2. Kamme

Vuttiyaṃ kattukiriyāyāti kattusādyatāya taṃ sambandhiniyā kattukammaṭṭhāyapi duvidhāya kiriyāya, anekatthattā dhātūnaṃ karoti ettha sambandhanatthoti āha-‘karīyati abhisambandhīyatī’ti, yaṃkiñci padattharūpaṃ sambajjhatīti attho, iminā cānvatthavasenevāyaṃ kammavohāro siddhoti dasseti, sabbakārakānampi pana kiriyāsambandha sabbhāvepi kiriyābhisambandhīyamānatteneva yaṃ vattumicchitaṃ tadeva kammaṃ viññeyyaṃ, kattādi kattu kiriyāyābhisambandhīyamānattepi kattādittavacanicchāyeva kammaṃ na hoti… yasmā vacanicchāyeva kārakāni bhavanti, evaṃ sabbakārakānampi kārakantarappattiyaṃ tadabhāvo yathāyogaṃ vattabbo, vākyekadesenetyanena ‘‘dvedvekā’’dino vākyassa ‘‘kamme dutiyā’’iccādino ca ekavākyattaṃ sūceti, pakaraṇassa mahāvākyarūpattā vippakaṭṭhānipi vākyāni ākaṅkhādisabhāve aññamaññasambandhānubhavanenekavākyabhāvampaṭīpajjante, vuttī hi–

‘‘Ākaṅkhāyoggatā sattā, bījaṃ sannidhino yato;

Vippakaṭṭhāni vākyāni, mahāvākyaṃ karontyatoti.

Sāmaññenāti kammādyavisesena, pubbācariyasamaññāvasenāha ‘dutiyādikā’ti, tena yadyapi tyādinopi dvinnaṃ pūraṇiyā dutiyāti sakkā voharituṃ, tathāpi syādīnaṃ dukeyeva dutiyātatiyā ruḷhīti natyādīnaṃ dukāni dutiyādisaddena gayhanti, visiṭṭhesūti kammādinā visesitesu, tividhaṃ kammanti sakasamayappasiddhiyā kammassa tividhattamāha, aññe tu sattavidhamicchanti, kathaṃ–

Nibbattivikatippatti, bhedena tividhaṃ mataṃ,

Tatthecchitatamaṃ kammaṃ, kammaṃtvaññaṃ catubbidhaṃ;

Icchitañcānicchitañca, nevicchitamanicchitaṃ,

Tathāññapubbaṃ nāññapubbanti, evamaññaṃ catubbidhanti.

Tattha icchitādīni upariyevāpi bhavissanti, tatreccādinā tividhaṃ kammaṃ sarūpato dasseti, tattha nibbattikammameke-nekadhā parikappenti, tadiha pakāsayissāma–

Satī-satī vā pakati, na yattha pariṇāminī,

Nissīyate taṃ nibbatti, kammamaññesamaññathā;

Asantaṃ jāyate yaṃ vā, yaṃ santamappakāsati,

Uppatyā-bhibyattiyā vā, tannibbattīti vuccatīti.

Ayamettha attho ‘‘kaṭavikārassa kāsasaṅkhātā vijjamānā pakati pariṇāminī kaṭavikārampati pariṇamantī yatthappayoge na nissīyate… kaṭaṃ karotītettha kevalamatthāvagamamattassa vattumicchitattā kāseti asuyyamānattā ca, pakatiyā tu suyya mānatte vikāriyaṃ siyā, teneva kāse kaṭaṃ karoti, taṇḍule odanaṃ pacatīti dvayattho karoti pacati ca, tasmā kāse karoti taṇḍule pacatīti vikārīyati, kaṭaṃ karoti odanampacatīti nibbattī yatīti attho, asatī vā pakati avijjamānattāyeva yattha na nissīyate… [(yathā) (potthake)] ( ) saṃyogaṃ janayati vibhāgamuppādayatīti saṃyogavibhāgānaṃ kassāpi pakatiyā avikārattā saṃyogavibhāgavante hyavikateheva tesaṃ jananato, tamevambhūtamanissitapakatikaṃ avijjamāna (pakati) kaṃ vā kāriyaṃ nibbattikammaṃ nāmāti eko, aññesamaññathāti vatvā tandasseti ‘asanta’miccādinā, yaṃ asantamavijjamānaṃ jāyate, tannibbattikammaṃ, yathā sukhaṃ janayati buddhimuppādayatīti, santaṃ vijjamānameva vā kevalamappakāsitapubbaṃ yaṃ uppattiyā abhibyattiyā vā pakāsati, tampi nibbattikammaṃ, yathā puttaṃ vijāyatisāmaññamabhibyañjayatī’’ti, tadevaṃ kesañci matena anissitapakatikaṃ avijjamānapakatikanti duvidhaṃ nibbattikammampi aññesammatena asantaṃ jāyamānaṃ santamappakāsamānanti duvidhaṃ nibbattikammampītisabbampi aṭṭhitapubbameva jāyatītyasato jānanā na byatiriccaticcāha-‘asato jananaṃ karīyatī’ti, avatthantaranti odanādino kledanādilakkhaṇamaññamavatthaṃ.

Pakatyucchedasambhūtaṃ, vikāriyaṃ kiñci kiñci tu;

Guṇantarasamuppatyā, evaṃ sā vikati dvidhā.

Kiñci vikāriyaṃ kammaṃ pakatiyā kāraṇassa ucchedena sambhūtaṃ, yathā kaṭṭhaṃ bhasmaṃ karotīti kaṭṭhassāccantaparāvatti [parāvattiyā (potthake)], kiñci pana guṇantarānamuppattiyā, yathā suvaṇṇaṃ kaṭakaṃ keyuraṃ vā karotīti evaṃ dvīdhā sā vikati hotīti attho, na vibhāvīyanteti na gamyante, sā patti‘pāpīyati visayīkarīyatī’ti katvā.

Yatra kriyākato koci, viseso nāvagamyate;

Dassanā vānumānā vā, sā pattīti pakittitā.

Yattha kiriyākato kiriyāsampādito viseso atisayo koci nāvagamyate nappatīyate dassanā vā paccakkhappamāṇena anumānappamāṇena vā yathā nibbattivikatīnamatisayo paccakkhānumānā vagamanīyo, tatra hi nibbattiyaṃ visesasiddhiratipasiddhā… atthalābhākhyassa visesassāvijjamānassa kiriyākattā, vikāriye ( ) [(eva) (potthake)] tu kvaci paccakkhavisayo… kaṭṭhaṃ ḍahatīti kaṇhattādibhāvassa paccakkhenevopalabbhanato, kvacidanumānagammo… devadattaṃ roseti pasādayati veti visiṭṭhamukhavaṇṇādikāriyānumeyyattā rosādino, evaṃ yattha na visesasiddhi api tu pattimattaṃ, sā pattīti pakittitā kathitā, ādiccampassati dhammamajjhetīti ayamettha attho, kathañcarahi asantassa [santassa (potthake)] pattikammassa kiñci (akaronta)ssa kārakattaṃ, na hi kiñci akarontaṃ kārakambhavitumarahatīti uccate-

Dassanakkhamatābhāso, pagamabyattiādayo;

Visesā pattikammassa, kriyāsiddhiyamicchitā.

Atra daṭṭhuṃ sakkā iti dassane khamatā ābhāsopagamo visayattopagamo visayattopagamanaṃ byatti ceti evamādayo visesā yathāyogaṃ pattikammassa kiriyānipphattiyaṃ icchitā, tato tassa kārakattanti attho, ādiccaṃ passatīti ettha hi ādicco daṭṭhuṃ sakkā, tatova so dissati abhibyattiñcopayātīti dassanakiriyānipphādakatthenāssa kārakattamupapajjate, tathā ññatrāpyādisaddagahitavisesavasena kiriyāsiddhito kārakattaṃ veditabbaṃ, nanu vikāriyampi nibbattikammameva… tena rūpenāsatoyeva jananato, pattikammampi kiriyāsambandharūpenāsantameva pacchā tathā bhavatīti nibbattiyevāti saccaṃ-

Atthesā vatthuṭṭhiti, sukhumabuddhigocarapatītyanurodhena,

Tatra yampetaṃ ghaṭate, yathā patīti saddatthāvattānato.

Visesānupādānatoti ‘‘kamme dutiyā’’ti sāmaññena vuttattā vuttaṃ. Karīyati kaṭo, kato kaṭo ccevamādīsu tyādippabhutīhi atihitakammādinissayesupi ekattādīsu dutiyādayo papponti niyamābhāvā, tathāhi pañcake nāmatthe kaṭādivacanīyassa sambandhī kammādyattho, tyādippabhutīti anabhi hitassa saṅkhyākhyassāparassa vibhatyatthassābhidhānāya abhihitesupi kaṭādīsu kammādīsu dutiyādayo siyunti pāṇiniyā ‘‘kamme dutiyā’’ccādīsu (2-3-2) ‘‘anabhihite’’ti (2-3-1) vacanamadhikaronti, veyyattiyāyeva dutiyādīnappasaṅgepi tannissayabhūte-kattādyatthe jotanāyābhihitesu dutiyādayo siyuṃ, tike pana saṅkhyākammādayo vibhatti vacanīyā, tattha yajjapi kammādino paccayenābhidhānaṃ, tathāpyekattādayo nābhihitāti tassa saṅkhyākhyassāparassa vibhatyatthassāti dhānāya abhihitesupi kammādīsu dutiyādayo siyunti pāṇiniyā ‘‘kamme dutiyā’’ti ‘‘anabhihite’’ti vacanamadhikaronti, tamupadassento āha-‘tatridaṃ siyā’tiādi, tatra tasmiṃ dutiyādi vibhattividhāne idaṃ codyaṃ siyā, kinti āha-‘pañcake’iccādi, anabhihitakammādinissayesuti anabhihitā kammādayo nissayā yesamekattādīnaṃ, tesūtyattho, dutiyādayo vibhattiyo yathā siyunti jotanāyābhidhānāya cāti yujjamānavasena attho veditabbo, abhihitakammādinissayesupīti apisaddena anabhihitakammādinissayamekattādiṃ samuccinoti, āsaṅkiyāti pubbakiriyāya vuttanti aparakiriyā veditabbā, pañcake tike cā bhihitakammādinissaye sekattādīsu dutiyādippattimāsaṅkāvasena dassetvā catukkavādīnampi pakkhamubbhāviya pariharituṃ ‘yadiccā’dimāha, ayantesamadhippāyo ‘‘yadesā saṅkhyā pāṭipadikattho tappaṭipajjane kammādayo vibhattivacanīyā, tadā ‘anabhihite kamme’tiādinā anabhihitaggahaṇaṃ kammādivisesānamanubhavantamanatthakaṃ… abhihite vibhattivāccābhāvato, yadā panāyaṃ pakkho ‘saṅkhyā vibhattivacanīyā’ti tadā ‘‘kamme dutiyā’’ tyevamādayo niddesā visayasandassanamattāyeva veditabbā’’ti, sabbathāti pañcakatikavādīnaṃ catukkavādīnañca matavasena sabbappakārena, saddatthābyatirittatthamattoyevāti byatireko byatirittaṃ, napuṃsake bhāve kto, na vijjate byatirittaṃ byatireko bhedo yassa taṃ abyatirittaṃ, abyatibhinnanti attho, saddatthato sakatthato abyatirittaṃ atthamattaṃ atthasāmaññaṃ yassa odanādisaddassa so tathā vutto.

Kiñcāpi vuttiyaṃ tabbādiṇādisamāsehi abhihitamavuttaṃ, tathāpi tehi abhihitepyevameva daṭṭhabbanti nidassento āha-‘eva’miccādi, kara-karaṇe karīyitthāti kato‘kto bhāvakammesu’ti (5-56) kamme kto, satikoti ettha kītoti kammatthe ‘‘dissantaññepi paccayā’’ti (4-120) iko, kammatāgamyate kitappaccayādīnaṃ kamme vihitattā, evañca dhuhi kimekamudāharaṇaṃ dattamācariyene tyato āha- ‘udāharaṇa’iccādi, anabhihiteti vacanaṃ vināpīti vacanaṃ vinā evāti avadhāraṇe-apisaddo, sambhāvanevā, yadyabhihitehi vacanaṃ vināpi dutiyādīnamappavatti bhaveyya, vacanasabbhāve tu kathāyeva natthīti attho, evañca panettha dutiyādīnamabhihite pasaṅgābhāvo jānitabbo ‘‘paccate odano, kato kaṭoccādopi yadi dutiyādayo siyuṃ paṭhamāvidhānassāvakāso na bhaveyya tato sāmatthiyānabhihiteyeva kammādo dutiyādayo sakiriyā (yaṃ tada)bhibyattiyā bhavissanti, paṭhamevatvabhihite’’ti, na nuca paṭhamāyākārakamavakāso rukkho pilakkhoti [rukkho pilakkhoti kriyāpadaṃ na sūyateti vibhatyantarassappatti maññatebhassāpadīpa] kimidamuccate akārakanti yadya kārakaṃ nedampayogamarahati tato yattha visesakiriyāna massavanaṃ tattha padatthasahacaritāya sattāya patītiyā ‘rukkho atthi pilakkho atthī’ti apekkhīyatīti kārakattaṃ rukkhādīna mattheveti [attheveti ññataṃ vatthuṃ paraṃ patipādayituṃ saddo payujjate ññaṇañca satoiti yatra kriyāpadantarassa appayogo tatra ussaggato sattā patītitutthīti kriyāpadānusaṅgara kattari tatiyappasaṅgaranavakāsā paṭhamā tyattho-bhassapadīpa], na ca uccaṃ nīcaṃtyadhikaraṇavācitte [vācikā] nipātassa atthītyanena natthi sambandhoti uccamatthītyādheyyasseva kattuttaṃ nādhārassātya kārakattamādhārassātyavakāso-tthi paṭhamāyāti ‘‘paṭhamāvidhā nassāvakāso na bhaveyyā’’ti yathāvutto-yaṃ hetu asiddhoti ca sakkā vattuṃ, asaṅkhyato paṭhamātyavatvā ‘‘paṭhamāttha matte’’ti (2.39) sāmaññavidhānato siddhoyeva, yaṃ hetuttānabhihitavacanamanatthakamicceva ṭhitaṃ.

Yañcāti casaddo vattabbantarasamuccaye aparampi kiñci vattabbamatthīti attho, yañca phalaṃ maññateti sambandho, yadetthāna bhihitādhikāro natthi tadā yathā ‘kato kaṭo’ccatrattena kammassābhihitattā dutiyā na hoti tathā ‘kaṭaṃ karoti vipulaṃ dassanīya’nti kaṭasaddato uppannāya dutiyāya (vipulādigatassa) kammassā bhihitattā vipulādīhi visesanehi dutiyā na siyā, tato tyādi tabbādiṇādisamāsehi kammassāna bhihitattamattevāti vipulādīhipi dutiyāvidhānasaṅkhātaṃ anabhihite’’ti (2-3-1) anabhihita vacanassa adhikāre yañca phalaṃ cintayatīti attho, yuttassātimassa attho sambandhassāti, paccekaṃ karotyabhisambandhatāyāti ‘kaṭaṃ karoti vipulaṃ karoti dassanīyaṃ karoti’ccevaṃ paccekaṃ paccekaṃ karotissābhisambandhatāyāti attho, kammatā atthīti seso, evaṃ maññate-‘‘kaṭaṃ karomīti pavatto vipulaṃ karomī dassaniyaṃ karomīti ca pavattovāti vipulādīnampi paccekaṃ kammatā attheva, tatthekassābhidhāne parekassa sukhamavalokayantīti tadabhidhānāyapi dutiyā bhavissatī’’ti, pakārantarāvatāro nācariye noparodhitoti tampi panettha dassayissāma-‘‘kaṭasaddā uppajjamānā dutiyā kaṭajāti kammamabhihitavatī, na vipulādiguṇakammaṃ, tato tadabhidhānāya ca dutiyāyeva bhavati, athavā kaṭova kammaṃ, taṃ sāmānādhikaraṇyena vipulādīhipi dutiyā bhavissati, kaṭaṃ karoti vipulo dassanīyoti hi vuccamāne vipulādayo kattusamānādhikaraṇatāyeva patīyeyyuṃ tasmā kaṭasaddasāmānādhikaraṇyampaṭipādayatā vassamettha dutiyā karaṇīyā’’ti. Nanvemiccādicodyaṃ, evanti evaṃ guṇayuttassa kammatāya sati, pappotīti kaṭa kamme-bhidhāniye (kato) ti ktappaccayassa katattā udārādito karotyabhisambandhā dutiyā pappotīti attho, evaṃ maññateccādi parihāro, avayavena kammaṃ na vadatīti sambandho, avayavenāti visuṃvisuṃ, kiñcarahīti āha-‘sabhāvato sabbaṃ kammaṃ vadatī’ti. Hotu kāmaṃ udārāditopi vuttena vidhinā paṭhamā, katasaddato kā pavattatīti āha-‘katasaddato pi’ccādi, antobhūto antogadho nāmassa saddassa attho yasmiṃ kammalakkhaṇattheso attho kammalakkhaṇo abhihito kathito sampanno sampajjatīti attho, nanu ‘kato kaṭo’ccādo sabhāvato sabbakammavuttiyā antobhūtanāmatthavuttiyā cātthamatte hoti sabbattha paṭhamāti ‘kaṭaṃ karoti uḷāraṃ sobhanaṃ dassanīya’nti kaṭāditopi uppannāya dutiyāya kammassābhihitattā uḷārādīhi paṭhamāppasaṅgo siyāti abhihitābhidhānappasaṅgopagataṃ codanaṃ manasi nidhāyāha-‘kaṭādisaddo tvi’ccādi, sāmaññenāti visuṃ visuṃ kaṭādisāmaññena.

‘‘Katturicchitatama’’ntyanena (1-4-49) kattuno kiriyāya sambandhi tumiṭṭhatamaṃ tasmiṃ icchitatame kammasaññaṃ vidhāya nibbatyādikesutīsu kammesu dutiyā vidhīyate pāṇinīyehi, icchitatamattañca tadatthattā kiriyāya, odanaṃ pacati gāvumpayo dohatityādo(hi) odanādyatthā pacanādikiriyārabbhateti odanapayādīnamicchitatamattaṃ, tadupadassento āha-‘yaṃ kattu’ccādi, vibhattiṃ vidhāya dutiyābhimatāti sambandho, puna payādinipphattinimittaṃ yaṃkiñci dohanādikiriyā yuttaṃ karaṇādirūpena akathitaṃ gavādikamicchitaṃ kārakaṃ, tatthāpi ‘‘akathitañcā’’ti (1-4-51) kammasaññaṃ vidhāya teneva dutiyā vidhīyate, tadupadassetumāha-‘upayujjamāne’ccādi, atra cevamakathitaniyamo kato vāttikakārena-

Pucchicibhikkhīnaṃ duhi,yācīnaṃ nimittamupayoge;

Pubbavidhimhi-kathitaṃ, brūsāsīnañca guṇāsattanti.

Upayujjate iṭṭhatthasiddhiyaṃ byāpārīyatītyupayogo-payoppabhuti, tasmiṃ, nimittaṃ gavādi, apubbavidhimhi apādānādhikaraṇādi pubbasaññā vidhānābhāve, vidhāne hi māṇavakā maggaṃ pucchati, rukkhā phalānyavacinātyādi yathārahaṃ bhavati, guṇāsattanti guṇena sattaṃ sambandhī, guṇasaddenettha padhānasādhanaṃ dhammādikaṃ vattumicchitaṃ padhānasādhanañhi kiriyāyopakārakamupakāriyaṃ padhānabhūtaṃ kiriyamapekkhiya guṇo bhavati, co-nuttasamuccaye, padhānantu dhammādino pavattiyā tadatthattā, upayujjamānañca taṃ payopabhuticeti visesanasamāsaṃ katvā upayujjamānapayoppabhutino nimittanti chaṭṭhīsamāso, pabhuti saddena gavādino gahaṇaṃ, ādisaddena gomantādino, dutiyenādi saddena adhikaraṇādino, catutthena vinayādino, vidhānanti dutiyā vidhānaṃ, dutiyāvidhānamabhimatanti yojanīyaṃ. Pāṇiniyehi ‘‘tathā yuttañcānicchitaṃ’’ (1-4-50) iccanena kammasaññaṃ vidhāya ‘‘kamme dutiyā’’ (2-3-2) tyaneneva dutiyā vidhīyate, tandassetumāha-‘yene’ccādi, ‘‘tathā yuttañcānicchita’’ntīmassa attho yeneveccādipañcikāpāṭhānusārena veditabbo, yujjateti kiriyābhisambajjhate, yuttanti kiriyābhisambandhaṃ, atra tu–

Yadyabuddhyāhilaṅghādi, tadāhyādimanicchitaṃ;

Yadā lajjābhayādīhi, tadecchi tatamaṃ mataṃ.

‘‘Tathā yuttañcānicchita’’nti suttenassa pariyudāsavuttito icchitā aññamanicchitamanabhimatamitarañca, tatoyeva‘gāmaṃ gacchanto rukkhamūlamupasappatī’tyatra nevicchitanānicchitassapi rukkhamūlassa kamma saññā siddhāti tattha ‘‘kamme dutiyā’’ti dutiyā vidhīyate, tandasseti’nevicchitanānicchitasmā’iccādi, rukkhamūlaṃ nevicchitaṃ pubbamanabhimatattā, nāpyanicchitaṃ appaṭikūlattā, gāmagamena hyassa tapparatā, rukkhamūlopasappanantu pasaṅgāgatanti rukkhamūlānampi kiriyābhisambandho attheva, atrāpi-

Nevicchitānicchitantu, mabuddhiyupasappane;

Mūlaṃ vissamanatthantu, tamicchitatamaṃ siyā.

Brūsāsinañcāti casaddopasaṅgahite dassetumāha-‘eva’miccādi, ettha gāmadevadattagaggānamakathitasaññā, ajādayo tvicchitatamā, ādisaddena ‘pattheti gāvuṃ purisaṃ dvijo’tyādayo saṅgahitā, nayatinī=pāpuṇane, vahati vaha=pāpuṇane, harati hara=haraṇe, jayatiji=jaye, sabbatthaleca ette ayādese ca rūpaṃ, daṇḍa=daṇḍane curādittā ṇimhi rūpaṃ, atha ‘‘adhisīṭṭhāsānaṃ kammaṃ’’tyādinā (1-4-46) tena tena kammasaññaṃ vidhāya ‘paṭhaviṃ adhisessatī’ti ādo (tattha) tattha ‘‘kamme dutiyā’’ti (2-3-2) dutiyā vidhīyate tehi tehi sattha kārehi, sabbatthevettha lokassa kammavacanicchāti kamenetaṃññasaññāpubbakaṃ kammamupadassento āha-‘adhipubba’iccādi, yāya vatticchāya dutiyā siyā tāya vatticchāya kammatā kathaṃhināmāti sambandho, neva upalabbhantīti kadācikassaci siyāti sambandho, payatitabbanti suttantaramārabbhanīyaṃ, tatthevaṃ kiṃ bhavato manasi dosadhijambhanenāti attho, dhammeti etthāpi evaṃ saddaṃ yojetvā attho veditabbo, yathā ādhāre kammavacanicchā, tathehāpi ādhāravacanicchāti attho, tenevāha-‘dhammeti ādhāravacanicchā’ti, dhamme abhinivisateti sambandho, evaṃsaddasamānatthattā tathā saddassa tadatthānusāreneva viññāyatīti tathāsaddassa attho visuṃ na vutto, pānañca ācāroca pānācāraṃ, taṃpānācāramassa ādhārassa tasmiṃ tappānācāre, pānatthācāratthadhātusambandhī yo nadyādi ko ādhāro so pānācāravāyevāti āha- ‘pānatthācāratthānaṃ dhātūnamādhāre’ti, kesañcīti aniyamena kesañci saddasatthakārānaṃ, etthāti etasmiṃ ādhāravacanicchāpakkhe, patiparīhi bhāgecetyavasiddhāti iminā patisaddassa dhātunā ayuttataṃ dasseti… yadi yujjeyya chaṭṭhiyābhāvā, tenāha-‘yadātvi’ccādi, vuttiyaṃ tenāti tasaddena, apisaddopasaṅgahitaṃ tatiyampi gahetvā vācāti bahuvacananiddeso.