3. Kārakakaṇḍa

Atha vibhattīnamatthabhedā vuccante.

Tattha ekampi atthaṃ kammādivasena, ekattādivasena ca vibhajantīti vibhattiyo, syādayo. Tā pana paṭhamādibhedena sattavidhā.

Tattha kasmiṃ atthe paṭhamā?

283. Liṅgatthe paṭhamā.

Liṅgatthābhidhānamatte paṭhamāvibhatti hoti.

Liṅgassa attho liṅgattho. Ettha ca līnaṃ aṅganti liṅgaṃ, apākaṭo avayavo, purisotiādīnañhi pakatippaccayādivibhāgakappanāya nipphāditānaṃ saddappatirūpakānaṃ nāmikapadānaṃ paṭhamaṃ ṭhapetabbaṃ pakatirūpaṃ apākaṭattā, avayavattā ca liṅganti vuccati. Atha vā visadāvisadobhayarahitākāravohārasaṅkhātena tividhaliṅgena sahitatthassa, tabbinimuttassupasaggādīnamatthassa ca līnassa gamanato, liṅganato vā liṅganti anvatthanāmavasena vā ‘‘dhātuppaccayavibhattivajjitamatthavaṃ liṅga’’nti vacanato parasamaññāvasena vā liṅganti idha pāṭipadikāparanāmadheyyaṃ syādivibhatyantapadapakatirūpameva vuccatīti daṭṭhabbaṃ.

Liṅgassattho nāma pabandhavisesākārena pavattamāne rūpādayo upādāya paññāpīyamāno tadaññānaññabhāvena anibbacanīyo samūhasantānādibhedo upādāpaññattisaṅkhāto ghaṭapaṭādivohārattho ca pathavīdhātuphassādīnaṃ sabhāvadhammānaṃ kāladesādibhedabhinnānaṃ vijātiyavinivatto sajātiyasādhāraṇo yathāsaṅketamāropasiddho tajjāpaññattisaṅkhāto kakkhaḷattaphusanādisāmaññākāro ca.

So pana kammādisaṃsaṭṭho, suddho cāti duvidho. Tattha kammādīsu dutiyādīnaṃ vidhīyamānattā kammādisaṃsaggarahito liṅgasaṅkhyāparimāṇayutto, tabbinimuttupasaggādipadatthabhūto ca suddho saddattho idha liṅgattho nāma.

Yo pana ākhyātakitakataddhitasamāsehi vutto kammādisaṃsaṭṭho attho, sopi dutiyādīnaṃ puna attanā vattabbassa atthavisesassābhāvena avisayattā, liṅgatthamattassa sambhavato ca paṭhamāyeva visayo.

Hoti cettha –

Paṭhamāvupasaggatthe, kesañcatthe nipātasaddānaṃ;

Liṅgādike ca suddhe-bhihite kammādiatthepi.

Saliṅge tāva – eso puriso, ete purisā, esā kaññā, etā kaññāyo, etaṃ cittaṃ, etāni cittāni.

Sasaṅkhye – eko dve.

Saparimāṇe – doṇo khārī āḷhakaṃ.

Liṅgādivinimutte sattāmatte – ca vā ha ahaṃ atthi sakkālabbhā iccādi.

‘‘Liṅgatthe paṭhamā’’ti adhikicca ‘‘ālapane cā’’ti ālapanatthe ca paṭhamā, abhimukhaṃ katvā lapanaṃ ālapanaṃ, āmantanaṃ avhānanti attho.

Ettha ca āmantanaṃ nāma pageva laddhasarūpassa saddena abhimukhīkaraṇaṃ, katābhimukho pana ‘‘gacchā’’tiādinā nayena kriyāya yojīyati, tasmā āmantanasamaye kriyāyogābhāvato idaṃ kārakavohāraṃ na labhati.

Vuttañca

‘‘Saddenābhimukhīkāro, vijjamānassa vatthuno;

Āmantanaṃ vidhātabbe, natthi ‘rājā bhave’tida’’nti.

Bho purisa ehi, bho purisā vā, bhavanto purisā etha.

Kasmiṃ atthe dutiyā?

284. Kammatthe dutiyā.

Kammatthe liṅgamhā dutiyāvibhatti hoti.

Anabhihite evāyaṃ, ‘‘kammani dutiyāyaṃ tto’’ti vacanañcettha ñāpakaṃ.

Kiṃ kammaṃ?

‘‘Yena vā kayirate taṃ karaṇa’’nti ito ‘‘vā’’ti vattate.

285. Yaṃ karoti taṃ kammaṃ.

Yaṃ vā karoti, yaṃ vā vikaroti, yaṃ vā pāpuṇāti, taṃ kārakaṃ kammasaññaṃ hoti.

Idha liṅgakālavacanamatantaṃ. Karīyatīti kammaṃ. Tattha kārakaṃ, sādhakaṃ kriyānipphattiyā kāraṇamuccate, taṃ pana kārakaṃ chabbidhaṃ kammaṃ kattā karaṇaṃ sampadānamapādānamokāso cāti. Tattha sabhāvato, parikappato vā kammādimhi satiyeva kriyābhāvato kammādīnaṃ channampi kārakavohāro siddhova hoti.

Taṃ pana kammaṃ tividhaṃ nibbattanīyaṃ vikaraṇīyaṃ pāpaṇīyañcāti. Yathā – mātā puttaṃ vijāyati, āhāro sukhaṃ janayati. Ghaṭaṃ karoti devadatto, kaṭṭhamaṅgāraṃ karoti, suvaṇṇaṃ keyūraṃ, kaṭakaṃ vā karoti, vīhayo lunāti. Devadatto nivesanaṃ pavisati, ādiccaṃ passati, dhammaṃ suṇāti, paṇḍite payirupāsati.

Vuttañca

‘‘Nibbattivikatippatti-bhedena tividhaṃ mataṃ;

Kattu kriyābhigammaṃ taṃ, sukhaṅgāraṃ nivesana’’nti.

Ettha ca icchitānicchitakathitākathitādibhedamanapekkhitvā sabbasaṅgāhakavasena ‘‘yaṃ karoti taṃ kamma’’nti vuttattā, atthantaravikappanavādhikārato ca sabbattha imināva kammasaññā hoti.

Tattha anicchitakammaṃ yathā – kaṇṭakaṃ maddati, visaṃ gilati, gāmaṃ gacchanto rukkhamūlaṃ upagacchati.

Akathitakammaṃ yathā – yaññadattaṃ kambalaṃ yācate brāhmaṇo. Ettha hi ‘‘kambala’’miti kathitakammaṃ dvikammikāya yācanakriyāya pattumicchitatarattā. ‘‘Yaññadatta’’miti appadhānattā akathitakammaṃ. Tathā samiddhaṃ dhanaṃ bhikkhate, ajaṃ gāmaṃ nayati, parābhavantaṃ purisaṃ, mayaṃ pucchāma gotamaṃ, bhagavā bhikkhū etadavoca iccādi.

Abhihitakamme pana na hoti, yathā – kaṭo karīyate devadattena, sugatena desito dhammo, yaññadatto kambalaṃ yācīyate brāhmaṇena iccādi.

‘‘Dutiyā’’ti adhikāro.

286. Gati buddhi bhuja paṭha hara kara sayādīnaṃ kārite vā.

Gamu sappa gatimhi, budha bodhane, budha avagamane vā, bhuja pālanabyavaharaṇesu, paṭha byattiyaṃ vācāyaṃ, hara haraṇe, kara karaṇe, si saye iccevamādīnaṃ dhātūnaṃ payoge kārite sati payojjakakattubhūte kammani liṅgamhā dutiyāvibhatti hoti vā. Niccasampatte vikappatthoyaṃ, tena tassa pakkhe tatiyā hoti.

Yo koci puriso gāmaṃ gacchati, tamañño payojayati. Puriso purisaṃ gāmaṃ gamayati, purisena vā gāmaṃ gamayati. Evaṃ sissaṃ dhammaṃ bodheti ācariyo, mātā puttaṃ bhojanaṃ bhojayati, sissaṃ dhammaṃ pāṭheti ācariyo, puriso purisaṃ bhāraṃ hāreti, tathā puriso purisaṃ kammaṃ kārayati, purisena vā kammaṃ kārāpayati, puriso purisaṃ sayāpayati. Evaṃ sabbattha kārite kattukammani dutiyā.

Kāriteti kiṃ? Puriso gāmaṃ gacchati.

Abhihite na bhavati, purisena puriso gāmaṃ gamīyate, sisso dhammaṃ bodhīyate iccādi.

287. Kāladdhānamaccantasaṃyoge.

Accantaṃ nirantaraṃ saṃyogoaccantasaṃyogo. Kāladdhānaṃ dabbaguṇakriyāhi accantasaṃyoge tehi kāladdhānavācīhi liṅgehi dutiyāvibhatti hoti.

Kāle tāva – sattāhaṃ gavapānaṃ, māsaṃ maṃsodanaṃ, saradaṃ ramaṇīyā nadī, sabbakālaṃ ramaṇīyaṃ nandanaṃ, māsaṃ sajjhāyati, tayo māse abhidhammaṃ desesi.

Addhāne – yojanaṃ vanarāji, yojanaṃ dīgho pabbato, kosaṃ sajjhāyati.

Accantasaṃyogeti kiṃ? Māse māse bhuñjati, yojane yojane vihāraṃ patiṭṭhāpesi.

288. Kammappavacanīyayutte.

Kammappavacanīyehi nipātopasaggehi yutte yoge sati liṅgamhā dutiyāvibhatti hoti.

Kammaṃ pavacanīyaṃ yesaṃ te kammappavacanīyā, parasamaññāvasena vā anvādayo kammappavacanīyā.

Tattha anusaddassa lakkhaṇe, sahatthe, hīne ca kammappavacanīyasaññā vuttā. Yathā – pabbajitamanu pabbajiṃsu, nadimanvavasitā bārāṇasī, nadiyā saha avabaddhāti attho, anu sāriputtaṃ paññavā.

Lakkhaṇādīsu ‘‘lakkhaṇi’tthambhūtakkhānabhāga vicchāsu pati pari anavo’’ti pati pari anūnaṃ kammappavacanīyasaññā vuttā.

Lakkhaṇe sūriyuggamanaṃ pati dibbā bhakkhā pātubhaveyyuṃ, rukkhaṃ pati vijjotate cando, rukkhaṃ pari, rukkhaṃ anu.

Itthambhūtakkhāne sādhu devadatto mātaraṃ pati, mātaraṃ pari, mātaraṃ anu.

Bhāge yadettha maṃ pati siyā, maṃ pari, maṃ anu, taṃ dīyatu.

Vicchāyoge atthamatthaṃ pati saddo nivisati, rukkhaṃ rukkhaṃ pati vijjotate cando, rukkhaṃ rukkhaṃ pari, rukkhaṃ rukkhaṃ anu.

‘‘Abhirabhāge’’ti abhissa bhāgavajjitesu lakkhaṇādīsu kammappavacanīyasaññā vuttā. Taṃ kho pana bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato, sādhu devadatto mātaraṃ abhi.

Nipāte dhi brāhmaṇassa hantāra miccevamādi.

289. Kvaci dutiyā chaṭṭhīnamatthe.

Chaṭṭhīnaṃ atthe kvaci dutiyāvibhatti hoti. Antarāabhito parito pati paṭibhātiyoge ayaṃ. Antarā ca rājagahaṃ antarā ca nāḷandaṃ addhānamaggappaṭipanno, rājagahassa ca nāḷandāya ca majjheti attho. Abhito gāmaṃ vasati, parito gāmaṃ vasati, nadiṃ nerañjaraṃ pati, nerañjarāya nadiyā samīpeti attho. Paṭibhantu taṃ cunda bojjhaṅgā, upamā maṃ paṭibhāti, upamā mayhaṃ upaṭṭhahatīti attho.

‘‘Kvaci dutiyā, atthe’’ti ca vattate.

290. Tatiyāsattamīnañca.

Tatiyāsattamīnamatthe ca kvaci liṅgamhā dutiyāvibhatti hoti.

Tatiyatthe sace maṃ nālapissati, tvañca maṃ nābhibhāsasi, vinā saddhammaṃ kuto sukhaṃ, upāyamantarena na atthasiddhi.

Sattamiyatthe – kāle, upānvajjhāvasassa payoge, adhisiṭṭhāvasānaṃ payoge, tappānacāre ca dutiyā.

Kāle tāva – pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā, ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā. Imaṃ rattiṃ cattāro mahārājāno.

Upādipubbassa vasadhātussa payoge – gāmaṃ upavasati, gāmaṃ anuvasati, vihāraṃ adhivasati, gāmaṃ āvasati, agāraṃ ajjhāvasati. Tathā pathaviṃ adhisessati, gāmaṃ adhitiṭṭhati, gāmaṃ ajjhāvasati.

Tappānacāresu – nadiṃ pivati, gāmaṃ carati iccādi.

Kasmiṃ atthe tatiyā?

291. Karaṇe tatiyā.

Karaṇakārake tatiyāvibhatti hoti.

Kiṃ karaṇaṃ?

292. Yena vā kayirate taṃ karaṇaṃ.

Yena vā kattā upakaraṇabhūtena vatthunā kriyaṃ abyavadhānena karoti, yena vā vikaroti, yena vā pāpuṇāti, taṃ kārakaṃ karaṇasaññaṃ hoti.

Karīyate anenāti karaṇaṃ, ettha ca satipi sabbakārakānaṃ kriyāsādhakatte ‘‘yena vā kayirate’’ti visesetvā vacanaṃ kattūpakaraṇabhūtesu kārakesu sādhakatamasseva gahaṇatthaṃ.

Vuttañca

‘‘Yassa sabbavisesena, kriyāsaṃsiddhihetutā;

Sambhāvīyati taṃ vuttaṃ, karaṇaṃ nāma kāraka’’nti.

Taṃ pana duvidhaṃ ajjhattika bāhiravasena.

Yathā – hatthena kammaṃ karoti, cakkhunā rūpaṃ passati, manasā dhammaṃ viññāya. Dattena vīhayo lunāti, agginā kuṭiṃ jhāpeti.

‘‘Tatiyā’’ti adhikāro.

293. Kattari ca.

Kattari ca kārake liṅgamhā tatiyāvibhatti hoti. Caggahaṇena itthambhūtalakkhaṇe, kriyāpavagge, pubbasadisasamūnattha kalaha nipuṇa missaka sakhilatthādiyoge, kāladdhānesu, paccattakammatthapañcamiyatthādīsu ca tatiyā.

Ko ca kattā?

294. Yo karoti sa kattā.

Yo kriyaṃ attappadhāno hutvā karoti, so kattusañño hoti.

So tividho suddhakattā hetukattā kammakattāti. Tattha yo sayameva kriyaṃ karoti, so suddhakattā. Yo aññaṃ kātuṃ samatthaṃ akarontaṃ kammaṃ niyojeti, so hetukattā, yathā – gantuṃ samattho devadatto, tamañño payojeti ‘‘gamayati devadatta’’nti.

Yaṃ pana tattha tattha gacchati devadatto, tamañño payojayati ‘‘gamayati devadatta’’nti hetvatthanidassanaṃ, tampi sāmatthiyadassanavasena vuttanti gahetabbaṃ. Aññathā yadi sayameva gacchati, kiṃ tattha payojakabyāpārena akarontaṃ balena kārayati, pāsāṇaṃ uṭṭhāpayatītiādikañca na sijjheyya.

Ettha pana

‘‘Kattā’’ti vattate.

293. Yo kāreti sa hetu.

Yo kattāraṃ kāreti, so hetusañño hoti, kattā cāti hetukattusaññā.

Yo pana parassa kriyaṃ paṭicca kammabhūtopi sukarattā sayameva sijjhanto viya hoti, so kammakattā nāma, yathā – sayaṃ karīyate kaṭo, sayameva paccate odanoti.

Vuttañca

‘‘Attappadhāno kiriyaṃ, yo nibbatteti kārako;

Appayutto payutto vā, sa kattāti pavuccati.

Hetukattāti kathito,

Kattuno yo payojako;

Kammakattāti sukaro,

Kammabhūto kathīyate’’ti.

Nanu ca ‘‘saṃyogo jāyate’’tiādīsu kathaṃ pure asato jananakriyāya kattubhāvosiyāti? Vuccate – lokasaṅketasiddho hi saddappayogo, avijjamānampi hi loko saddābhidheyyatāya vijjamānaṃ viya gahetvā voharati, vikappabuddhigahitākāroyeva hi saddenābhidhīyate, na tu vatthusabhāvo, aññathā sutamayañāṇenapi paccakkhena viya vatthusabhāvasacchikaraṇappasaṅgo ca musāvāda kudiṭṭhivādādīnamabhāvappasaṅgo ca siyā, tasmā buddhiparikappitapaññattivasenapi saddappavatti hotīti asato saṃyogādissapi hoteva jananakriyāya kattukārakatāti.

Yathāha

‘‘Vohāravisayo saddo, nekantaparamatthiko;

Buddhisaṅkappito attho, tassatthoti pavuccati.

Buddhiyā gahitattā hi, saṃyogo jāyate iti;

Saṃyogo vijjamānova, kattā bhavati jātiyā’’ti.

Tatra tatiyā jinena desito dhammo, buddhena jito māro, ahinā daṭṭho naro, buddhena bodhito loko, saddhehi kārito vihāro.

Abhihite na bhavati. Kaṭaṃ karoti devadatto, kāreti vā.

Itthambhūtassa lakkhaṇe – sā bhinnena sīsena paggharantena lohitena paṭivissakānaṃ ujjhāpesi, ūnapañcabandhanena pattena aññaṃ navaṃ pattaṃ cetāpeyya, tidaṇḍakena paribbājakamaddakkhi.

Apavagge – ekāheneva bārāṇasiṃ pāyāsi, navahi māsehi vihāraṃ niṭṭhāpesi, yojanena adhītaṃ byākaraṇaṃ, kriyāpavaggoti kriyāya āsuṃ pariniṭṭhāpanaṃ.

Pubbādiyoge – māsena pubbo, pitarā sadiso, mātarā samo, kahāpaṇena ūno, dhanena vikalo, asinā kalaho, ācārena nipuṇo, vācāya nipuṇo, guḷena missakaṃ, tilena missakaṃ, vācāya sakhilo, maṇinā attho, dhanena attho, pitarā tulyo.

Kāladdhānesu – māsena bhuñjati, yojanena gacchati.

Paccatte – attanāva attānaṃ sammannati.

Kammatthe – tilehi khette vapati.

Pañcamiyatthe – sumuttā mayaṃ tena mahāsamaṇena.

296. Sahādiyoge ca.

Saha saddhiṃ samaṃ nānā vinā alaṃ kimiccevamādīhi yoge liṅgamhā tatiyāvibhatti hoti, casaddena sahatthepi.

Tattha sahasaddena yogo kriyā guṇa dabba samavāye sambhavati. Yathā – vitakkena saha vattati, puttena saha thūlo, antevāsikasaddhivihārikehi saha ācariyupajjhāyānaṃ lābho, nisīdi bhagavā saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena, sahassena samaṃ mitā, sabbehi me piyehi manāpehi nānābhāvo vinābhāvo, saṅgho vināpi gaggena uposathaṃ kareyya, alaṃ te idha vāsena, kiṃ me ekena tiṇṇena, purisena thāmadassinā, kiṃ te jaṭāhi dummedha, kiṃ te ajinasāṭiyā.

Sahatthe – devadatto rājagahaṃ pāvisi kokālikena pacchāsamaṇena, dukkho bālehi saṃvāso.

297. Hetvatthe ca.

Yogaggahaṇamihānuvattate, hetvatthe, hetvatthappayoge ca liṅgamhā tatiyāvibhatti hoti.

Kismiñci phale diṭṭhasāmatthiyaṃ kāraṇaṃ hetu, soyeva attho, tasmiṃ hetvatthe, annena vasati, dhammena vasati, vijjāya vasati.

Na jaccāvasalo hoti,

Na jaccā hoti brāhmaṇo;

Kammunā vasalo hoti,

Kammunā hoti brāhmaṇo.

Dānena bhogavā, ācārena kulī.

Kena pāṇi kāmadado, kena pāṇi madhussavo;

Kena te brahmacariyena, puññaṃ pāṇimhi ijjhati.

Hetvatthappayoge – kena nimittena, kena payojanena, kenaṭṭhena, kena hetunā vasati.

298. Sattamyatthe ca.

Sattamyatthe ca liṅgamhā tatiyāvibhatti hoti.

Kāladdhānadisādesādīsu cāyaṃ. Tena samayena, tena kālena, kālena dhammassavaṇaṃ, so vo mamaccayena satthā, māsena bhuñjati, yojanena dhāvati. Puratthimena dhataraṭṭho, dakkhiṇena virūḷhako, pacchimena virūpakkho, uttarena kasivanto janoghamaparena ca, yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami iccādi.

299. Yenaṅgavikāro.

Yena byādhimatā aṅgena aṅgino vikāro lakkhīyate, tattha tatiyāvibhatti hoti. Ettha ca aṅgamassa atthīti aṅgaṃ, sarīraṃ. Akkhinā kāṇo, hatthena kuṇī, pādena khañjo, piṭṭhiyā khujjo.

300. Visesane ca.

Visesīyati visesitabbaṃ anenāti visesanaṃ, gottādi. Tasmiṃ gottanāmajātisippavayoguṇasaṅkhāte visesanatthe tatiyāvibhatti hoti, casaddena pakatiādīhi ca. Gottena gotamo nātho.

Sāriputtoti nāmena, vissuto paññavā ca so;

Jātiyā khattiyo buddho, loke appaṭipuggalo.

Tadahu pabbajito santo, jātiyā sattavassiko;

Sopi maṃ anusāseyya, sampaṭicchāmi matthake.

Sippena naḷakāro so, ekūnatiṃso vayasā, vijjāya sādhu, paññāya sādhu, tapasā uttamo, suvaṇṇena abhirūpo.

Pakatiādīsu – pakatiyā abhirūpo, yebhuyyena mattikā, samena dhāvati, visamena dhāvati, dvidoṇena dhaññaṃ kiṇāti, sahassena assake kiṇāti iccādi.

Kasmiṃ atthe catutthī?

301. Sampadāne catutthī.

Sampadānakārake liṅgamhā catutthīvibhatti hoti.