu’’iccevamādīhi padehi adūraṭṭhassālapanañca dūraṭṭhassālapanañca bhavati. ‘‘Bhavanto satthā, satthāro, bhotiyo kaññā, kaññāyo’’ti evamādīhipi padehi adūraṭṭhānañcālapanaṃ bhavatīti daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Idaṃ panettha sanniṭṭhānaṃ –

Tassa taṃ vacanaṃ sutvā, rañño puttaṃ adassayuṃ;

Putto ca pitaraṃ disvā, dūratovajjhabhāsatha.

Āgacchu dovārikā khaggabandhā,

Kāsāviyā hantu mamaṃ janinda;

Akkhāhi me pucchito etamatthaṃ,

Aparādho ko nvidha mamajja atthi.

Evaṃ saddhammarājena, vohārakusalena ve;

Sudesite somanassa-jātake sabbadassinā.

Dūraṭṭhānepi rassattaṃ, ‘‘janinda’’iti dissati;

Na katthacipi dīghattaṃ, iti nīti mayā matā.

Idampettha vattabbaṃ ‘‘kuto nu bho idamāyātaṃ ‘dūraṭṭhassālapanaṃ adūraṭṭhassālapanami’ti’’? Saddasatthato. Saddasatthaṃ nāma na sabbaso buddhavacanassopakārakaṃ, ekadesena pana hoti.

Imasmiṃ pakaraṇe ‘‘bahuvacana’’nti vā ‘‘puthuvacana’’nti vā ‘‘anekavacana’’nti vā atthato ekaṃ, byañjanameva nānaṃ, tasmā sabbattha ‘‘bahuvacana’’nti vā ‘‘puthuvacana’’nti vā ‘‘anekavacana’’nti vā vohāro kātabbo, puthuvacanaṃ anekavacananti ca idaṃ sāsane niruttaññūnaṃ vohāro, itaraṃ saddasatthavidūnaṃ.

Kasmā pana imasmiṃ pakaraṇe dvivacanaṃ na vuttanti? Yasmā buddhavacane dvivacanaṃ nāma natthi, tasmā na vuttanti. Nanu buddhavacane vacanattayaṃ atthi, tathā hi ‘‘āyasmā’’ti idaṃ ekavacanaṃ, ‘‘āyasmantā’’ti idaṃ dvivacanaṃ, ‘‘āyasmanto’’ti idaṃ bahuvacananti? Tanna, yadi ‘‘āyasmantā’’ti idaṃ vacanaṃ dvivacanaṃ bhaveyya, ‘‘puriso purisā’’tiādīsu kataraṃ dvivacananti vadeyyātha, tasmā buddhavacane dvivacanaṃ nāma natthi. Teneva hi si yo aṃ yo nā hītiādinā ekavacanabahuvacanāneva dassitānīti.

Nanu ca bho ‘‘suṇantu me āyasmantā, ajja uposatho pannaraso. Yadāyasmantānaṃ pattakallaṃ, mayaṃ aññamaññaṃ pārisuddhiuposathaṃ kareyyāmā’’ti pāḷiyaṃ dve sandhāya ‘‘āyasmantā’’ti vuttaṃ, ‘‘uddiṭṭhā kho āyasmanto cattāro pārājikā dhammā’’tiādīsu pana pāḷīsu bahavo sandhāya ‘‘āyasmanto’’ti vuttaṃ, na ca sakkā vattuṃ ‘‘yathā tathā vutta’’nti, parivāsādiārocanepi aṭṭhakathācariyehi viññātasugatādhippāyehi ‘‘dvinnaṃ ārocentena ‘āyasmantā dhārentū’ti, tiṇṇaṃ ārocentena ‘āyasmanto dhārentū’ti vattabba’’nti vuttattāti? Saccaṃ vuttaṃ, taṃ pana vinayavohāravasena vuttanti. Nanu vinayo buddhavacanaṃ, kasmā ‘‘buddhavacane dvivacanaṃ nāma natthī’’ti vadathāti? Saccaṃ vinayo buddhavacanaṃ, tathāpi vinayakammavasena vuttattā upalakkhaṇamattaṃ, na sabbasādhāraṇabahuvacanapariyāpannaṃ. Yadi hi ‘‘āyasmantā’’ti idaṃ dvivacanaṃ siyā, tappayogānipi kriyāpadāni dvivacanāneva siyuṃ, tathārūpānipi kriyāpadāni na santi. Na hi akkharasamayakovido jhānalābhīpi dibbacakkhunā vassasatampi vassasahassampi samavekkhanto buddhavacane ekampi kriyāpadaṃ dvivacananti passeyya, evaṃ kriyāpadesu dvivacanassābhāvā nāmikapadesu dvivacanaṃ natthi. Nāmikapadesu tadabhāvāpi kriyāpadesu tadabhāvo veditabbo. Sakkaṭabhāsāyaṃ dvīsupi dvivacanāni santi, māgadhabhāsāyaṃ pana natthi.

Apica ‘‘puthuvacana’’nti niruttivohāropi ‘‘buddhavacane dvivacanaṃ natthī’’ti etamatthaṃ dīpeti. Tañhi sakkaṭabhāsāyaṃ vuttā dvivacanato bahuvacanato ca visuṃbhūtaṃ vacanaṃ, tattha vā vuttehi atthehi visuṃbhūtassa atthassa vacanaṃ ‘‘puthuvacana’’nti vuccati. Kathamidaṃ sakkaṭabhāsāyaṃ vuttā dvivacanato bahuvacanato ca visuṃbhūtaṃ vacananti ce? Yasmā sakkaṭabhāsāyaṃ ‘‘puthuvacana’’nti vohāro natthi, tasmā idaṃ tehi sakkaṭabhāsāyaṃ vuttehi dvivacanabahuvacanehi visuṃbhūtaatthassa vacananti vuccati. Kathañca pana sakkaṭabhāsāyaṃ vuttehi visuṃbhūtassa atthassa vacananti puthuvacananti ce? Yasmā sakkaṭabhāsāyaṃ dve upādāya dvivacanaṃ vuttaṃ, na ticatupañcādike bahavo upādāya, bahavo pana upādāya bahuvacanaṃ vuttaṃ, na dve upādāya, ayaṃ sakkaṭabhāsāya viseso. Māgadhabhāsāyaṃ pana dviticatupañcādike bahavo upādāya puthuvacanaṃ vuttaṃ, tasmā sakkaṭabhāsāyaṃ vuttehi atthehi visuṃbhūtassa atthassa vacananti puthuvacananti vuccati. Ayaṃ māgadhabhāsāya viseso. Tasmātra puthubhūtassa, puthuno vā atthassa vacanaṃ ‘‘puthuvacana’’nti attho samadhigantabbo.

Idāni ‘‘puriso, purisā, purisa’’nti niruttipiṭakato uddharitanayaṃ nissāya pakatirūpabhūtassa bhūtasaddassa nāmikapadamālā vuccate –

Bhūto, bhūtā. Bhūtaṃ, bhūte. Bhūtena, bhūtehi, bhūtebhi. Bhūtassa, bhūtānaṃ. Bhūtā, bhūtasmā, bhūtamhā, bhūtehi, bhūtebhi. Bhūtassa, bhūtānaṃ. Bhūte, bhūtasmiṃ, bhūtamhi, bhūtesu. Bho bhūta, bhavanto bhūtā.

Atha vā ‘‘bho bhūtā’’iti bahuvacanaṃ viññeyyaṃ. Yathā panettha bhūtaiccetassa pakatirūpassa nāmikapadamālā purisanayena yojitā, evaṃ bhāvakādīnañca aññesañca taṃsadisānaṃ nāmikapadamālā purisanayena yojetabbā. Etthaññāni taṃsadisāni nāma ‘‘buddho’’tiādīnaṃ padānaṃ buddhaiccādīni pakatirūpāni.

Buddho dhammo saṅgho maggo,

Khandho kāyo kāmo kappo;

Māso pakkho yakkho bhakkho,

Nāgo megho bhogo yāgo.

Rāgo doso moho māno,

Makkho thambho kodho lobho;

Hāso vero dāho tejo,

Chando kāso sāso rogo.

Asso sasso isso sisso,

Sīho byaggho rukkho selo;

Indo sakko devo gāmo,

Cando sūro ogho dīpo.

Passo yañño cāgo vādo,

Hattho patto soso gedho;

Somo yodho gaccho accho,

Geho māḷo aṭṭo sālo.

Naro nago migo saso,

Suṇo bako ajo dijo;

Hayo gajo kharo saro,

Dumo talo paṭo dhajo.

Urago paṭago vihago bhujago,

Kharabho sarabho pasado gavajo;

Mahiso vasabho asuro garuḷo,

Taruṇo varuṇo baliso paligho.

Sālo dhavo ca khadiro,

Godhumo saṭṭhiko yavo;

Kaḷāyo ca kulattho ca,

Tilo muggo ca taṇḍulo.

Khattiyo brāhmaṇo vesso,

Suddo dhutto ca pukkuso;

Caṇḍālo patiko paṭṭho,

Manusso rathiko ratho.

Pabbajito gahaṭṭho ca,

Goṇo oṭṭho ca gadrabho;

Mātugāmo ca orodho,

Iccādīni vibhāvaye.

Kecettha vadeyyuṃ ‘‘nanu bho ‘orodhā ca kumārā cā’ti pāṭhassa dassanato orodhasaddo itthiliṅgo’’ti? Tanna, tattha hi ‘‘orodhā’’ti idaṃ okārantapulliṅgameva, nā’kārantitthiliṅgaṃ, tumhe pana ‘‘ākārantitthiliṅga’’nti maññamānā evaṃ vadatha, na panidaṃ ākārantitthiliṅgaṃ, atha kho ‘‘mātugāmā’’tipadaṃ viya bahuvacanavasena vuttamākārantapadanti. Nanu ca bho sammohavinodaniyādīsu orodhasaddassa itthiliṅgatā pākaṭā, kathanti ce? ‘‘Rukkhe adhivatthā devatā therassa kuddhā paṭhamameva manaṃ palobhetvā ‘ito te sattadivasamatthake upaṭṭhāko rājā marissatī’ti supine ārocesi. Thero taṃ kathaṃ sutvā rājorodhānaṃ ācikkhi. Tā ekappahāreneva mahāviravaṃ viraviṃsū’’ti. Ettha hi ‘‘rājorodhāna’’nti vatvā ‘‘tā’’ti vuttattāva orodhasaddassa itthiliṅgatā pākaṭāti? Tanna, atthassa duggahaṇato. Duggahito hi ettha tumhehi attho, ettha pana orodhasaddena itthipadatthassa kathanato itthipadatthaṃ sandhāya ‘‘tā’’ti vuttattā ‘‘tā itthiyo’’ti ayamevattho. Tumhe pana amātāpitarasaṃvaddhattā ācariyakule ca anivuṭṭhattā etaṃ sukhumatthamajānantā yaṃ vā taṃ vā mukhārūḷhaṃ vadatha.

Bhuñjanatthaṃ kathanatthaṃ, mukhaṃ hotīti no vade;

Yaṃ vā taṃ vā mukhārūḷhaṃ, vacanaṃ paṇḍito naroti.

Na mayaṃbho yaṃ vā taṃ vā mukhārūḷhaṃ vadāma, aṭṭhakathācariyānaññeva vacanaṃ gahetvā vadāma, aṭṭhakathāyeva amhākaṃ paṭisaraṇaṃ, na mayaṃ tumhākaṃ saddahāmāti. Amhākaṃ saddahatha vā mā vā, mā tumhe ‘‘aṭṭhakathācariyānaññeva vacanaṃ gahetvā vadāmā’’ti aṭṭhakathācariye abbhācikkhatha. Na hi aṭṭhakathācariyehi ‘‘orodhasaddo itthiliṅgo’’ti vuttaṭṭhānamatthi, tasmāpi aṭṭhakathācariye abbhācikkhatha, na yuttaṃ buddhādīnaṃ garūnamabbhācikkhanaṃ mahato anatthassa lābhāya saṃvattanato. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā ‘‘attanā duggahitena amhe ceva abbhācikkhati, bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavati, tato attānañca khaṇatī’’ti.

Evaṃ abbhācikkhanassa ayuttataṃ sāvajjatañca dassetvā punapi te idaṃ vattabbā – jātakaṭṭhakathāyampi tumhehi āhaṭaudāharaṇasadisaṃ udāharaṇamatthi, taṃ suṇātha. Kosiyajātakaṭṭhakathāyañhi ‘‘satthā jetavane viharanto ekaṃ sāvatthiyaṃ mātugāmaṃ ārabbha kathesi. Sā kirekassa saddhassa pasannassa upāsakabrāhmaṇassa brāhmaṇī dussīlā pāpadhammā’’ti pāṭho dissati. Ettha hi ‘‘mātugāmaṃ ārabbha kathesī’’ti vatvā ‘‘sā’’ti vuttattā tumhākaṃ matena mātugāmasaddo itthiliṅgoyeva siyā, na pulliṅgo, kimidaṃ aṭṭhakathāvacanampi na passatha, tadeva pana aṭṭhakathāvacanaṃ passatha, kiṃ sā eva aṭṭhakathā tumhākaṃ paṭisaraṇaṃ, na tadaññāti.

Yadi tāsaddaṃ apekkhitvā orodhasaddassa itthiliṅgattamicchatha, etthāpi sāsaddamapekkhitvā mātugāmasaddassa itthiliṅgattamicchathāti. Evaṃ vuttā te niruttarā appaṭibhānā maṅkubhūtā pattakkhandhā adhomukhā pajjhāyeyyuṃ. Etthāpi mātugāmasaddena itthipadatthassa kathanato itthipadatthaṃ sandhāya ‘‘sā’’ti vuttattā ‘‘sā itthī’’ti ayamevattho. Katthaci hi padhānavācakena pulliṅgena napuṃsakaliṅgena vā samānādhikaraṇassa guṇasaddassa abhidheyyaliṅgānuvattittāpulliṅgavasena vā napuṃsakaliṅgavasena vā niddisitabbattepi liṅgamanapekkhitvā itthipadatthamevāpekkhitvā itthiliṅganiddeso dissati. Taṃ yathā? ‘‘Idha visākhe mātugāmo susaṃvihitakammantā hoti saṅgahitaparijanā bhattumanāpaṃ carati, sambhataṃ anurakkhatī’’ti ca, ‘‘ko nu kho bhante hetu ko paccayo, yena midhekacco mātugāmo dubbaṇṇā ca hoti durūpā supāpikā dassanāya, daliddā ca hoti appassakā appabhogā appesakkhā ca. Idha mallike ekacco mātugāmo kodhanā hoti upāyāsabahulā, appampi vuttā samānā abhisajjati kuppati byāpajjati patitthiyati kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukarotī’’ti ca, ‘‘taṃ kho pana bhikkhave itthiratanaṃ rañño cakkavattissa pubbuṭṭhāyinī pacchānipātinī kiṃkārapaṭissāvinī’’ti ca ime payogā.

Katthaci pana padhānavācakena napuṃsakaliṅgena samānādhikaraṇassa guṇasaddassa abhidheyyaliṅgānuvattittā napuṃsakaliṅgavasena niddisitabbattepi liṅgamanapekkhitvā purisapadatthamevāpekkhitvā pulliṅganiddeso dissati. Taṃ yathā? ‘‘Pañca paccekabuddhasatāni imasmiṃ isigilismiṃ pabbate ciranivāsino ahesuṃ. Taṃ kho pana rañño cakkavattissa pariṇāyakaratanaṃ ñātānaṃ pavesetā aññātānaṃ nivāretā’’ti. Katthaci padhānavācakena liṅgattayena samānādhikaraṇassa guṇasaddassa abhidheyyaliṅgānurūpaṃ niddeso dissati. Taṃ yathā? Sā itthī ‘‘sīlavatī kalyāṇadhammā. Aṭṭhahi kho nakulamāte dhammehi samannāgato mātugāmo kāyassa bhedā parammaraṇā manāpakāyikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjati. Saddho purisapuggalo, saddhaṃ kulaṃ, cittaṃ dantaṃ sukhāvaha’’nti.

Seyyaiti saddo pana yebhuyyena okārantabhāve ṭhatvā liṅgattayānukūlo bhavati ekākāreneva tiṭṭhanato. Kathaṃ? Seyyo amitto matiyā upeto. Esāva pūjanā seyyo, ekāhaṃ jīvitaṃ seyyo.

‘‘Dhammena ca alābho yo,

Yo ca lābho adhammiko;

Alābho dhammiko seyyo,

Yañce lābho adhammiko.

Yaso ca appabuddhīnaṃ, viññūnaṃ ayaso ca yo;

Ayasova seyyo viññūnaṃ, na yaso appabuddhinaṃ.

Dummedhehi pasaṃsā ca, viññūhi garahā ca yā;

Garahāva seyyo viññūhi, yañce bālappasaṃsanā.

Sukhañca kāmamayikaṃ, dukkhañca pavivekikaṃ;

Pavivekaṃ dukkhaṃ seyyo, yañce kāmamayaṃ sukhaṃ.

Jīvitañca adhammena, dhammena maraṇañca yaṃ;

Maraṇaṃ dhammikaṃ seyyo, yañce jīve adhammika’’nti.

Evamayaṃ seyya iti saddo okārantabhāve ṭhatvā liṅgattayānukūlo bhavati. Katthaci pana ākārantabhāve ṭhatvā itthiliṅgānukūlo dissati ‘‘itthīpi hi ekacciyā, seyyā posa janādhipā’’ti. Niggahītanto pana hutvā napuṃsakaliṅgānukūlo apasiddho. Evaṃpakāre payoge kiṃ tumhe na passathāti. Evaṃ vuttā ca te niruttarāva bhavissanti.

Sacepi te ettha evaṃ vadeyyuṃ ‘‘tattha tattha suttappadese aṭṭhakathādīsu ca ‘mātugāmo’ti vā ‘mātugāmenā’ti vā okārantapulliṅgabhāvena mātugāmasaddassa dassanato pulliṅgabhūtaṃ mātugāmasaddaṃ anapekkhitvā itthipadatthameva apekkhitvā ‘‘sā itthī’’ti itthīsaddena sāsaddassa sambandhaggahaṇaṃ mayaṃ sampaṭicchāma, ‘orodho’ti vā ‘orodhenā’ti vā okārantapulliṅgabhāvena ṭhitassa orodhasaddassa adassanato pana tumhehi vuttaṃ purimatthaṃ na sampaṭicchāmā’’ti. Tadā tesaṃ imāni vinayapāḷiyaṃ āgatapadāni dassetabbāni ‘‘tena kho pana samayena rājā udeno uyyāne paricāresi saddhiṃ orodhena, atha kho rañño udenassa orodho rājānaṃ udenaṃ etadavocā’’ti. Evaṃ imāni suttapadāni dassetvā suttanipātaṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘rāmo nāma rājā kuṭṭharogī orodhehi ca nāṭakehi ca jigucchamāno’’ti vacanañca dassetvā ‘‘gacchatha tumhe garukulamupagantvā bhagavato saddhammassa ciraṭṭhitatthaṃ sādhukaṃ padabyañjanāni uggaṇhathā’’ti uyyojetabbā.

Idāni mātugāmasaddādīsu kiñci vinicchayaṃ vadāma – mātugāmasaddo ca orodhasaddo ca dārasaddo cāti ime itthipadatthavācakāpi samānā ekantena pulliṅgā bhavanti. Tesu dārasaddassa ekasmiṃ atthe vattamānassāpi bahuvacanakattameva saddasatthavidū icchanti, na ekavacanakattaṃ. Mayaṃ pana dārasaddassa ekasmiṃ atthe ekavacanakattaṃ, yebhuyyena pana bahuvacanakattaṃ anujānāma, bavhatthe vattabbameva natthi. Pāḷiyañhi dārasaddo yebhuyyena bahuvacanako bhavati, ekavacanako appo. Tatrime payogā –

‘‘Dāsā ca dāsyo anujīvino ca,

Puttā ca dārā ca mayañca sabbe;

Dhammañcarāmapparalokahetu,

Tasmā hi amhaṃ daharā na miyyare’’ti ca,

‘‘Yo ñātīnaṃ sakhīnaṃ vā, dāresu paṭidissati;

Sahasā sampiyāyena, taṃ jaññāvasalo itī’’ti ca,

‘‘Sehi dārehi’santuṭṭho, vesiyāsu padissati;

Dissati paradāresu, taṃ parābhavato mukha’’nti ca,

‘‘Puttesu dāresu ca yā apekkhā’’ti ca byāse, samāse pana ‘‘puttadārā disā pacchā, puttadārehi mattano’’ti ca evamādayo bahuvacanappayogā bahavo bhavanti.

Ekavacanappayogā pana appā. Seyyathidaṃ? ‘‘Garūnaṃ dāre, dhammaṃ care yopi samuñjakaṃ care, dārañca posaṃ dadamappakasmi’’nti ca,

‘‘Ye gahaṭṭhā puññakarā, sīlavanto upāsakā;

Dhammena dāraṃ posenti, te namassāmi mātalī’’ti ca,

‘‘Paradāraṃ na gaccheyyaṃ, sadārapasuto siya’’nti ca,

‘‘Yo icche puriso hotuṃ, jātiṃ jātiṃ punappunaṃ;

Paradāraṃ vivajjeyya, dhotapādova kaddama’’nti ca

Evamādayo ekavacanappayogā appā.

Samāhāralakkhaṇavasena panesa dārasaddo napuṃsakaliṅgekavacanopi katthaci bhavati. ‘‘Ādāya puttadāraṃ. Puttadārassa saṅgaho’’iti evaṃ idha vuttappakārena liṅgañca atthañca sallakkhetvā ‘‘puriso purisā’’ti pavattaṃ purisasaddanayaṃ nissāya sabbesaṃ ‘‘bhūto bhāvako bhavo’’tiādīnaṃ bhūdhātumayānaṃ aññesañcokārantapadānaṃ nāmikapadamālāsu saddhāsampannehi kulaputtehi saddhammaṭṭhitiyā kosallamuppādetabbaṃ.

Kiṃ pana sabbāni okārantapadāni purisanaye sabbappakārena ekasadisāneva hutvā paviṭṭhānīti? Na paviṭṭhāni. Kānici hi okārantapadāni purisanaye sabbathā paviṭṭhāni ca honti, ekadesena paviṭṭhāni ca, kānici okārantapadāni purisanaye ekadesena paviṭṭhāni ca honti, ekadesena na paviṭṭhāni ca, kānici okārantapadāni purisanaye sabbathā appaviṭṭhāneva. Tatra katamāni kānici okārantapadāni purisanaye sabbathā paviṭṭhāni ca honti, ekadesena paviṭṭhāni ca? ‘‘Saro vayo ceto’’tiādīni. Saroiti hi ayaṃsaddo ususaddasaravanaakārādisaravācako ce, purisanaye sabbathā paviṭṭho. Rahadavācako ce, manogaṇapakkhikattā purisanaye ekadesena paviṭṭho. Vayoiti saddo parihānivācako ce, purisanaye sabbathā paviṭṭho. Āyukoṭṭhāsavācako ce, manogaṇapakkhikattā purisanaye ekadesena paviṭṭho. Ceto iti saddo yadi paṇṇattivācako, purisanaye sabbathā paviṭṭho. Yadi pana cittavācako, manogaṇapakkhikattā purisanaye ekadesena paviṭṭho. Manogaṇo ca nāma –

Mano vaco vayo tejo,

Tapo ceto tamo yaso;

Ayo payo siro chando,

Saro uro raho aho –

Ime soḷasa.

Idāni yathāvuttassa pākaṭīkaraṇatthaṃ manasaddādīnaṃ nāmikapadamālaṃ kathayāma –

Mano, manā. Manaṃ, mano, mane. Manasā, manena, manehi, manebhi. Manaso, manassa, manānaṃ. Manā, manasmā, manamhā, manehi, manebhi. Manaso, manassa, manānaṃ. Manasi, mane, manasmiṃ, manamhi, manesu. Bho mana, bhavanto manā.

Atha vā ‘‘bho manā’’iti bahuvacanampi ñeyyaṃ. Evaṃ vaco, vacā. Vacaṃ, vaco, vace. Vacasātiādinā nāmikapadamālā yojetabbā. Ahasaddassa pana bhummekavacanaṭṭhāne ahasi, ahe, ahasmiṃ, ahamhi, ahu, ahanīti yojetabbā.

Idāni rūpantaravisesadassanatthaṃ napuṃsakaliṅgassa manasaddassapi nāmikapadamālaṃ vadāma, aṭṭhāne ayaṃ kathitāti na codetabbaṃ.

Manaṃ, manāni, manā. Manaṃ, manāni, mane. Manena, manehi, manebhi. Manassa, manaso, manānaṃ. Manā, manasmā, manamhā, manehi, manebhi. Manassa, manaso, manānaṃ. Mane, manasmiṃ, manamhi, manesu. Bho mana, bhavanto manā. Atha vā ‘‘bho manāni, bho manā’’evampi bahuvacanaṃ veditabbaṃ. Evamuttaratrāpi nayo.

Ettha ca pulliṅgassa manasaddassa paccattakaraṇasampadānasāmibhummavacanāni mano manasā manaso manasīti rūpāni ṭhapetvā yāni sesāni, napuṃsakaliṅgassa ca manasaddassa paccattavacanāni ‘‘manaṃ manānī’’ti rūpāni ca, aṭṭhamyopayogavacanānaṃ ‘‘manaṃ manānī’’ti rūpadvayañca ṭhapetvā yāni sesāni, tāni sabbāni kamato samasamāni.

Keci okāranto manoiti saddo napuṃsakaliṅgoti vadanti, te vattabbā – yadi so napuṃsakaliṅgo siyā, tassadisehi vaco vayotiādisaddehipi napuṃsakaliṅgeheva bhavitabbaṃ, na ‘‘te napuṃsakaliṅgā’’ti garū vadanti, ‘‘pulliṅgā’’icceva vadanti. Yasmā ca pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘kāyo anicco; mano anicco’’ti ca ‘‘kāyo dukkho, mano dukkho’’ti ca ‘‘nicco vā anicco vāti anicco bhante’’ti ca evamādayo pulliṅgappayogā bahavo diṭṭhā. Tena ñāyati manosaddo ekantena pulliṅgoti. Yadi pana napuṃsakaliṅgosiyā, ‘‘anicco dukkho’’ti evamādīni taṃsamānādhikaraṇāni anekapadasatānipi napuṃsakaliṅgāneva siyuṃ. Na hi tāni napuṃsakaliṅgāni, atha kho abhidheyyaliṅgānuvattakāni vāccaliṅgāni. Evaṃ manosaddassa pulliṅgatā paccetabbāti, sace manosaddo napuṃsakaliṅgo na hoti, kathaṃ ‘‘manānī’’ti napuṃsakarūpaṃ dissatīti? Saccaṃ ‘‘manānī’’ti napuṃsakaliṅgameva, tathāpi manogaṇe pamukhabhāvena gahitassokārantassa manasaddassa rūpaṃ na hoti. Atha kiñcarahīti ce? Cittasaddena samānaliṅgassa samānasutittepi manogaṇe apariyāpannassa niggahītantasseva manasaddassa rūpaṃ. Manasaddo hi punnapuṃsakavasena dvidhā bhijjati ‘‘mano manaṃ’’iti yathā ‘‘ajjavoajjava’’nti. ‘‘Mano ce nappadussati. Santaṃ tassa manaṃ hotī’’ti hi pāḷi. Yadi ca so manosaddo napuṃsakaliṅgo na hoti.

‘‘Garu cetiyapabbatavattaniyā,

Pamadā pamadā pamadā vimadaṃ;

Samaṇaṃ sunisamma akā hasitaṃ,

Patitaṃ asubhesu munissa mano’’ti

Ettha manosaddena samānādhikaraṇo ‘‘patita’’nti saddo napuṃsakaliṅgabhāvena kasmā sannihito. Yasmā ca samānādhikaraṇapadaṃ napuṃsakaliṅgabhāvena sannihitaṃ, tasmā saddantarasannidhānavasena manosaddo napuṃsakaliṅgoti ñāyatīti? Tanna, samānādhikaraṇapadassa sabbattha liṅgavisesājotanato. Yadi hi samānādhikaraṇapadaṃ sabbattha liṅgavisesaṃ joteyya, ‘‘cattāro indriyānī’’ti etthāpi ‘‘cattāro’’ti padaṃ indriyasaddassa pulliṅgattaṃ kareyya, na ca kātuṃ sakkoti. Indriyasaddo hi ekantena napuṃsakaliṅgo. Yadi tumhe ‘‘patita’’nti samānādhikaraṇapadaṃ nissāya manosaddassa napuṃsakaliṅgattamicchatha, ‘‘cattāro indriyānī’’ti etthapi ‘‘cattāro’’ti samānādhikaraṇapadaṃ nissāya indriyasaddassa pulliṅgattaṃ icchathāti. Na mayaṃ bho indriyasaddassa pulliṅgattaṃ icchāma, atha kho napuṃsakaliṅgattaṃyeva icchāma, ‘‘cattāro’’ti padaṃ liṅgavipallāsavasena ṭhitattā ‘‘cattārī’’ti gaṇhāma, tasmā ‘‘cattāri indriyānī’’ti atthaṃ dhāremāti. Yadi evaṃ ‘‘patitaṃ asubhesu munissa mano’’ti etthāpi ‘‘patita’’nti padaṃ liṅgavipallāsavasena ṭhitanti mantvā ‘‘patito’’ti atthaṃ dhārethāti. Na dhārema ettha liṅgavipallāsassa anicchitabbato. Yadi hi manosaddo pulliṅgo siyā, taṃsamānādhikaraṇapadaṃ ‘‘patito’’ti vattabbaṃ siyā. Kimācariyo evaṃ vattuṃ na jāni, jānamāno eva so ‘‘patito’’ti nāvoca, ‘‘patita’’nti panāvoca, tena ñāyati ‘‘manosaddo napuṃsakaliṅgo’’ti. Mā tumhe evaṃ vadetha, samānādhikaraṇapadaṃ nāma katthaci padhānaliṅgamanuvattati, katthaci nānuvattati, tasmā na taṃ liṅgavisesajotane ekantato pamāṇaṃ. ‘‘Mātugāmo, orodho, āvuso visākha, ehi visākhe, cittāni aṭṭhīnī’’ti evamādirūpavisesoyeva pamāṇaṃ. Yadi samānādhikaraṇapadeyeva liṅgaviseso adhigantabbo siyā, ‘‘cattāro ca mahābhūtā’’tiādīsu liṅgavavatthānaṃ na siyā. Yasmā evamādīsupi ṭhānesu liṅgavavatthānaṃ hotiyeva. Kathaṃ? ‘‘Cattāro’’ti pulliṅgaṃ ‘‘mahābhūtā’’ti napuṃsakanti, tasmā ‘‘patitaṃ asubhesu munissa mano’’ti etthāpi ‘‘patita’’nti napuṃsakaliṅgaṃ ‘‘mano’’ti pulliṅganti vavatthānaṃ bhavatīti. Idaṃ sutvā te tuṇhī bhavissanti. Tato tesaṃ tuṇhībhūtānaṃ idaṃ vattabbaṃ – yasmā manogaṇe pavattānaṃ padānaṃ samānādhikaraṇapadāni katthaci napuṃsakavasena yojetabbāni, tasmā manogaṇe pamukhassa manosaddassapi samānādhikaraṇapadāni katthaci napuṃsakavasena yojitāni. Tathā hi pubbācariyā ‘‘saddhammatejavihataṃ vilayaṃ khaṇena, veneyyasattahadayesu tamo’payāti. Dukkhaṃ vaco etasminti dubbaco. Avanataṃ siro yassa soyaṃ avaṃsiro, appakaṃ rāgādi rajo yesaṃ paññāmaye akkhimhi te apparajakkhā’’tiādinā saddaracanaṃ kubbiṃsu, na pana tehi vaco siro rajosaddādīnaṃ napuṃsakaliṅgattaṃ vibhāvetuṃ īdisī saddaracanā katā, atha kho siromanosaddānaṃ manogaṇe pavattānaṃ pulliṅgasaddānaṃ katthacipi īdisānipi liṅgavipallāsavasena ṭhitāni samānādhikaraṇapadāni hontīti paresaṃ jānāpanādhippāyavatiyā anukampāya viracitā. Etthāpi tumhākaṃ matena manosaddassa napuṃsakaliṅgatte sati vaco siro iccādayopi napuṃsakaliṅgattamāpajjanti napuṃsakaliṅgavasena samānādhikaraṇapadānaṃ niddiṭṭhattā. Kiṃ panetesampi napuṃsakaliṅgattaṃ icchathāti. Addhā te idampi sutvā nibbeṭhetumasakkontā tuṇhī bhavissanti. Kiñcāpi te aññaṃ gahetabbakāraṇaṃ apassantā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ ‘‘yadi bho mano saddo napuṃsakaliṅgona hoti, kasmā veyyākaraṇā ‘manosaddo napuṃsakaliṅgo’ti vadantī’’ti? Te vattabbā – yadi tumhe veyyākaraṇamataṃ gahetvā manosaddassa napuṃsakaliṅgattaṃ rocetha, nanu bhagavāyeva loke asadiso mahāveyyākaraṇo mahāpuriso visārado parappavādamaddano. Bhagavantañhi padakā veyyākaraṇā ambaṭṭhamāṇavapokkharasātisoṇadaṇḍādayo ca brāhmaṇā saccakanigaṇṭhādayo ca paribbājakā vādena na sampāpuṇiṃsu, aññadatthu bhagavāyeva mattavāraṇagaṇamajjhe kesarasīho viya asambhīto nesaṃ nesaṃ vādaṃ maddesi, mahante ca ne atthe patiṭṭhāpesi, evaṃvidhena bhagavatā vohārakusalena yasmā ‘‘kāyo anicco’’ti ca ‘‘kāyo dukkho, mano anicco, mano dukkho’’ti ca evamādinā vuttā manosaddassa pulliṅgabhāvasūcanikā bahū pāḷiyo dissanti, tasmā manosaddo pulliṅgoyevāti sārato paccetabboti. Evaṃ vuttā te niruttarā appaṭibhānā maṅkubhūtā pattakkhandhā adhomukhā pajjhāyissanti.

Idāni sarasaddādīnaṃ nāmikapadamālā visesato vuccate –

Saro, sarā. Saraṃ, sare. Sarena, sarehi, sarebhi. Sarassa, sarānaṃ. Sarā, sarasmā, saramhā, sarehi, sarebhi. Sarassa, sarānaṃ. Sare, sarasmiṃ, saramhi, saresu. Bho sara, bhavanto sarā.

Ayaṃ purisanaye sabbathā paviṭṭhassa ususaddasaravanaakārādisaravācakassa sarasaddassa nāmikapadamālā.

Ayaṃ pana purisanaye ekadesena paviṭṭhassa manogaṇapakkhikassa rahadavācakassa sarasaddassa nāmikapadamālā –

Saro, sarā. Saraṃ, saro, sare. Sarasā, sarena, sarehi, sarebhi. Saraso, sarassa, sarānaṃ. Sarā, sarasmā, saramhā, sarehi, sarebhi. Saraso, sarassa, sarānaṃ. Sarasi, sare, sarasmiṃ, saramhi, saresu. Bho sara, bhavanto sarā, bho sarā iti vā.

Vayo, vayā. Vayaṃ, vaye. Vayena, vayehi, vayebhīti purisanayena ñe yyo. Ayaṃ purisanaye sabbathā paviṭṭhassa parihānivācakassa vayasaddassa nāmikapadamālā.

Ayaṃ pana purisanaye ekadesena paviṭṭhassa manogaṇapakkhikassa āyukoṭṭhāsavācakassa vayasaddassa nāmikapadamālā – vayo, vayā. Vayaṃ, vayo, vaye. Vayasā, vayena, vayehi, vayebhīti mananayena ñeyyo. Tassa ceto paṭissosi, araññe luddagocaro. Cetā haniṃsu vedabbaṃ.

Ceto, cetā. Cetaṃ, cete. Cetena, cetehi, cetebhīti purisanayena ñeyyo. Ayaṃ purisanaye sabbathā paviṭṭhassa paṇṇattivācakassa cetasaddassa nāmikapadamālā.

Ayaṃ pana purisanaye ekadesena paviṭṭhassa cittavācakassa cetasaddassa nāmikapadamālā – ceto, cetā. Cetaṃ, ceto, cete. Cetasā, cetena, cetehi, cetebhīti mananayena ñeyyo. Yaso kulaputto, yasaṃ kulaputtaṃ, yasena kulaputtenāti ekavacanavasena purisanayena yojetabbā, ekavacanaputhuvacanavasena vā. Evaṃ kānici okārantapadāni purisanaye sabbathā paviṭṭhāni ca honti, ekadesena paviṭṭhāni cāti iminā nayena sabbapadāni paññācakkhunā upaparikkhitvā viseso veditabbo. Avisesaññuno hi evamādivibhāgaṃ ajānantā yaṃ vā taṃ vā byañjanaṃ ropentā yathādhippetaṃ atthaṃ virādhenti, tasmā yo ettha amhehi pakāsito vibhāgo, so saddhāsampannehi kulaputtehi sakkaccamuggahetabbo. Katamāni kānici okārantapadāni purisanaye ekadesena paviṭṭhāni ca ekadesena na paviṭṭhāni ca? Mano vaco tejosaddādayo ceva ayyasaddo ca, tatra manasaddādīnaṃ nāmikapadamālā heṭṭhā vibhāvitā.

Ayyasaddassa pana nāmikapadamālāyaṃ ‘‘ayyo, ayyā. Ayyaṃ, ayye’’ti purisanayena vatvā ālapanaṭṭhāne ‘‘bho ayya, bho ayyo’’ti dve ekavacanāni, ‘‘bhavanto ayyā, bhavanto ayyo’’ti dve bahuvacanāni ca vattabbāni. Ettha ayyo iti saddo paccattavacanabhāve ekavacanaṃ, ālapanavacanabhāve ekavacanañceva bahuvacanañca. Tatrime payogā ‘‘ayyo kira sāgato ambatitthikena nāgena saṅgāmesi, pivatu bhante ayyo sāgato kāpotikaṃ pasanna’’nti evamādīni ayyosaddassa paccattekavacanappayogāni, ‘‘atha kho sā itthī taṃ purisaṃ etadavoca ‘nāyyo so bhikkhu maṃ nippāṭesi, apica ahameva tena bhikkhunā gacchāmi, akārako so bhikkhu, gaccha khamāpehī’ti’’ evamādīni ayyosaddassa ālapanekavacanappayogāni, ‘‘etha’yyo rājavasatiṃ, nisīditvā suṇātha me. Etha mayaṃ ayyo samaṇesu sakyaputtiyesu pabbajissāmā’’ti evamādīni ayyosaddassa ālapanabahuvacanappayogāni. Bhavati catra –

Ayyo iti ayaṃ saddo, paccattekavaco bhave;

Ālapane bahuvaco, bhave ekavacopi ca –

Evaṃ kānici okārantapadāni purisanaye ekadesena paviṭṭhāni ca honti ekadesena na paviṭṭhāni ca.

Katamāni kānici okārantapadāni purisanaye sabbathā appaviṭṭhāni? Gosaddoyeva. Gosaddassa hi ayaṃ nāmikapadamālā –

Go, gāvo, gavo. Gāvuṃ, gāvaṃ, gavaṃ, gāvo, gavo. Gāvena, gavena, gohi, gobhi. Gāvassa, gavassa, gavaṃ, gunnaṃ, gonaṃ. Gāvā, gāvasmā, gāvamhā, gavā, gavasmā, gavamhā, gohi, gobhi. Gāvassa, gavassa, gavaṃ, gunnaṃ, gonaṃ. Gāve, gāvasmiṃ, gāvamhi, gave, gavasmiṃ, gavamhi, gāvesu, gavesu, gosu. Bho go, bhavanto gāvo, gavo. Ayaṃ purisanaye sabbathā appaviṭṭhassa gosaddassa nāmikapadamālā.